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Фізіологічний стан розвитку личинок і зараженість домашніх копитних Echinococcus granulosus (Cyclophyllidea, Taeniidae) у Північно-Східній Україні

Author(s): A. M. Yemets,V. M. Demenko,V. V. Kabanyets / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2016

Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786) has a worldwide distribution. Different types of carnivores (dogs, jackals, wolves, foxes), domestic and wild ungulates are included in its life cycle. There are significant differences in its pattern of contamination of domestic ungulates in the various regions of Ukraine. Pigs are major intermediate hosts of E. granulosus in the northern and western regions of the country, sheep and cattle in the southern and eastern regions. These differences are associated with strains of Echinococcus. The article presents the results of research conducted on 1,884 pigs, 1,025 sheep and 1,406 cattle in Polesia and the forest-steppe zone of the north-east of Ukraine. We have established the development of Echinococcus larvae in pigs (extent of invasion 10.2 ± 0.6%) and sheep (extent of invasion 0.7 ± 0.2%). The cysts did not develop in cattle. Pigs generally had a low invasion intensity (less than 6 larvae). A high level of invasion intensity (more than 10 larvae) was infrequently recorded in these animals. All sheep had a low level of invasion intensity.The E. granulosus larvae found in sheep were dead. In pigs, most cysts developed to fertile state (139 cases). Young, sterile and dead larvae were less common (39, 10, 4 cases). Pigs older than 10 months had the highest number of fertile cysts. Young larvae dominated in pigs younger than 10 months. In these animals, larvae were localized predominantly in the liver. The kidneys and lungs were infected less frequently. The large number of fertile cysts in pigs older than 10 months made this group of animals the main intermediate hosts of E. granulosus in the north-eastern part of Ukraine. They enable the parasite to function actively here. Analysis of infestation by E. granulosus larvae of domestic ungulates of the Polesia and the forest-steppe zone showed no significant differences. Identified differences were not statistically confirmed.

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Фізіологічні особливості стійкості основних представників квітучих газонів в умовах міського середовища

Author(s): G. A. Zaiyko,U. V. Lykholat / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2011

The activity of enzymes of the antioxidative complex and glutathione-ascorbic acid system of the main species of decoratively-flowering plants used for blooming lawns in the urban environment are determined. The activity of catalase, peroxydase and polyphenoloxydase, and the content of glutathione and ascorbic acid in 13 plant species were analyzed. One of the basic criteria of plants tolerance is the level of prooxydative and antioxydative metabolic processes. The plant species resistant to adverse conditions are recommended for use in the blooming lawns design in industrial cities.

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Фізіологічні особливості стійкості основних представників квітучих газонів на території ботанічного саду дну ім. Олеся гончара

Author(s): G. A. Zaiyko,U. V. Lykholat / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2010

The research of antioxidative enzymes activity of the basic representatives of groundcover plants used for the blossoming lawns design at various stages of their development was carried out. Activity of catalase, peroxydase and polyphenoloxydase was analysed in 26 plant species. It is determined, that one of the basic criteria of plants stability is the level of prooxidative and antioxidative metabolic processes. The features of the enzymes activity of antioxidative complex in studied plants are established. The plants species resistant to adverse conditions are recommended for making the blossoming lawns.

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Фізіолого-біохімічні особливості проростків raphanus sativus при пророщуванні на водних витяжках із ґрунтів техногенних територій

Author(s): L. V. Shupranova,V. S. Bilchuk,A. M. Misyura / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2006

The soil pollution influence on functional state of the garden radish seedlings is studied. It has been shown that the variability of soil’s mineral composition from different technogenic zones entails active reorganization in a protein system and in antioxidant cell protection from the heavy metals superfluous accumulation in soil as well.

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Фіторегулювальні та адаптаційні властивості біопрепаратів в умовах техногенного забруднення навколишнього середовища

Author(s): N. P. Chornogor,I. V. Zhernosekova,О. А. Timchuk,Т. P. Kilochok,A. I. Vinnikov / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2005

This article is devoted to stimulation action of lytic enzyme preparations. The treatment of the plant seeds by these preparations increased their germination and had positive effect on plant development, increased activity of peroxidase and resistance to heavy metal.

