Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-U.S. Media Brace for Russian Retaliation
Lawmakers, media regulator said close to imposing stricter rules on foreign media and ‘undesirables.’
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Lawmakers, media regulator said close to imposing stricter rules on foreign media and ‘undesirables.’
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Time Warner-owned company dominates TV market across a wide swathe of Central and Eastern Europe.
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A decade after its founding, the ‘Sever Bocu’ press museum is making a name among institutions devoted to preserving southeastern European cultural history.
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The channel ‘Khabar-24’ is the only channel in the media market of Kazakhstan to provide news coverage for 24 hours. It was established on the basis of experience of the informational channels in the global media space. The activities of the channels which broadcast information in the European countries and Russia had totally been studied and analyzed before launching the domestic one. ‘Khabar-24’ started its work by providing news, and then proceeded in presenting its own products in various genres. The article considers the development and creative search of the channel in scientific terms.
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The article provides a wide theoretical analysis of the relatively new phenomenon - the transmedia narrative. The work starts with a broader overview of the historical and social aspects related with the narrative structures. Subsequently, it reviews the wide spectrum of literature outlining the very concept of “narrative”. Towards the end, the most prominent scholar definitions of the term “transmedia narrative” are examined and analyzed. As a result, a coherent definition is offered in order to serve as a basis for further research into the diminishing attention spans of the modern audience, the media convergence and the applications of user-generated content.
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The paper summarizes the preliminary results, outlines the milestones and the prospects for the formation and development of the Kazan school of journalism. The authors of the paper represent three generations of researchers, who are the representatives of the teaching staff of the Department of Journalism of the Kazan Federal University, where teaching journalism at the Kazan University was initiated 55 years ago, thereby leading to the development of a journalism science in the Volga region. Having appealed to the discussions on the concept of “scientific school”, we formulated the criteria for its separation. An overview of Russian schools of journalism has been performed. A tribute has been paid to the founders of the Kazan school and its followers. The main methodological approaches have been described. Based on the obtained results, the following paradigmatic principles of the Kazan school have been formulated: 1) the principle of humanism, which determines the priority of the “human situa-tion” over technologies; 2) the principle of personality prevalence (a personalized approach to the histo-riography of journalism); 3) the principle of dialogic journalism, which ensures the unity of different models, discursive practices of journalism, and media processes in general; 4) the principle of media culture, which determines the coherent connectivity of situationality and processuality of the object of research, its genesis and actual existence, metaphysics and pragmatics.
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The paper analyzes the problems of development of education in journalism at the Kazan Federal University. It has been demonstrated that the university has long-established traditions within the field of training specialists in national journalism, which are associated with such outstanding organizers of journalistic science and practice as I.G. Pekhtelev, L.G. Yudkevich, G.S. Kashshaf, F.I. Agzamov. By the middle of 1960s, most of the republican and regional newspapers and magazines published in the Tatar language, as well as television and radio of Tatarstan, were mostly staffed by graduates of the Department of Tatar Journalism of Kazan University, who received the fundamental humanitarian and journalistic education. The Soviet period of development of journalistic education at the university was marked by the creation of the Kazan school for training of journalists, which has its own unique face and clear scientific and pedagogical direction. A system of training journalists for the national media of Tatarstan with a strong pedagogical team capable of creating teaching aids for Tatar students was formed. A harmonious combination of theoretical preparation of students with their practical readiness was achieved. The first half of the 1990s was a rather difficult but interesting time for the sphere of higher education. We have begun to search for the optimal system of educational process, which would significantly improve the professional training of journalists and meet the new needs that have arisen in the information market of the country in connection with the sharp transformation of the socio-political system. The growth of spiritual self-awareness of Russian people, development of national media in Tatarstan and beyond have led to an urgent need for cadres working in the Tatar language. The university began to pay special attention to training journalists for publication in the Tatar language.
