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ROMANIA - BETWEEN THE RECOVERY OF GAPS AND THE AMPLIFICATION OF SOCIAL INEQUALITIES AND POVERTY

Author(s): Gheorghe Radu / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

There is a paradox of Romania’s economic and social transition process: its more and more visible economic progress in recent years has been accompanied by a complex process of deepening intra-regional disparities but also of increasing poverty in some regions/counties of the country. For the time being, socio-economic consequences, which are becoming more and more complex, are not being assessed. This reinforces even more the idea that besides the fact that in the comparisons of living standards between countries GDP per capita has a major role, it says too little about how income is distributed among the population or about the existence of other non-monetary factors which can influence the quality of life of a population.

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FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGIES (FINTECH), INSTRUMENTS, MECHANISMS AND FINANCIAL PRODUCTS

Author(s): Otilia Manta / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

The holistic approach to the phenomenon of expansion of financial innovations and current financial technologies, as abbreviated as FinTech, knows very specific elements and adapted to the global financial context. Moreover, this new funding instrument has mainly emerged from the need to streamline the funding system, a technology-based system, or to provide financial services tailored to the current needs of consumers (especially those in need of funding, this is also the real reason for the coupling of fintech to the financial inclusion of those excluded financially), as well as the design of new, reliable financial products that respond to the market. Our personal experience in integrated consulting for small farmers in Romania (over 15,000 small farms benefiting from our services) as well as the design of a unique microfinance model in the Romanian market, the microfinance model „MicrofInance anTreprenor (MIT)” in 2017 with applicability in the Microfinance Micro-Enterprises (MSM) developed in the Romanian market and promoted the concept at European level through the European Microfinance Network (Brussels) under project ID 135486. The financial space is dual, presenting two often contradictory hypostases: the totality of entities, collection flows, on the one hand, and all entities, channels, stocks and placement flows, and in the current context of digital financial technologies, it is in the virtual space.

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Perspectives and Distinctive Particularities of Collaborative Networks

Author(s): Alexandru Ionut Roja,Marian Năstase / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2012

Intra and extra organizational collaboration has become an important factor in increasing organizational competitiveness and regional ones. Technical and technological progress and the knowledge economy have led to the emergence of collaborative networks. Collaborative networks provides an opportunity for organizations to gain access to strategic resources or complementary base and constantly adapt resources, capabilities and potential to become proactive and to be competitive in an environment (environment) dynamic and turbulent. Complexity of collaboration between organizations within collaborative networks may vary and often depend on factors that have led to the emergence networks. Understanding the distinctive features specific perspectives and collaborative networks is the scientific approach of this paper.

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Project Management and Intellectual Property

Author(s): Mircea Negruţă,Ion Năftănăilă / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2011

Recent approaches consider the knowledge as a determinant factor in the current economy, moving from the knowledge-based economy to the knowledge driving economy. (European Commission - Directorate-General for Enterprise 2004) In that context, along with the growing importance of the intangible assets, and along with the changing criteria for defining the competitive advantages, the intellectual property related issues are increasingly addressed. Therefore, the intellectual property management science has evolved in the past few decades and it is becoming more and more important among the overall management science and practice. As a part of this science, the intellectual property management in the field of project management has just started. It is related to intellectual property components that appear, interfere and result from the project management processes. This paper is trying to find out the place that the intellectual property has in project management, to point out the previous similar approaches and to provide directions for further research in the field.

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Trust in Network Relationships

Author(s): Jost Wagner / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2010

Networks are a central issue in management and governance literature in the last years. This contribution discusses the advantages of networks as a management model, introduces different models of trust and their role in establishing and stabilisation of network relationship and describes trust supporting structures and problematic aspects of trust. Finally it pleads for a combination of trust and awareness to avoid problems connected with the concept of trust.