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Фіторізноманіття ландшафтного заказника богуславський (павлоградський р-н дніпропетровської обл.)

Author(s): B. O. Baranovsky / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2006

Analysis of the vegetation and flora biodiversity of the scenic reserve Boguslavsky is presented. There are 500 species including 25 of rare and threatened species in different ecotopes of the flood-plain. Two species of plants, which are rare for Steppe zone of Ukraine, were found. These species are new for a flora of the Dnipropetrovsk oblast.

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Флора карстовых озер государственного природного заказника «Пустынский» (Нижегородская область)

Author(s): A. G. Okhapkin,E. V. Garin,E. A. Belyakov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2017

Pustynsky State Natural Reserve of Regional Importance (area 19,730 hectares) was established by decree of the administration of Nizhny Novgorod oblast on September 16, 2013. It is located in the Tyoshe-Seryozhinsky karst area of the Oka-Sura karst region or Seryozhe-Panskoy karst lake district. Its creation is justified by the need to protect the rare species of living organisms, diverse types of vegetation, unique landscapes and plant communities that are concentrated in this territory. Despite the fact that in 1934 on the shore of the Great Lake in the Staraya Pustyn village the biological station of the State University of Nizhny Novgorod was founded, local flora of the karst lakes which are linked into a single system by the channel of the River Seryozha, remains insufficiently studied. In 2014 and 2015 the authors conducted a study of the flora of the Pustynsky lake-river complex. The collection of material for study of the taxonomic composition of the flora of the reservoirs and the collection of herbarium material were carried out by the route method from a rowing boat and, in part, by traversing along the shore. Taxonomic, ecological (including the spectrum of life forms of plants) and ecobiomorphological analysis of the flora, including the analysis of the ratio of its latitudinal and longitude elements, was carried out in cameral conditions. The taxonomic analysis of flora showed 162 species of vascular plants from 61 genera and 42 families, 6 of these species – Najas minor All., N. major All., Trapa natans L., Potamogeton praelongus Wulf., P. trichoides Cham. et Schlecht. and Carex bohemica Schreb, being included in the List of Rare and Protected Species on the Territory of Nizhny Novgorod oblast. On the basis of the annotated list of plant species, taxonomic, geographic, ecological-coenotic and ecobiomorphological analysis of the flora of the water reservoirs was made. We confirmed that the flora of the lake-river complex is traditional for this territory. Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Polygonaceae and Asteraceae belong to the dominant families and Potamogeton L., Carex L., Juncus L. and Salix L. belong to the dominant genera of the Pustynsky lake-river system. The level of the hybrid component of the flora is extremely low, which is typical for the watershed lakes. We found that a 6.5 km stretch of the Seryozha River accounts for about 30% of species of the vascular plants belonging to the flora in the Volga River basin. The high species richness of the flora of this territory is due, primarily, to the specific features of the shoreline, forming a broad range of habitats and the relatively stable water level regime despite the strong fluctuation in the level of anthropogenic pressure. We found that boreal and plurizonal elements dominate zonally but Holarctic and Eurasian species – regionally. The predominance of species typical for the ecotone zones of lakes (hygrophytes, hydrophytes and mesophytes) is an integral feature of the ecological-coenotic diversity which is characteristic of the Volga River basin. According to the Raunkiaer classification of life forms, hemicryptophytes are the most numerous group and the hamephytes are the least numerous one. A biomorphological analysis shows the predominance of vegetative mobile, clearly polycentric and vegetative immobile monocentric ecobiomorphs.

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Флора подсемейства prunoideae семейства rosaceae в ботаническом саду днепропетровского университета

Author(s): V. F. Opanasenko,А. М. Kabar,L. L. Rusetska,Е. P. Shoferistov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2008

The present state of genofond of the 24 taxa collection of subfamily Prunoideae Focke (family Rosaceae Juss) in DNU botanical garden has been analysed. Valuable genotypes for practical use in the development of landscape, farm horticulture and further selection were marked out. The ways of further exploit was planned.

