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The article reveals the topicality of child behavior observation in the context of social education. Also, the focus is directed towards the ideas by Prof. Bronislovas Bitinas concerning the possibilities of the development of educational science and practice by relying on diagnostic results of child behavior and activities. The actual problem is related to the application of observation as a working instrument while implementing social pedagogical activities of child behavior correction. The aim of the article is to describe the possibilities of the application of child behavior observation as a tool of social pedagogue correctional activities for children from risk groups. The research was conducted by applying retrospective analysis, research data analysis and synthesis. The article defines the prerequisites of the development of the behavior observation instrument devoted to the solution of delinquency prevention problems. The attention is paid to the argument by Prof. B. Bitinas that sporadic educational activities directed to individual work with children from risk groups are not effective. On the contrary, systematic activities including deviant child behavior observation are necessary. Behavior observation is analyzed not only as an instrument but also as a purposeful directed and organized cognitive process which creates the conditions to improve social pedagogical activities with children and the collection of the necessary information.
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The article aims to characterize the multidimensional social exclusion of social assistance female clients in Poland. The author identifies reasons for a greater risk of social exclusion of women taking into consideration issues associated with experiencing many social problems connected to labour market, domestic violence, single parenthood and intra-family situation. The paper was based on statistical data and empirical research which had a qualitative (90 individual in-depth interviews with social workers) and quantitative nature (500 Computer Assisted Telephone Interviews with social workers). The study was conducted with social workers from Poland who provide professional support to people and families experiencing social exclusion on a daily basis.
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The article has a descriptive character, and the object of the discussion is the idea of creating intergenerational homes, enabling establishing relationships between the younger and the older generation. Both in Poland and in the world there is a trend of population aging. In the near future, Poland will be at the forefront of the countries with the largest number of older people in the population. The changing social structure brings with it many changes visible in every area of human life. The main purpose of the articles was to show the specificity of old age in terms of social relations. On the basis of the literature analysis of the subject, available data and reports, an attempt was made to determine the importance of institutionalization of generational relations by combining care facilities for seniors and children.
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The paper covers the issue of social workers’ social identity taken in theoretical framework of symbolic boundaries by Michèle Lamont and internal‑external dialectics of identity by Richard Jenkins. The discussed research concentrated on symbolic practices of social workers in relation towards clients and office workers. Both identified categories sustain the distinction between pure/impure, however differences can be noticed in case of boundary settings and boundary work. Analysis of external image experienced by social workers and the contrasted self‑image connected with social workers/office workers boundary allows for cautious conclusions about prospects of social work professionalization.
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Video Home Training (or Video Interaction Guidance, or Video Enhanced Reflective Practice) has a twenty five years of tradition in Western social services (especially the Netherlands, United Kingdom and Germany). In this article I want to present the development of this method in the last decades. It found application in the area of work with children and families, disabled people, peer groups, education al psychology and supervision of students and professionals. In the past, Polish social workers also benefited from VHT, which is why it is worth recalling his method and making it more popular and applied again.
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Contemporary trends in the creation of state social policy focus on the concept of multisectorality, which provides theoretical analyses and practical solutions. The model of multisectorality most often points to the model of the triangle of society’s welfare. It assumes the coexistence of three components of the state, market and households (the concept of welfare mix). The model of the society’s welfare triangle has been modified over time. The category of civil society and the various sub‑sectors were replaced by households. The new concept of multisectorality consists in the equality of all sectors and the transfer of tasks from the state sector to other sectors. In the adopted assumptions, none of the sectors should dominate, and the state’s task should be to organise optimal conditions for successful development, including providing the necessary legal, financial and organisational resources, while maintaining the state’s regulatory and control functions. The aim of the article is to present selected innovative solutions present in the area of social work, which are consistent with the modern approach to multisectoriality.
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In recent years, China's private health insurance has achieved rapid development. The determinants of the development of private health insurance in China are still uncertain. This study investigated the impact of private medical care on the development of private health insurance, and particularly focused on its spillover effect. Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2007 to 2017, a Spatial Durbin Model was performed to explore the relationship between private medical care and private health insurance development. The results show that: the development of private health insurance has the spillover effects and it promotes the development of private health insurance in adjacent areas; private medical care is associates with the development of private health insurance, and it impacts both density and depth of private health insurance; at the same time, private medical care has a significant spatial spillover effect on the density of private health insurance in neighboring regions.