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Measuring income inequality: comparative datasets and methodological deficiencies. An overview of income inequality in Romania during postsocialism

Author(s): Ionuţ-Marian Anghel / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2017

The article delineates the main methodological deficiencies and datasets available for comparing income inequality at the European and world level. The article is divided in two parts. In the first part of the article, I present the main datasets and methodological deficiencies when trying to compare income inequality in the world. Although efforts have been made in the last decades to generate comparative databases, the qualities of some indicators are rather doubtful and also there is no common ground on conceptualizing inequality indicators and measuring them, some of which are income-based, while others are household expenditure-based. Then, I present two classical studies on studying income inequality after the Washington consensus. In the second part of the article I sketch an overview of rising income inequality in Romania after 1989 by presenting some income inequality indicators and comparing them with other former CEE countries. However, I will pinpoint that Romania’s case is rather exceptional in the EU and, when comparing standard income inequality indicators, further explication needs to be delivered. I conclude that while income inequality is the result of macro-structural changes that occurred during the transition to market capitalism, political decisions are not to be played-down.

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Tranzitie si consolidare democratică în Sud-Estul Europei: strategii, modele, teorii si concepte

Author(s): Anca Parmena Olimid / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 18+19/2008

This article presents the principal findings of the democratic transition and democratic consolidation. It analysis and compares the information providing new criteria alike to illustrate the relationship between democracy and economic progress. The article also argues that our representations on completed democratic transition reflect the distinctive point of concern of the concept of democracy. A distinctive feature of the article is that it employs definitions derived from the democracy game theory

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The Complementarities of Criteria and the Selection of Investment Projects

Author(s): Florin-Aurelian Popescu,Ion Ioniţă / Language(s): English Issue: S1/2009

The investment policy has to be based on universally acknowledged and accepted project selection criterion. A decision regarding the pertinence of a particular investment or regarding the choice among several projects, can not be based on a single criterion of efficiency, but on a sum of complementary criterion that are considered representative. Presenting these criteria shows that the discount rate, the net present value, the internal ratability and the rate of return, can lead to choosing one of several investment options. In the valuation of investment projects practice, the calculation of these indexes can often lead to discrepant results and thus making it more difficult to analyze and choose the more efficient project or project variation. The authors’ goal in this paper is to summarize the results of the research conducted in order to limit the deficiencies that the above mentioned criteria present.

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Developing Countries. Transition Economies

Author(s): Dumitru Filipeanu / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2016

According to the modern theories of economic development – the take-off, backwardness, convergence and balanced growth hypothesis - the new industrialized states from Asia seem to have noticed the advantages of backwardness from which low income countries benefited, namely the possibility to take advantage of the latest technological discoveries of advanced countries, thus achieving a faster growth than the latter which operated closer to the technological border. The assimilation of appropriate technologies, however, required the efficient mobilization and allocation of resources and the improvement of human and physical capital. While the Western countries were confronted with crises generated by inflationary shocks and movements of speculative capital, the relative isolation of countries whose economy was planned by the world economy sheltered them until 1990, unemployment being practically non-existent. Asia's exceptional economic success is not only due to borrowing Western practices, but also to the fact that Asian societies maintained certain traditional features of their own culture - such as a strong work ethic - and integrated them in the modern business environment.

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Values and economic development

Author(s): Wiesław Banach / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2017

The main aim of the paper is to show and examine how culture shapes human progress; in particular—how values determine economic development. The author describes culture as an axiological sphere including values, rules, customs, beliefs attitudes and worldviews that are prevalent in a given society. According to the humanistic perspective (called cultural turn), adequate values and other axiological determinants have a very positive impact on economic development of each society. The author analyses Mariano Grondona’s twenty cultural factors: religion, trust in the individual, the moral imperative, two concepts of wealth, different views of competition, two notions of Justice, the value of work, the role of Heresy, education, the importance of utility, the lesser virtues, time focus, rationality, authority, worldview, life view, salvation from or in the world, two Utopians, nature of optimism, two visions of democracy. The main thesis of the Grondona’s work is that economic development and well-being of civilization depends on choosing a progressive value system by a society. The author emphasizes that a further study must be conducted to understand and apply scientifically this model.