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Формирование женских генеративных структур у deutzia scarba (hydrangea cea e)

Author(s): T. M. Satarova,N. F. Pavlyukova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2005

The development and the structure of the ovule and the embryo sac of the representative of the family Hydrangeaceae Deutzia scarba are investigated. It is established that the ovule of the given species is hemitropic, tenuinucellatic, unitegmic. The embryo sac develops according to Polygonum-type. The structure of the mature ovule has the specific peculiarities connected with the growth of the micropilar region of the embryo sac.

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Формирование этнокультурной компетентности учащихся в контексте глобализации

Author(s): Boris Aleksandrovich Takhokhov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2019

Introduction. The article is devoted to solving a significant problem of preserving national culture and mentality in harmonious interaction with other cultures in the era of globalization. The purpose of the research is to reveal and theoretically substantiate the main directions of developing students’ ethno-cultural competence within the context of globalization. Materials and Methods. Conceptually developing ethno-cultural competence most effectively takes place within the humanistic paradigm of education, taking into account such psychological and pedagogical methods as systemic, competence, axiological, comparative and principles of cultural conformity of educational systems, creative, synchronic and diachronic pedagogical, personal-didactic, and multicultural. Results. The article reveals the author's understanding of developing students’ ethno-cultural competence in the context of globalization. It is proved that developing ethno-cultural competence is carried out in the interaction of three components which make up a single psychological and pedagogical system: socio-economic, cultural and life experience of the ethnos in its historical development and modern state (socialization of the individual); formal educational process (teaching and educating) and independent intellectual-cognitive and practical activities (self-development and self-education). There should be recognized such levels of ethno-cultural competence as cognitive, behavioral and affective which are represented in worldview, activity, behavior and verbal communication. The first component in this triad is almost spontaneous or slightly systematized, but the second and third ones are interconnected by a single strategy of action, and self-education and development are largely dependent on the psychological and pedagogical support of students. Сonclusions. The study has shown that the process of developing learners’ ethno-cultural competence in the context of globalization is carried out efficiently, provided that the material related to regional and ethnic cultural characteristics is incorporated into various subjects and disciplines, and an integrated approach to designing educational process is implemented, which takes into account the ethnic identity and ideology of the multicultural paradigm while solving teaching objectives, educational and ideological tasks.

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Фулерени: перспективи практичного застосування в медицині, біології та екології

Author(s): D. V. Schur,Z. Z. Matysina,S. Y. Zaginaichenko,N.P. Botsva,О.V. Elina / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2012

Results of our own research and academic literature data on the properties of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes are analysed and summarized. Chemical stability of the structure and low toxicity of fullerenes determine their usage in medical chemistry, pharmacology and cosmetology. Due to its mechanical strength the nanotubes have become the basis of clean construction and barrier materials. It is shown that a matrix based on fullerit C60 can be obtained. It allows to store up to 7.7 wt. % hydrogen with formation of hydrofullerit C60H60. The usage of fullerenes for accumulation and storage of hydrogen enhances the prospects of clean hydrogen energy development.

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Функциональная структура сообщества мезопедобионтов дерново-боровой почвы арены р. Днепр

Author(s): O. V. Zhukov,O. N. Kunah,V. A. Novikova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