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The development of social services in the twenty-first century due to the dynamic progress of the investment and activating policy. The society of the 21st century is a society of services as most of the workplaces are created in the service sector (public and community). This means that at least 50% of working people reach incomes from working in services. Thus, on the one hand, more and more people are employed in services, on the other hand, more and more services are consumed by households. Its characteristic feature is the principle of ‘una actu’ which means the production and consumption take place at the same time and place as a result of the same action. The purpose of this publication is to present all issues related to social services – definition, role and relevance, innovative theoretical approaches, organisation by government and non-governmental entities and, on the example of polish solutions, their application to selected groups of beneficiaries of social assistance, i.e. unemployed persons, addicts, old people, refugees, victims of domestic violence.
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The institutionalization of juveniles and young offenders who perform a custodial educational measure in an educational centre raises a number of challenges both economic and social with direct consequences in terms of the effectiveness of their resocialization and reintegration into society. That is why an important change was felt in the criminal and social policies for the prevention and treatment of juvenile delinquency in Romanian society and the ways of prevention, intervention and postintervention developed by institutions with the role of socialization, adaptation and social control of young people were considerably diversified. This paper is part of a larger research that aimed to identify the psycho-social effects of educational measures of deprivation of liberty applied to young offenders in Romania.The research participants (n = 12) are professionals who work in two educative centres in Romania, Târgu Ocna Educative Centre and Buziaş Educative Centre. The research method used to collect the data was the focus group.The research conclusions show us that the educational measure of internment in an educative centre must activate processes of responsibility, favouring the change of personal lifestyles and social and family relations. The intervention of specialists, focused mainly on education, work, religion and cultural, recreational and sports activities, must respond to the principle of individualization, must be modulated by the personality needs of each, based primarily on the individual resources of each. Our research demonstrates that all these results can be achieved only through continuous and adequate training of professionals working with juvenile delinquents.
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This article explores the role of partners and parents of young adult repeat offenders in the process of desistance from crime. First, we conducted in-depth interviews with 22 young adults who had been involved in persistent criminal activity since adolescence but had since stopped. Some, but by no means all of them, stated that their partner had played an important role in this. In contrast, hardly any of them had any doubt about the importance of their parents’ role. We then investigated whether the same views were also found among young adult offenders where it was unclear whether or not they had desisted from crime. Based on in-depth interviews with 21 young adults, we conclude that this was indeed the case except for a minority who continued to offend. This article throws new light on the role of both partners and parents in the process of desisting from crime.
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Life after prison can pose challenges for the formerly incarcerated, their families, and wider communities. This research studies Austria where probation services are either mandated by the court or sought voluntarily after prison. Through semi-structured interviews with formerly incarcerated individuals, reintegration experiences from their perspectives are examined. The narratives emphasized social factors that either assuage or complicate life after prison. The main factors addressed were stable housing, the maintaining and (re)building of relationships, and employment. Overall, a lack of stable housing appeared to complicate life after prison the most and also negatively affected relationships and employment. For some, life after prison was further exacerbated by immigration status and a perceived stigma related to the nature of one’s convictions. This study shows the importance of working towards a better understanding of the social context individuals are released into after prison to better meet their individual needs and to counteract recidivism.
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This article draws on analysis of interview data from an exploratory case study at an independent ‘offender’ resettlement scheme in England, investigating the benefits or otherwise of commensality for criminalised individuals and the wider community who share a communal lunchtime meal. For prisoners released on temporary licence and others referred through probation, caught in the liminal space between criminal and civilian life, commensality enables social interaction with non-criminalised individuals in a social environment outside of the prison estate. It becomes an arena for the display of non-criminalised identities in preparation for release into the community after punishment. It is a useful tool for social integration that challenges stereotypical beliefs about criminalised individuals amongst the wider community. Moreover, commensality works as a theatre for the performance of non-criminalised identities, by promoting social inclusion and generativity, it is part of a process of desistance geared towards improving self-worth.
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Many activities are carried out for people with disabilities to participate effectively in all areas of life. In this context, many studies are carried out in the accommodation establishments in order to enable the disabled people to participate in the tourism mobility without any problems. Accommodation establishments are the places used by people with no disabilities, but they are the places used by people with disabilities who live in the social environment in a way that is not to be underestimated. However, these places used in most accommodation establishments do not have structurally appropriate properties for individuals with disabilities and behavioral limitations. For this reason, people with disabilities face many difficulties in these places. In order to solve the difficulties faced by people with disabilities, the spaces should be designed for the use of people with disabilities and the features should be constantly improved. The purpose of the research is to investigate the level of information on the needs and expectations of potential tourists with disabilities on the official websites of 3-star, 4-star and 5-star accommodation establishments in Baku. As a result of the research, it has been determined that the websites of 4 and 5 star hotels in three provinces have very limited sharing regarding the information needs of individuals with disabilities and as a legal necessity, even if there is a disabled room in the hotels, this information is not available in an electronic environment.