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The subject of the research is the relationship between the Komsomol and youth publications in the middle and in late 1950th. The main sources of information were based on the archives, mainly The Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History (RGASPI). And the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History of the Tambov region (GASPITO), along with periodical publications of the 1950s. Komsomol is seen as a social and cultural phenomenon. Komsomol actions are predominantly evaluated from pan-human and national viewpoints. For the objective estimation of the consequences of Komsomol’s activities it was important to admit the basics of Ilinsky’s concept of bringing up healthy generations. After the analysis of the decisions of the central and regional All-Union Leninist Young Communist League (AULYCL) agencies, the author comes to the conclusion that the Komsomol was restraining the process of expanding public openness. Alongside this, the AULYCL was recruiting young people to work in the sphere of Mass media, helping develop cub reporters’ movement, bulletin boards, as well as implementing innovative approaches to moulding magazine and newspaper contents, and drawing the Mass media attention to young people’s needs. A lot of attention has been centered around understanding the ethical principles of the Soviet youth journalism and the term “truthfulness”, criticizing methods of adulteration, exploring the sphere of personal interests and highlighting the theme of a small human and a citizen. The author also identifies certain youth publishing intentions depicting the realities of everyday life more precisely and demonstrating the problem of approaches to the perception of reality. It has been shown that the Komsomol advocated for the development of criticism and self-criticism, but at the same time did not favor discussing weak points and issuing offensive publications. A lot was dedicated to discussing essential printing materials and making arrangements for eliminating evident problems
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Those willing and able to emulate the most despicable enemies of a free press are a dime a dozen.
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The article shows the views of the world famous Italian Umberto Eco (1932—2016) on the problems of mass media. Provided is the short biography of the intellectual. Special attention is paid on the last novel of the thinker ‘Numero Zero’. On the basis of intellectuals / intelligentsia members classification model created and developed by V. L. Chernoperov together with Professor S. M. Usmanov the authors make an attempt to define U. Eco's place in the world intellectual, social and political space of the second half of the 20th—21st centuries.
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The purpose of this article is to define the artistic and image-bearing description as well as socially public grounding of basic fashion trends of 1960th and their influence on forming of basic directions of fashion industry of contemporaneity, in particular in the process of forming of actual project fashions in costume design. Methodology. In the furtherance of this purpose, the author uses the base principles of design of the systems, directed to the creation of different types of modern fashion clothes in the conditions of industrial planning and production. The method of historical and logic development gives the opportunity to study a costume in the process of elaboration and co-operation with the environment. Scientific novelty. The study gives the grounds for the assumption that fashionable changes of 1960th are perceived by fashion critics and commentators not as every-season changes of consumer taste or advantages, but as innovations, which influence evolution of fashion processes and revision of public values and moral basis, which made a great contribution into fashion development. The research determines that since then the alternative fashion, or so called anti-fashion, constantly and insistently intertwines into the creation of “haute couture” designers, and vice versa, often high aesthetics realizes through the “street fashion”. Conclusions. The analysis of the fashion evolution in the first half of the ɏɏ century shows, that up to the beginning of 1960th the representatives of higher layers of society of capitals and large cities of Europe mainly Paris, Milan, and Vienna were the basic fashion consumers. They unreservedly got across elegant suggestions of famous couturiers to mass customers. On the other hand, democratic changes in the society and improvement of social standards have led to the internal relaxedness of an individual and the overall change of the society. In the formed “consumer society” more and more conditions were created for the satisfaction of purchasing needs, and so called “American dream” more actively gained the sympathy of European consumers. Quite a bit active development of the mass media (including recent television) became an instrument, directed to the forming and expansion of consumer demands. Thus, one of achievements of this period sure must be co-operation of the High fashion and street fashion, on the joint of which many new directions of suit design got development, forming the fashion for a mass consumer, industrialization and democratization of fashion. However, not only development and production of fashion clothes have undergone changes, but also the system of its distribution and realization: mass media, advertising, system of boutiques and shops, in other words – the structure of fashion industry in its modern understanding was actively developing.
