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НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ МЕХАНИЗМ ГЕНДЕРНОГО РАВЕНСТВА В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ И СТРАНАХ МИРА: АКТОРЫ, ГЛОБАЛЬНЫЙ И ЛОКАЛЬНЫЙ УРОВНИ, СЕТЕВЫЕ РЕСУРСЫ

Author(s): A. A. Gnedash / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2016

The article reveals the content of the national mechanism for gender equality, defines the system and the functions of key components as well as actors of the national mechanism for gender equality. Analysis of national mechanism for gender equality in modern countries is illustrated by the cases of Finland,Austria, Czech Republic, Canada, Spain, South Africa and Russia. The study shows how a consistent development of the national mechanism for gender equality in developed countries leads to the institutionalization of gender equality in all spheres of society and state, but without a well-developed network of institutions of civil society interested in the promotion of gender equality, the action of the national mechanism is only symbolic in nature, as demonstrated by the developing countries.

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ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ПАРТИИ И ГЕНДЕРНОЕ РАВЕНСТВО

Author(s): Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Shvedova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2016

The democratic nature of parties’ institutions and the nature of the social and political structure determine the urgency of the problems connected with overcoming the alienation of “female factor” in the political life of the country. Unfortunately as part of the democratic process there is resistance to gender equality, which is limited to the typical forms and methods that need to be understood in order to develop strategies aimed at overcoming them. Political participation of women and the role of political parties in this process require a thoughtful and systematic approach. Objectively, political parties are interested in gender equality and creation of a gender balance at the level of the party leadership and government. However, in practice the opposition to gender imbalance in power requires attention and political will. The author believes that parties have to play their role in achieving the goal of gender equality and justice in the country and society. Of course, such a question is relevant in the framework of the democratic process.

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«РОДИНА-МАТЬ» В СИМВОЛИЧЕСКОЙ ПОЛИТИКЕ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ ГЛАЗАМИ РОССИЯН (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ИНТЕРВЬЮ)

Author(s): Tatjana Borisovna Riabova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2016

The paper based on sociological research in two Russian regions (Ivanovo and Dagestan) examines the role of the Motherland symbol in the Russian public opinion. Authors believe that the most essential trait of citizens’ attitudes to the Motherland is the attributing maternal characteristics to it. The Motherland is opposed to the State in the views of citizens. The relations between a person and his/her Motherland are interpreted as family relations (especially in ethnically Russian region); love for Motherland considered as self-denying and not depending on living conditions. On the contrary, relations between the citizen and the country are interpreted as contractual ones. This is why the symbol of the Motherland is used in the state symbolic politics. The authors demonstrate that citizens’ attitudes to the Motherland depend on their political preferences.

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ОБ ОДНОМ «ПОЗОРЕ» ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО РОДА

Author(s): Larisa Mikhaylovna Bogatova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

The article considers one of the controversial aspects in philosophical anthropology, i.e., the promiscuous stage as an initial state of sexual relationship in the most ancient community. It is consistently argued that the syncretical form of intersexual relations in the archaic culture is of great interest not only with regard to further evolution of matrimonial relations and development of such social institutions as family and marriage, but also for understanding causes of the metamorphoses accompanying changes in the generic essence of humans.

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ДИАЛОГ «СВОЕГО» И «ЧУЖОГО» В АМЕРИКАНСКИХ ВПЕЧАТЛЕНИЯХ В.Г. КОРОЛЕНКО

Author(s): Vyacheslav Nikolayevich Krylov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The paper is devoted to the analysis of various artistic, documentary, and publicistic works of V.G. Korolenko, which are united by the American theme. The materials used are the writer’s texts (travel notes, articles, and correspondence), both published and unpublished during his lifetime. The analysis allows us to see that V.G. Korolenko’s texts are not just ethno-graphic travel essays. They are rather his deep thoughts about the two images of the world – Russian and American, containing assessment of the pace of technological progress, ideals of freedom, respect for the individual, as well as attitude towards pragmatism and individualism. The writer’s characters of the foreign world are perceived through the use of natural and cultural contrasts. In his works, V.G. Korolenko brought up an important topic of national awareness based on the European and American realities. Overall, the study shows that the image of America appears in the works of V.G. Korolenko as more voluminous and ambiguous than it is generally assumed for the representative of critical realism. It is concluded that the impressions of the trip to the exhibition held in Chicago in 1893 turned out to be the basis for the subsequent literary art of V.G. Korolenko up to the end of his life.