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Pleading for a Good Cooperation between Institutions and Organisations in the Process of Acquiring Sustainable Development. Case Study on Romanian Agricultural Cooperatives

Author(s): Anatolie Ignat,Ionel Bostan,Oana Ramona Socoliuc / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

In a world where the scarce resources are limiting our choices, the importance of institutions as good practices is crucial for a long-term development perspective, irrespective of the economic sector where they are applied. In such context, we reiterate the importance of the primary sector in the equation of sustainable development with a particular focus on the existing good practices in Romanian agricultural profile that support sustainability trend in all its hypostases. The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the manner in which the existing institutional framework from Romania, formal and informal, is supporting the activity of agricultural cooperatives, perceived as successful patterns of economic activity, in order to assess the real contribution of Romania’s regulations to the process of long-term development.

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Current Trends in the Foreign Trade

Author(s): Florin-Alexandru Luca,Ana Iolanda Vodă,Dumitru Filipeanu / Language(s): English Issue: 05/2014

In this article, we aim at highlighting the benefits of international trade on economic growth and development. In the first part of the paper, we will outline the seminal theories in the doctrine of international trade. In the second part, we will focus on current developments in the exports and imports of goods and services. We will also consider several indicators meant to emphasize the various aspects of research. Our approach is a transversal-comparative one and static models pertain to uni- and multivariate analysis.

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Марксовият модел за развитието на обществото - съвременни предизвикателства

Author(s): Plamen Chipev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2018

The paper aims to project Marxian model for progress of the society over the actual evidence from the present day developed economies in order to assess its adequacy, avoiding the ideological controversies as much as possible. Results from the original study show certain degree of adequacy – the basic difference and contradiction between the social strata are preserved and even aggravated through the deepening economic inequality. Two of the analyzed three variants of resolving the controversy are also congruent with the basic features of the Marxian model.

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Senior Citizens and the European Union. A Romanian Perspective

Author(s): Georgiana Udrea,Laura Andreea Ticoiu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The general goal of this paper is to study senior Romanian citizens’ EU attitudes after ten years of European membership, with a special focus on the unsolved tension between the instrumental and symbolic perspectives. By looking at the present context, the purpose of this research is to assess the challenges and transformations of the EU-related opinions and support of traditional euro-enthusiastic citizens in times of vulnerability and struggling economies. Equally, the paper favours a future-oriented view, and puts under scrutiny people’s expectations and evaluations of the future developments of the EU and their consequences at personal, national and supra-national level.

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THE FASTEST GROWING LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

Author(s): Wioletta Nowak / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2017

The paper presents trends in economic growth and development in twelve least developed countries from 2006 to 2015. The study is based on the data retrieved from the World Bank Database. During the analysed 10 years, seven Asian (Myanmar, Lao PDR, Bhutan, Cambodia, Timor-Leste, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan) and five African (Ethiopia, Rwanda, Angola, Sudan, and Mozambique) LDCs had average annual GDP per capita growth rates higher than 4.0%. GDP has been largely generated through the services and industry sectors. A few LDCs sustained strong growth mainly because of foreign assistance and in other countries remittances were a significant source of development finance. Resource rich countries recorded high inflows of foreign direct investment. In a few fast growing LDCs the state has been heavily engaged in economy. The analysed LDCs substantially improved their development indicators.

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GOVERNANCE, COMPETITIVENESS AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE IN ATTRACTING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT INFLOW IN SAARC AND ASEAN COUNTRIES

Author(s): Mohoshin Ali / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

The underlying purposes of the study are to examine global competitiveness and human development indicators as factor affecting foreign direct investment inflow using cross sectional data of 70 FDI receiving countries and implication for SAARC and ASEAN Countries. To examine the governance and economic performance affecting the growth of foreign direct investment inflow and implication for SAARC and ASEAN Countries and to suggests policy measures to improve foreign direct investment inflow in SAARC and ASEAN countries. FDI can play a vital role for the economic development of developing countries. The empirical study employing multiple regression analysis would suggest that the determinants of FDI especially the human development, global competitiveness and better business environment affects the growth of FDI. The study also would suggest that the countries do have high per capita income, domestic savings and other better domestic economic performances tend to receive more FDI. The non-economic performances of both the regions would suggest that the countries do have better governance in terms of government effectiveness, property rights and better control of corruption and political stability can attract more FDI. The countries in SAARC region needs to improve institutional effectiveness, human development and competitiveness more than the ASEAN countries to attract more FDI.