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The purpose of the work is to study online communication as one of the common and main directions of everyday social practices of individuals. The methodology of the study is to apply the general principle of scientific objectivity, cultural, structural-semantic and analytical methods in the study of Internet communication as a form of modern social practices caused by the development of information technologies and means of communication and connection. The work is based on the theoretical foundations of the study of the concept of social practices and structures of everyday life. The scientific novelty of this work is to identify the Internet communication as a key social practice of everyday life in the information society. Conclusions. It has been established that communication practices are a kind of social practices and represent a common social action, based on the collective experience and targeted at supporting and development of communication. In modern society, the Internet is becoming one of the key technologies, so the communicative practices in cyberspace is increasingly complementing the reality, allowing a person to meet the needs for information, communication, self-presentation in social networks and creative activity.
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The author studies the peculiarities of development of virtual reality phenomenon in modern socio-cultural environment and grounds the necessity of its further cultural study as a complex, multi-structured, dynamic and relatively new research object. Methods of the research. The author uses structural, functional and systematic research methods, which enables to consider the virtual reality as a complex phenomenon of modern socio-cultural environment of a new emerging culture influenced by the processes of globalization and IT development. The scientific novelty. The research proves the necessity of virtual reality study in the context of development of individual information culture, in particular computer ethics, information aesthetics, IT ergonomics, information security etc. Conclusions. Virtual reality becoming an integral part of human life can ensure the development of human culture, inside of which he or she develops as a personality. At the same time, it creates constantly changing virtual reality – the culture of virtual communication and behavior. The influence of virtual reality leads to the development of the symbiotic culture layer as well as to its expansion to all traditional culture elements and types. As far as a man spends more and more time under the conditions of virtual reality it is it’s specific character that causes the most changes in the system of cultural values. Priority values become those, which agree with the more and more sophisticated tastes and needs of a modern human being. Because of the domination of divergence tendency leading to weakening of socio-cultural contacts and system decentration, virtual reality becomes a mediator between a man and environment and often replaces him.
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State institutions (all three branches of government) have an important role in democratic control of the armed forces, together with civil society institutions among which the media, referred to as “the fourth branch of government” or “the watchdogs of democracy”, play the most important role. The armed forces need the media in order for them to inform the public about their role in society, educate the public on the issues of defense and security, as well as enable easier access to current events. For the majority of people in Serbia the media are the main source of information about what happens in society, and they influence public opinion to a great extent. However, previous research of the relations between the media and the armed forces in Serbia referred exclusively to the analysis of media content, while the media’s attitudes and knowledge of democratic control were not included. In this paper, based on the results of a pilot project carried out in 2013, we will present the extent of knowledge Serbian media have about democratic control of the armed forces, how the media evaluate their relations with the Ministry of Defense, and the basic obstacles the media encounter while exercising democratic control in practice.
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The article provides theoretical analysis of socialization of teenager in the field of leisure. Attention is focused on the role of leisure for formation of social and psychological characteristics and individual personal qualities within social adjustment. The article outlines the role of traditional social adjustment institutions (family, education system, public and sports organizations), emphasizes significance of spontaneous social adjustment (mass culture: Internet, television) in personal development of teenagers. Interconnection of education and leisure is considered as factor for teenager’s socialization. Socio-economic processes and political change in contemporary society necessitate the development of national culture, leisure areas require activation rights. Leisure stimulates the development of creative identity, new social and spiritual needs, promotes removal of psycho-emotional stress, preserve physical and mental health of adolescents. The inability of young people to organize cultural and recreational activities, to regulate their free time hinders its full development, promotes physical and mental overload, forms the basis for distribution of anti-cultural activities deviant behaviors. Under these circumstances the priority is the development of personality of a teenager's ability to manage their lives independently, organize your time according to values and interests, recreational use space as an important area of socialization. The problem of socialization of adolescents in leisure is developed and assessed partly in the context of individual branches of scientific knowledge: cultural, psychological, sociological. In the socio-psychological studies of socialization is defined as the process and outcome of the assimilation and active play individual social experience that is in the process of communication and activities; multifaceted