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Pomiar indywidualnych kompetencji medialnych // Pytania i problemy

Author(s): Grzegorz Ptaszek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2014

Media literacy is one of the most important competences in the 21st century. It is not only the requirement for appropriate access to information and media content, but also the condition for their correct reception (understanding) and participation in cultural, civic and social spheres. For this reason, diagnosis and survey of media literacy is one of the most important subjects of contemporary scientific discussion. This article discusses key problems faced by researchers planning to measure media literacy, such as: the choice of the correct model of literacy (along with the specification of detailed components, levels etc.), the selection of the supervisory institution and methods, as well as the construction of a measurement tool. These problems are also examined in the context of Polish proposals dealing with this issue.

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Trzy dekady badań kompetencji informacyjnych ludności

Author(s): Maja Rynko,Marta Palczyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2014

The paper presents the history of adult literacy surveys and the evolution of their scope and of the skills they measured. It provides the summary of skills regarded as key for individuals to participate in society at the time of each survey. The article begins with the examination of pioneer surveys in the United States and Canada in the 1980s and describes the development of widely discussed international projects such as IALS, ALL and PIAAC. The paper also discusses the methodology of the surveys, focusing on those aspects which ensure comparability of the results between various studies and allow researchers to study trends. Moreover, it analyzes the results of the international literacy surveys in different countries with special emphasis on Poland.

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Wspólnoty mięsa. Konstruowanie tożsamości grupowej wokół sporu o ubój rytualny

Author(s): Ludmiła Janion / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2014

Recent legal changes resulted in an outburst of interest in the moral and legal acceptability of the ritual slaughter in Poland. The aim of the article is to establish in what ways the dispute over the slaughter method contributed to the construction of collective identities of two involved groups: Polish Tatars and animal rights activists. On the basis of the materials published by the groups in question, it is shown that the Tatars cement their collective identity of meritorious Poles while add an element of being the victims of political quarrels and religious discrimination. Animal rights activists deny being anti‑Semitic or Islamophobic, but they present themselves as more civilized and humane than the minority. Thus, the view on the superiority of the majority’s culinary practices is strengthened. Both groups refer to the nationalist discourse and the category of being Polish. The article shows that the nationalist discourse is flexible enough to accommodate contradictory claims of both groups, while the category of ethnicity is not deemed useful by the Tatars. Moreover, the privilege of apparent ethnic neutrality remains invisible to the social majority.

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Głód mięsa. O kanibalizmie w filmie Delicatessen

Author(s): Iga Łomanowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2014

The text has a character of a draft – the author signals some aspects and themes of complex issues of anthropophagy and human carnivorism, placing them in historical, sociological and anthropological perspectives. As its starting point author takes black comedy Delicatessen, which characters are hungry for meat and not being able to get the animal meat they practice cannibalism. The author analysis their customs, defining the kind of cannibalism they practice and describing its significance for them as a community. She reaches for historical examples of cannibalism and recalls its ritual, social and mystical importance referring it to the situation in the movie. She enriches the whole with the reflection on the carnivorous nature of man, as a creature condemned to hunger for meat.

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Mięso w tradycyjnej sztuce azjatyckiej. Indie i Japonia

Author(s): Magdalena Tomaszewska-Bolałek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2014

In Western art still life is a very popular subject. Objects as flowers, plants, books, jewellery, weapons can be found in many paintings. Numerous artworks of still life are also a presentation of food in different aspects, from dead animals, meat, raw vegetables to sophisticated dishes and pastries. Jacopo de’Barbari, Pieter Claesz, Jan Davidszoon de Heem or Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes are only a few examples of painters who presented still life with food. Food and eating are natural needs for people all around the world. Is meat also a popular subject of still life in Asian art? Is meat the main theme or just a part of scenes or events from everyday life, history painting or landscape art? In this article the attitude towards meat in Asian still life art will be presented in Indian and Japanese art.

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Głód życia. Dwa oblicza pożerania w malarstwie René Magritte’a

Author(s): Piotr G. Górniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2014

René Magritte was a Belgian surrealist painter. It is often said that it is impossible to analyze and interpret works of surrealists, because they are an illustration of realms, such as dreams and hallucinations, which cannot be seen for nobody except the artist. Even if we agree with this thesis the situation is different with Magritte and that is what I will show in the text. I am going to describe two of Magritte’s paintings: The Pleasure from 1927 and The Famine from 1948. Both these painting relate to eating or rather devouring living beings. To analyze both of this paintings, I’m going to try to show cultural context related to them in reference to religion and mythology. An important point of my analysis will be reference to the concept of meatiness. For that I’m going to use of the text by Jolanta Brach‑Czaina, The Metaphysics of meat. However, the analysis will only be an excuse to try and answer the question: is the act of eating meat only an ordinary activity or maybe something more?