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In the coronavirus pandemic, the presence of asymptomatic patients in the community makes it mandatory to perform preoperative COVID-19 screening for asymptomatic patients. In this study, it was aimed to determine the preoperative screening efficiencies of chest computed tomography (chest CT) and RTPCR test in patients without coronavirus symptoms.The files of patients who have undergone any surgical or interventional procedures in our hospital between April 20 and July 25 and who did not have symptoms of coronavirus were retrospectively reviewed. The demographic characteristics of the patients, chest CT and RT-PCR results were listed and evaluated. p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results of 103 patients scanned by both Chest CT and RT-PCR were compared. There were 12 patients with positive chest computed tomography findings. Only 4 of them had positive RT-PCR results. The sensitivity of chest CT was calculated as 100%, selectivity as 91.92% and positive predictive value as 33.33%. For RT-PCR, all of these values were 100% (p <0.05). According to our study data, the positive predictive value of chest CT use in pre-operative COVID-19 screening in asymptomatic patients was found to be low, and the positive predictive value of RT-PCR was found to be high.
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It is well known that, as they perform their work-related activities, people use only a small portion of their creative abilities and potentials, while the largest portion remains unused. If people are motivated, they invest more energy and passion into their work, and their good spirit helps them overcome all types of problems they come across at work. Likewise, motivated employees are in the state of emotional and intellectual satisfaction and feel great devotion to the organization they work for. An old Japanese saying speaks volumes about the importance of motivation: There is no point in carving a Buddha if you do not bring spirit into it. The question of motivation has become quite a challenge for modern managers because motivation is a continuous and changeable process that demands an individual approach. Numerous factors impact motivation and one of the most significant ones, to which special attention should be paid in the globalization era, is the cultural one.
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Introduction: The purpose of the study presented here was to show how the children with autism and their families evaluate their quality of life compared to children and families without autism. The questionnaire PedsQLTM 4.0 considering the physical health score and age score, answered by children as well as parents, was employed as the principal research tool for the determination of the quality of life. The questionnaire PedsQLTM 2.0 designed for the parents was furthermore used, which is focused on the Family Impact Module (FIM), and in which they evaluate the situation in the family on the scale including the score of the family function and age score. Methods: Fifteen families having children with autism spectrum disorders, aged 2 to 18 years, participated in the research. The fifteen children with the health handicap included seven girls and eight boys. The average age in children with autism was of 9.53. In healthy children considered for a comparison, it was of 11.7. Total of 120 questionnaires were completed. Results: The results demonstrated that in the group with autism, a lower score, i.e. a worse quality of life was always detected. There was no statistically significant difference between 7-days and one-month versions of PedsQLTM 2.0. Conclusion: The PedsQLTM 4.0 questionnaire demonstrated considerable differences between children with autism and healthy children. These results should be taken into consideration in evaluating needs of these children and their families.
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In the article, the issues concerning child welfare, family dysfunctions and foster care in Polish legal system are discussed. The thesis characterizes the importance of the family, its functions and the role in the life of each child. The problem of family dysfunctions, improper attitudes and parental behaviours is disclosed. Moreover, the foster care institution is presented as a form of family support applied in the absence of due parental care and violation of the child welfare principle.
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This study aims to analyze and evaluate the social services provided to girls and women victims of domestic violence, based on the practices implemented in the non-public and public sector through this sector's representatives' representatives. The group of subjects included in the study consists of representatives of the Ministry of Social Welfare and Youth, local government, and non-profit social centers for girls and women - victims of violence and the center's beneficiaries. Qualitative ethnographic methods were used to conduct this study. One of the most important findings of this study was that the primary need of raped girls and women is to provide shelter to guarantee a safe place with their children. Also, the findings of this study show that non-public social services for girls and women-victims of domestic violence are limited and very deficient. The lack of some services and their lack of coordination does not meet the needs of the subjects. From 2013-2019, the cases of denouncing domestic violence have increased because the state and non-profit organizations have played an essential role in raising their awareness. A vital contribution of this study is the relevant recommendations to improve social services for this target group.
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The article is the result of a complex research activity. The starting point was to make a diagnosis of the Iasi community on the needs of social assistance. The interest of local authorities is to ensure optimal conditions for the provision of quality social services, leading to an improvement in the quality of life of people at social risk. This article makes a complex assessment of the social problems faced by the local community in Iasi, using the analysis of documents, questionnaires and focus groups. The special contribution is given by the development a strategy for the local social assistance system, with emphasis on the category of elderly beneficiaries.
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