process of assimilation by the human experience of public life, transforming it from a natural substance in public, from individual to individual. Socialization includes mastering the culture of human relations, social norms required for effective interaction with people, mastery of social roles, activities, various forms of communication, the skills of individual and group work. So socialization is considered as a specific formation, the product of social and psychological reflection of social reality, social life and social relations. The most active socialization occurs during adolescence in the process of communicating with their peers in the intimately personal communication, in carrying out their hobbies. The result of socialization of adolescents is to develop a sense of maturity and defend their rights, personal self, the formation of a new world, learning the values and norms of adolescent environment. The main institutions of socialization of adolescents act the family, educational institutions, NGOs, press, radio, television, education. In the life of modern teenagers these traditional institutions of socialization are losing their positions. The reason for this is the massive proliferation of new forms of interaction – electronic media and communication (Internet, television). Thus, in socialization, mostly in their teens, a dominant influence has mass culture. Mass culture is the most effective tool in the promotion of the ideal self-image as cognitive components of self-concept of the individual, a product of spiritual culture to follow. In modern society, the media and communication exercise greater influence on the formation of value orientations of adolescents than the family, the education system, religion, community and sports organizations. Recreational increasing individual self-fulfillment is carried out mainly caused by cultural institutions and the influence of television and the Internet. Along with the media and communication, socialization functions are carried out through communication. In the socio-psychological science communication is considered as the interaction between people, in which there is a psychological contact, manifested in the exchange of information, perception and understanding of the subjects communicate each other. In the space of leisure communication is mainly informal and takes a leading role in the life of a teenager (friendly, family). It affects its formation and development, as moral education is realized mainly in daily communication with other people. In modern conditions education is not just in schools. More diverse forms of education implement cultural institutions (museums, exhibitions), media and communications (press, TV, Internet). In turn, the comprehensive development of young people has impact communication with friends and family. Presented are the main forms of entertainment content all ages and affect their socialization, especially in adolescence.
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The article focuses on identifying the factors of sociodynamic development of modern guitar music in the context of the general laws of functioning of cultural cycles and their influence on the formation of new arrays of guitar repertoire. Sociodynamics of guitar art is subject to the general laws of functioning of "cultural cycle" as a circular flow of information. Level of sociodynamics culture directly depends on the rate of exchange of new ideas, products, inventions. On the basis of A. Mole’s scientific works, the mechanism of circulation of information looped on the individual: from him (composer, performer) new product hits the microenvironment intellectual coterie of listeners and through (creative intellectuals) by mass media it transmits further to the macro – the society, public masses. The circulation of cultural messages forms a "mesh" or "mosaic" structure of the contact relations, the intensity of which depends on the speed and crossing the reserve communication channels. The processes, that occurred in the twenty-first century, with the appearance of the Internet global network dramatically reduce the distance in the cultural cycle and establish a direct link between individuals-creators and mass cultural environment. The effect of reaction to the demonstration of new guitar works can be immediate in speed and unprecedented in scale of connected audiences, the number of which is not able to accommodate any concert hall in the world. Projecting theory of sociodynamics culture on guitar art, personal contacts are also marked as one of the biggest, most stable and reliable communication channels. This aspect is considered an example of personal creative contacts of the famous Spanish guitarist A. Segovia with many composers-contemporaries, such as J. Rodrigo, M. Ponce, H. Villa-Lobos, J. Turina etc., which resulted in the formation and development of professional guitar repertoire in the first half of twentieth century. Then he passed the baton to a new generation of virtuosos, disciples and followers of A. Segovia. British artists of "first magnitude" – John Willliams and Julian Bream managed to draw attention to the guitar such major European composers like Benjamin Britten, Hans Werner Henze, William Walton, Lennox Berkeley. H. W. Henze wrote two sonatas "Royal winter music" (1976). From the pen of Britten overlooks one of the world's guitar masterpieces of the second half of the twentieth century – "Nocturnal" (1965). So, thanks to the creative and friendly contacts with composers of A. Segovia, R. Sains de la Masa, and later N. Yepes, A. Diaz, I. Presti and A. Lagoya, J. Bream, J. Williams etc. actively start writing for guitar M. Ponce, Benjamin Britten, J. Rodrigo, H. Villa-Lobos, J. Turina, J. Moreno Torroba, H.W. Henze. This tendency exists on a larger scale and in our days, but now it has ceased to be the dominant creative initiative. Without any exaggeration, it can be argued that the scale and speed of rotation of "cultural cycle" today even commensurate with the nearest past, not to mention his condition fifty or a hundred years ago. For the development of guitar music it has become a powerful social dynamic incentive, like a magnet attracting an audience of millions of admirers of this art, in any areas of it where interests