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Intertexts, Transtexts and Paratexts: Following the Yellow Brick Roads of Fin-de-siècle Children’s Fiction

Author(s): Matthew Freeman / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2016

This article has explored some of the ways through which intertextuality manifested itself in the children’s fiction of the early twentieth century. I have demonstrated that to understand e Wonderful Wizard of Oz as a case of intertextuality means understanding it in the context of the industrial rise of mass production and the emergence of new printing technologies that allowed for these intertextual connections to be made. Coloured printing, advertising, printed maps, posters, and circulated reviews in newspapers and trade papers were just some of the key mechanisms exploited by author L. Frank Baum to expand his Oz stories into tapestries of intertextual, transtextual story threads that interwove across multiple novels and other media forms. Comprehending the historical roots of prominent theoretical concepts related to intertextuality – such as the work of Kristeva, Barthes, and Caselli – thus means re -framing and re -emphasising more practical developments towards industrialisation around the turn of the twentieth century. Historicising in this way may allow us more clearly and more fully to conceptualise something like intertextuality – using history to see how it emerged, how it manifests in different contexts, and indeed how it evolves across both media and history.

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The new within the old, the old within the new: transmediality and the introduction of the kinematograph in the case of Aladinou la lampemerveilleuse (1898)

Author(s): Gert Jan Harkema / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2016

Accordin g to the Provinciale Geldersche en Nijmeegsche Courant’s coverage of Grünkorn’s exhibition in October 1859, the scenes from Aladdin and his wonder lamp were the most popular aspect of his show and “caught [ the audience’s ] special attention, which they deserved.” :These scenes were even more appreciated by the audience than the nationalistic scenes from royal festivities (an observation that could indicate that the late nineteenth -century audiences who went to the early kinematography shows were not necessarily as much aroused by the radically new, as with the ‘new within the old’). The audience might have liked the scenes from Aladin ou le lampe merveilluese in particular because of the double logic discussed above: on the one hand, the reels anticipated in a familiar transmedial imagination themes that were already in people’s minds, while at the same time these scenes also highlighted the specific attraction of the newly introduced device for projecting moving images. The intersection between the new and the old remains a fascinating field for study because new knowledge of the nineteenth -century popular imagination could still shed new light on the earliest encounters with the kinematograph.

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Bezkarni bandyci stolicy – powieść kryminalna jako narzędzie partyjnej propagandy

Author(s): Pawel Rzewuski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2016

Bezkarni bandyci stolicy to niezwykle ciekawy przykład użycia narzędzia kultury popularnej, jakim jest powieść w odcinkach, do walki między partiami politycznymi z okresu dwudziestolecia międzywojennego. Na kanwie autentycznych wydarzeń, jakimi były działalność i proces grupy przestępców wymuszających haracze wśród handlarzy na Kercelaku, stworzono powieść, która miała „demaskować” działalność Polskiej Partii Socjalistycznej dawna Frakcja Rewolucyjna.

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Apaszem stasiek był w krąg znały go ulice...” Warszawska ballada podwórzowa jako transgresywny i alternatywny sposób doświadczania międzywojennej nowoczesności

Author(s): Konrad Sierzputowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2016

Marshall Berman swoją książkę Wszystko, co stałe rozpływa się w powietrzu, rozpoczyna słowami: „Istnieje takie fundamentalne doświadczenie – doświadczenie czasu i przestrzeni, samego siebie i innych, możliwości i zagrożenie jakie niesie życie – które łączy miliony ludzi żyjących dziś na całym świecie. Będę nazywał to złożone doświadczenie «nowoczesnością»” (Berman, 2006,15). Nowoczesność rozumiana jako doświadczenie postępu i nieustannego wzrostu narodziła się w miastach, jednak nigdy nie była utożsamiana jedynie z rosnącym zadowoleniem społecznym. Jak słusznie zauważył Berman, wiązała się z ekscytacją potencjalnym zagrożeniem. W swojej książce Melodrama and Modernity: Early Sensational Cinema and its Context podkreśla to Ben Singer: „Narodziny wielkomiejskiej nowoczesności były zjawiskiem wzbudzającym grozę. Miasta zawsze były pełne ruchu, ale nigdy aż tak, jak tuż przed przełomem stuleci” (Singer, 2009, 143). Ośrodki miejskie stały się nasycone bodźcami bardziej niż kiedykolwiek wcześniej, ilość elementów dystrakcyjnych w wielkich ośrodkach przytłaczała. Jak można przypuszczać, nowoczesna podmiotowość musiała nauczyć się radzić sobie z dużą ilością atrakcji sensorycznych występujących jednocześnie.