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ISSUES REGARDING THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE ROMANIAN PENITENCIARIES – A BRIEF RESEARCH REPORT

Author(s): Simona Ilie,Cristina Tomescu,Lucian Rotariu / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

The article presents several findings of a study conducted in 2015 by a small team of researchers of The Research Institute for Quality of Life, at the proposal of the National Penitentiary Administration (NPA), regarding the main aspects of the prisoners‟ quality of life in penitentiaries. Covered topics include: housing, nutrition, health and education services provided in the penitentiary, systemic aspects that influence prisoners‟ quality of life. The study has a consistent qualitative component, based on data obtained by authors, from visiting several penitentiaries. The methodology includes the observation of the visited detention areas, interviews with the prisons‟ staff and the prisoners, also, the application of a questionnaire to a number of 78 inmates. Intersystemic aspects regarding functioning of the penitentiary system, poorly addressed in other studies in the field, are also present in the study.

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The Human Development Index as an indicator of economic development. An assessment based on a comparative case study of five European Post‑Socialist Countries

Author(s): Anna Gruczyńska / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the Human Development Index (HDI) as an indicator of economic development. The analysis is based on case studies of five post‑socialist countries: the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, and Poland. To carry out the assessment of the HDI, two approaches are employed. The first involves comparing the HDI values to seventeen other indicators related to different aspects of development chosen with reference to Amartya K. Sen’s approach. The second approach refers to public opinion surveys provided by the Eurobarometer and the European Quality of Life Survey programs. In the light of the analysis, it can be said that the HDI is a fairly good measure of economic development. However, certain important dimensions which have a significant impact on people’s living conditions are neglected. Knowing about Sen’s influence on the creation of the HDI and the emphasis he put on the relationship between democracy and development, it may be surprising that such neglected dimensions include the state of democracy.

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Socijalno poverenje kao faktor ekonomske inovativnosti

Author(s): Miloš Bešić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 20/2018

in this paper we empirically test the effect of social capital as a factor of inno vation. Theoretically we rely on Social Capital Theory with the main thesis that culture of the society has an economic outcome. We used for the anal ysis aggregate date from 44 countries in Europe. The data are taken from re levant international sources and researches. dependent variable in the rese arch was global innovation index. Social capital, as well as other predictors was taken from World Value Survey. Results of the hypothesis testing con firm a significant effect of social capital onto economic innovation. among few dimensions of social capital, by using regression analysis and Structural Equation Modeling we found that social trust has the strongest effect on innovation. in conclusion, we provide theoretical argumentation regarding the effect of culture onto economic outcomes. Finally, we assume that one of the factors of the low level of economic innovation in Serbia is due to the lack of social capital.

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Instability of Production of Agricultural Products: Assessment and Analysis Features

Author(s): Dmitri M. Parmacli,Alina I. Ianioglo / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 168/2018

The article highlights the presence of unfavourable climatic conditions in the agricultural production of the Republic of Moldova, which adversely affect the results of crop cultivation and the economic sustainability of enterprises. As a rule, the variation indicators are not taken into account and evaluated when calculating the efficiency of crops production and sales, and accordingly, the potential values of land use efficiency in the industry are not correctly predicted. In this regard, the aim of the study is to develop methodological approaches to assess the stability of production and to justify some features of calculating potential indicators of production and sales of crops. The article shows the dynamics of yield of leading crops over the past 16 years and estimates the instability of production. For this purpose formulas are proposed, with the help of which the level of sustainability of enterprises can be predicted. The suggested interrelationships are vividly presented on graphs. The proposed approaches will allow specialists of enterprises to calculate the financial safety margin and the risk zone for each crop, to predict economic development using, above all, the moving average indicators.

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