of listeners can stand. The most traditional of the areas can be said for the archetypal genealogy guitar world (everyday folk music, song and dance, applied, ceremonial and entertainment secular culture, the academic tradition) draws its repertoire from the tanks European fund styles of different times and eras come a long way, greatly enriched. They were joined by alternative new areas, those collect no less motivated grounds audience of lovers of jazz guitar art, rock concerts admirers, followers of popular culture entertainment, electronic club music, and many other phenomena of contemporary subcultural space. Status of the current stage of development of guitar music by composers scale initiatives can be considered rapidly progressive. Almost geometric progression is fixed by the magnitude of the absolute performance (the total number of works created during the last and the beginning of this century), since the second half of the twentieth century: from about 800 guitar pieces at all in first half of XX century to about 30000 works – during the second. These facts reflect the increased rate of passage of "cultural cycle" and serve as direct evidence of a global demand of guitar art in our days. Its carriers are numerous galaxy of contemporary guitar virtuosos and composers all over the world, its repeaters – efficient modern mass media’s communication, integrators and recipients – multi-million audiences, fueling the collective energy of new requests for creative individuals.
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The article discusses artistic methods of voicing commercials. An attempt was made to identify the factors of effectiveness in articulating promotional products and use of new technical capabilities, as well as broadly reflected the emotional-value component impact promotional videos to a mass audience. Using the existing theoretical base and her own experience in articulating promotional videos, the author defines the methods as auxiliary functions in articulating advertising. Sound promotional videos is a process that requires professionalism in the creative and technical understanding. In its form it is in many ways similar to the scoring feature, documentary and animated films, but has its own specifics. Modern scholars rightly believe that the most emotional and spectacular views of advertising is television advertising. Despite the fact that artistic aspects of production and distribution of advertising generally sufficient research (the works of Vuymy, A. Muhayeva, D. Ogilvie, K. Hopkins and others), but it is artistic means and methods of scoring promotional videos and still remain out of sight of scientists. The need for a clear definition of the basic characteristics of the genre of video, identification of key technical and artistic features sound makes promotional videos urgency of the article, whose author can draw on its own expertise. Advertising as a way of transmitting information takes many forms. However, the most popular and effective among them are promotional videos as covering the widest range of consumers and in contrast to other types of advertising including the emotional factor of influence on the audience. Sponsored videos are divided into two types: it is informative videos and music clips without music. Commercials musical composition called "jingles". Each has its own specific sound, technical support and opportunities. It should be noted that it is creating music videos are unexplored creative process. Thus, the art of scoring factors commercials deserve special attention. In today's advertising market there are several types of television advertising. Leading among them is the television video – a small advertising "film" lasting 15-30 seconds. After completion of the visuals, which manages producer, comes an interesting and crucial final phase of video production – editing and dubbing. At the forefront of this creative process are the breaking sound, the singer, if the music video, and necessarily announcer. All promotional videos are aired at professional recording studios. This may be the studio working only with advertising production and conventional recording studio. Today, almost every professional studio recording commercials (most often – advertising for radio stations). This process requires the participation of recording studio professionals, and quality necessary technical equipment and conditions. Sound advertising has many forms and specifics. This may be offscreen sound or dubbing. When adapting clip is duplicated basic version, which will be broadcast in another country, replaced all tracks – the speaker's voice and background sound. The original language is replaced with one in which the country is adaptation. Today scoring promotional videos foreign origin – the most popular type of work on the speech. Sound clips can be carried out as follows: Narration, sounding off screen or frame, a song or a combination of songs and Narration. If a dubbing that is adapting video advertising, announcers or vocalist should necessarily start from the original. To duplicate some promotional videos used technology. Advertising agency receives a foreign movie version, the session "Pro Tools" (number of tracks), that presented separately music, language specific characters and various effects. The first stage of duplication of video advertising is a translation of the text to be correct and appropriate to the original. Correctly translated text – the basis dubbing. The manner of scoring in every singer or speaker is an individual. Artists use their "tricks" and secrets possibilities sound of his voice, its timbre and color manner. Considerable importance in voicing the roller are acting ability Artist: announcer and vocalist should work together with the characters "relive" history, proposed director, which is an important component of the quality and success of video advertising. Sound promotional videos – is painstaking, difficult and interesting creative process. In a short period of time required to draw the audience's attention, hold it and encourage the audience to certain actions. For this interesting video series must be combined with good speech. Commercials that are broadcast on television, often broadcast at intervals of interesting films and programs.