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Na antypodach (artystycznego) kabaretu. Specyfika warszawskiej rewii międzywojennej w kontekście globalnych wzorców gatunkowych – rekonesans

Author(s): Jacek Mikołajczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2016

„Jedź i kradnij, co możesz” – według Fryderyka Járosyego do tego sprowadzała się praca nad programem rewiowym nadwiślańskich twórców epoki dwudziestolecia. „Dyrektor artystyczny jedzie do Paryża, odwiedza z miną bogatego Anglika wszystkie music -halle i bucha wszystko, co nie jest przykute łańcuchami albo wmurowane w ściany. Potem wraca do Warszawy i zmienia obiekty kradzione przy pomocy członków swej bandy w taki sposób, że trudno je poznać” (Kałużyński,2013,300). Ciekawa strategia, która jednak nie odbiegała zbytnio od zwyczajów panujących w ówczesnym show -businessie. Florenz Ziegfeld, twórca słynnych amerykańskich Ziegfeld Follies, regularnie odwiedzał Londyn, podpatrując tamtejsze rozwiązania i podkradając nieco uboższym krewnym gwiazdy, Londyn kopiował rozwiązania berlińskie, zapożyczone zresztą czasem z tak odległych estetyk jak japoński teatr kabuki, a wszyscy demokratycznie zżynali z Folies Bergère, rewii paryskiej, która, należy dodać, również powstała jako amalgamat popularnych widowisk rodzimych i angielskiego music -hallu (Bailey, 2014, 137-139). Pod tym względem wcześnie dobiliśmy zatem do standardów światowych, dołączając do uprawianego w pierwszej połowie qq wieku bez większych skrupułów intelektualnego rabunku, który szczęśliwie i o wiele bardziej elegancko możemy dzisiaj nazwać transferem kulturowym i objąć pogłębioną reveksją badawczą.

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Składanie tygodników. Projekty graficzne Janusza M. Brzeskiego dla koncernu „Ilustrowanego Kuryera Codziennego”

Author(s): Julia Harasimowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2015

A basic attempt in this article is to analize graphic projects of Janusz Maria Brzeski for the polish publishing house “Ilustrowany Kuryer Codzienny”. Brzeski, one of the most unconventional artists in the interwar period in Poland, created layouts of two important magazines for mass public. 0e earlier one, a controversial weekly “Tajny Detektyw” (“Secret Detective”), concerned a schematic, crude content. 0e extremely dynamic and modern layout, based mainly on the photomontages and photocollages, emphasized short articles and created an effect of the organic unity with text. After magazine’s cancellation caused by the protests of the conservative elite of these days, “Tajny Detektyw” was replaced by “As” – the illustrated weekly magazine for women. 0is Brzeski’s second project was a polish equivalent to the french photojournal “Vu”. This evidential inspiration, the connection of visual strategy of the Avantgarde and popular culture points toward new perspectives for the interpretations of Janusz M. Brzeski’s artwork.

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Polskie internetowe serwisy filmowe dla dorosłych. Kilka uwag o sposobach odbioru tekstów pornograficznych w nowych mediach

Author(s): Adam Regiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2015

Along with the technology and customs changes in recent decades,pornographic message changes as well on the network.A full‑length feature films are replaced by short videos, devoid of narrative and focused on scenes of sexual acts themselves. On this background, aquasi‑document porn film which records sexual practices from the executor’s perspective (First Person Perspecitve) or accompanying cameraman draws a special attention. This type of production enters the new hybrid genre popular in new media either by composition, poetics or epistemology building its message on the tension between truthfulness and fabrication, fiction and fact.

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Film jako remedium na rzeczywistość. O motywie Piotrusia Pana w wybranych niezrealizowanych scenariuszach filmowych Stanisława Dygat

Author(s): Barbara Giza / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2015

The idea of this paper is to describe unrealizded screenplays of Stanisław Dygat. Those works are kept in the archives of Filmoteka Narodowa and show how much Dygat, one of the most famous Polish writers, was interested in film and how many trials to become a screenwriter he has undertaken. The idea here is to look for a very characteristic motive for Dygat’s prose – Peter Pan motive. The main hero in Dygat’s books is always like a big boy, trying to manage in the adult’s world, believing in magic and the power and illusion. Reading the unrealized screenplays being written by Dygat since late 40’s one can very easily find the same motive of Peter Pan, which shows the writer’s artistic consequence and his strong fascination of film as a new way of expression.

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Czwarta władza a styl życia – społeczna historia. Od tradycyjnych mediów lifestylowych do blogerskiej klasy kreatywnej

Author(s): Małgorzata Kowalewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2015

This article aims to show the importance of lifestyle media in social and cultural practices. This paper presents the history of changes of this media. The role that lifestyle media plays in the formation of taste, status and identity of individuals is also covered.

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