We revealed the functional groups of the animals of sod pinewood soils (arena of the river Dnepr in the "Dneprovsko-Orelsky" Nature Reserve) on the basis of cluster analysis of the RLQ-axes received as result of interaction of matrix of community, matrix of edaphic parameters and matrix of ecomorphs of soil animals. The quantitative account of soil mesofauna has allowed us to establish that the community of animals inhabiting sod pinewood soils is represented by 20 species at a density of 68.9 ± 14.6 ind./m2, 8 forms were identified at the level of genus, family or order. Two species were represented by their larval and imago phases (Anatolica eremita (Steven, 1829) and Calathus ambiguus (Paykull, 1790)). A count of animals conducted in an alternative way has allowed us to expand the list to 38 species or forms at species level. The level of abundance and diversity for sod pinewood soils on the arena is not high compared with other types of soils of the arena of the river Dnepr. This result shows that the community has a simplified ecological structure. The prevailing ecological structure of the community can be characterised as steppe, xerophilous, oligotrophocoenomorphic. Anecic animals are absent from the topomorphic structure and saprophagous animals absent from the trophic structure. Only additional collection by alternative methods has allowed us to establish the presence in the community of saprophagous and anecic animals. The latter ecological group is represented by the extremely mobile vertebrate species Pelobates fuscus. The foromorphic structure of the community differs by its great variety. In this structure various strategies of animals’ movement through the soil are proportionately represented. On the one hand, we see various ways of movement of herpetobiont animals, mainly insect imagoes, which as a whole differ in their considerable migratory potential. This circumstance staticizes the historical reasons for the formation of the studied community. On the other hand, in the community there are various strategies of movement in the soil that allow us to assume or determine the reasons or causes of structurization of an ecological niche. Environmental factors are described by two groups of indicators, edaphic properties and values of phytoindicator scales. The mesopedobionts community structure is presented as a classical matrix of species/sampling points. The ecology of communities is principally focused not on taxonomic features but on biological properties (traits) of species. Such features can act on ecomorphs of soil animals. The direct functional analysis of relationship of biological properties of species with variables of environment by means of data on the abundance of species demands association of three matrixes of data. Such problem can be tackled by means of the RLQ-analysis. A key aspect of structurization of communities of soil mesofauna is differentiation in trophic traits. The organisation of a community of soil animals in an ecological space set by axes RLQ can be displayed in the form of a natural variation of RLQ-axes in geographical space. Everything in the RLQ is represented, as follows from the mathematical nature of this generalisation, an independent aspect of the coordinated variation of structure of a community of soil animals, properties of environment and ecomorphic features of mesopedobionts.

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Функціональна активність гепатоцитів щурів при канцерогенезі

Author(s): V. V. Ivchuk,N. I. Shtemenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2008

Enzymatic activity in rat’s hepatocytes under carcinoma Geuren T8 development as well as after introduction of rhenium compounds and cis-platin were studied. It has been determined that the decrease of enzymatic activity contrary to the control animals has been observed under simultaneous injection of cis-platin and cluster rhenium compounds in a liposome form. That confirms possible hepatoprotective properties of the rhenium compounds.

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Функціональна асиметрія нервової системи безхребетних на прикладі просторової орієнтації твердокрилих триби tentyriini

Author(s): K. O. Moroz / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2010

The functional asymmetry of the nervous system of insects was studied on an example of two taxonomically and ecologically closed darkling beetles: Anatolica eremita (Steven, 1829) and Tentiria nomas taurica (Pallas, 1781). Species-specificity of motor-spatial asymmetry is revealed for imago of these species. Spatial differentiation of specimens’ movement for “right-handers”, “left-handers” and “ambidexters” with different degree of the sign display was investigated. Fluctuations and distributing of values of the asymmetry ratio for both species of the darkling beetles were determined. Influence of the first priority of the locomotion direction on further orientational manifestations was analysed.

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Функціональний стан печінки за умов радіаційно-хімічного впливу

Author(s): O. V. Severynovs’ka,Т. М. Lagutina,О. Y. Zaichenko,A. I. Dvoretskyi / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2005

Chronic influences of low-intensity X-rays in doses of 0.15 and 0.25 Gr and mix of heavy metals salts in a dose of 2 EPC (extreme permissible concentrations) for each metal, as a single factor or as a combination of factors, on the state of pro-/antioxidative system in a rat liver have been studied. Analysis of the data concerning combined influences allows to conclude that effects under these doses have some differences: a splash of processes of lipid peroxidation are observed in both causes, but under the lower dose an additivity takes place, and under the dose of 0.25 Gr a synergism of the agent effects in relation to the development of peroxidative reactions is registered. The results testify that technogenic contamination of water with heavy metals worsens the action of radiation factor, specifically, eliminates a hormetic splash of antioxidative activity at 0.15 Gr. Biochemical indexes of the liver activity, as a central organ of a general metabolism, and a structure of morbidity have been studied in liquidators of the Chernobyl accident from industrial Prydnieprovie region. Disturbances of liver functions have been shown, especially in persons obtained the exposure dose about 0.25 Gr. A comparison of these results and data of tests with laboratory animals reveals their mutual accordance and supports a relevancy of extrapolation of data of model experiments on a person health state, which undergone a similar influence.