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This paper deals with the topic of mediatisation of religion. It is seen as a process wherein the structural logic and communicative characteristics of the media play a significant role in religious communication, thus exerting an influence on the success of the transmission of such messages and on religion as a whole. Consequently, it is argued that contemporary social transformations of religion cannot be properly analysed and understood without the acknowledgement of the increasing mediatisation of religion and its effects. Having in mind the overarching importance of the Internet as a communication platform, the authors investigated whether the Internet presence of Catholicism in Croatia can be identified as a networked religion with its main components (networked communities, storied identities, shifting authority, convergent practice and multisite reality). Media content analysis using a sample (N = 200) of various categories of Catholic websites and Facebook pages was employed. Even though noteworthy differences were found between the sites affiliated, semi-affiliated and non-affiliated with the Catholic Church in Croatia, as well as between such websites and Facebook pages, the findings suggest that in the case of Catholicism in Croatia, Internet religious communication bears close connections to the offline world, does not challenge formal religious authorities, nor does it lead to new interpretations of religious doctrines and texts. The authors concluded that the Internet presence of Catholicism in Croatia leads to the re-affirmation and deepening of the existing forms of religion in the new media environments.
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The article draws on the assumption that the differences among media generations reflect the differences among mediascapes that different generations encounter during their formative years. Building upon the sociological understanding of the notion of a generation, the article shows that the result of the process of shaping media generations are manifested in the specific media repertoires. These repertoires are in a fuzzy relation with age, social location and technological changes. The study is based on the first academic nationally representative survey of Croatian media audiences conducted in June and July of 2014. The interviews were conducted on a multi-stage stratified cluster sample of 800 respondents older than 14 years. The sample was representative by age, gender and region and it was weighted to achieve representativeness by education. By means of the latent class analysis, four classes of the Croatian media generations were identified: the oldest one, the generation of traditional users, followed by the generation of digital immigrants and the two youngest digital generations – digital newspaper seekers and digital newspaper avoiders. All four identified generations were multimedial to a certain extent and for all of them television represented an important element of their repertoire. Unexpectedly, the repertoire of digital newspaper seekers was registered among the youngest media users, which opens up new questions for further research. Although a lot of information about the earliest period of media audiences in Croatia is maybe forever lost with the first generation of media users born at the beginning of the 20th century, this study provides the basis for the first insights into the similarities and differences among Croatian media generations.
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Przedmiotem artykułu jest ukazanie karnawalizacji jako mechanizmu rządzącego humorem w pewnym wycinku przestrzeni internetu, a mianowicie na tak zwanych "krańcach internetu". Jest to specyficzny humor charakteryzujący się łamaniem tabu kulturowego i norm etycznych, absurdalnością, silną obrazoburczością oraz swobodą zachowań językowych. Obszar ten porównać można do swego rodzaju współczesnego, postmodernistycznego karnawału, gdzie wartości są odwrócone, hierarchia społeczna zburzona, a ludzkie zachowania nieco wynaturzone. Humor "krańców internetu" jest realizacją karnawałowego "świata na opak", który czasowo znosi ustalony porządek i umożliwia ludziom rozładowanie nagromadzonych napięć. Jest miejscem, w którym mogą znaleźć ujście społeczne frustracje, lęki i bunt wobec narzuconych zasad i konwenansów.
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