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Характеристика іхтіофауни ріки дніпро в районі міста дніпропетровськ

Author(s): О. О. Khristov,V. M. Kochet / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2008

Retrospective characteristics of ichthyofauna of the Dniprovs’ke reservoir in the vicinity of the Dnipropetrovs’k city are presented. On the basis of perennial observations the regularities of fish communities’ development were determined, the influence of complex of anthropogenic factors on ichthyocenosis was assessed, and measures for optimization of fish life activity at the present stage are proposed.

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Характеристика консортивних зв’язків птахів з ясеном звичайним (fraxinus excelsior)

Author(s): O. L. Ponomarenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2005

The article is devoted to the consortia interactions of birds with the ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in its ontogeny from v to g 2 3 age stage. Species composition, daily time budget, daily mass budget of the birds in ash consortia were studied.

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Характеристика фауны наземных брюхоногих моллюсков искусственных древесных насаждений и рекультивированных территорий в г. Желтые воды

Author(s): Y. L. Kulbachko,S. I. Unkovs’ka / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2008

Taxonomic composition, structure of domination, distribution of the snails species in artificial stands and rehabilitated plots of Zhovti Vody were studied.

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Характеристика функціонального складу угруповань птахів у індивідуальних консорціях дубa звичайного (quercus robur)

Author(s): O. L. Ponomarenko,A. S. Zlatovets’ka / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2006

The paper is devoted to functional structure development of birds’ communities in individual oak consortia. The total number of birds biomorphs and proportions of their activities are determined. Contrary to the lime-tree, the oak attracts more birds-ransackers during the ontogenesis.

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Характеристики биоэлектрической активности головного мозга у студентов с ограниченными возможностями здоровья на фоне сочетания когнитивной и физических нагрузок

Author(s): Ksenya Valentinovna Davletyarova,Elena Vladimirovna Medvedeva,Natalia Andreevna Ovchinnikova,Galina Sergeevna Ezhova,Leonid Vladimirovich Kapilevich / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2018

Introduction. The article investigates mechanisms of physiological motor regulation and interaction of motor and cognitive activities in disabled people. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristic features of brain bioelectric activity in students with visual or locomotor system disorders during cognitive and physical loads. Materials and Methods. The participants were students with special education needs, as well as healthy students aged between 18 and 20. They were divided into three groups. The first group consisted of students with locomotor system disorders (type 3 and 4 scoliosis); the second group consisted of students with visual disorders (high degree myopia); the third group (control) was represented by students attending physical education classes twice a week in the main group of health. The studies were carried out in two stages: the first stage (before physical activity) involved conducting a cognitive test followed by EEG recording. The second stage consisted of PWC170 test, followed by a cognitive test. Finally, bioelectric brain activity was examined by means of EEG method. Results. The results show that physical activity has a modulating effect on the cognitive sphere (in particular, on the function of attention and short-term memory) and on bioelectrical brain activity. The study indicated more significant effect on students with visual or locomotor system disorders than on healthy volunteers. In addition, the authors found that the nature, level and periodicity of physical activities, along with the formation of motor stereotypes, contribute to students' adaptation to educational activity. The authors analyzed the interrelation of psychophysiological characteristics, the effectiveness of cognitive activity and motor activity in students with disabilities and established approaches to managing the adaptation of students with special needs to conditions of inclusion by means of motor activity. Conclusions. The mutual influence of physical and cognitive activities is realized by means of developing specific activity patterns of the cerebral cortex, which is reflected in the peculiarities of bioelectrical activity.

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