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The review of: Tone Ferenc: "Ubija se premalo": Obsojeni na smrt - Talci - Ustreljeni v Ljubljanski pokrajini 1941-1943: Dokumenti. Inštitut za novejšo zgodovino: Društvo piscev zgodovine NOB, Ljubljana 1999, 323 strani, ilustr.
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The Convention on the Rights of the Child of the United Nations obliges States Parties to ensure appropriate recovery and social reintegration of children who are victims of any form of neglect, exploitation or abuse, torture or any other form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In this paper authors present legislation which regulate social protection of children and youth. Negative social reaction and inadequate reaction of the agencies of the formal control on the primary victimization is leading to the secundary victimization. Because of this special role in the realization, protection and protection of human rights, the police have. The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child expressed concern over the fact that problems still exist they always exist in terms of ethnic discrimination and intolerance, including cases of violence and discrimination in everyday life, make it increasingly difficult for children belonging to ethnic minorities, especially Roma in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Finally, the recommendations for changes of laws and practice, which would bring Bosnia and Herzegovina closer to best practice, are proposed.
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Person in the “third-age” represent a sensitive social group which is often associated with the negative connotations associated with incorrect beliefs about elderly age. Though age is only a chronological thing, in society (especially among young people) there is still some insensitivity to this “third-age” social group which affects the quality of their life. Within the current culture of hyper consumerism and celebration of so called The cult of youth, the marginalization of the third age is mostly reflected in everyday life mostly because of the lack of opportunities for closer intergenerational contact. In the focus of this work is aging, and the position of the elderly in society.. Paper describes a positive example in the practice on the example of the implementation of the course "Third Age Pedagogy" in the university study program of the Department of Pedagogy of the Faculty of Philosophy in Rijeka - the only one in the Republic of Croatia who deals with this issue. In the last part of the paper, through the qualitative methodology of the semi-structured interview of the course leader Ph.D. Anita Zovko and Ph.D. Jasminka Zloković describe their experiences and challenges in implementing the course which has in the meantime become a mechanism for intergenerational connectivity in the local community. Through the implementation of the study program, significant progress has been made in sensitizing the young to the third age and making a step forward in terms of the preventive effect of marginalization of the third-age people.
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At the beginning of the 21st century peer violence became one of the most prominent forms of misconduct in our society. The worrying fact is that an increasing number of victims of peer violence among elementary school students. Inadequate communication with children by parents, providing material satisfactions, lack of authority often tell children to enter into various forms of asocial behavior, which is often aggression, but also an initial step towards more serious forms of delinquent behavior. Also, schools in the last few years have not found ways to correct the dysfunctional behavior of students who are most likely to become criminal offenders later on. The very cause of such socially unsuitable behavior needs to be sought and identified even in elementary school. The aim of this paper is to present an idea in the form of a pilot project entitled "School of Election" which deals with the prevention of this complex and socially dangerous phenomenon.
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On the basis of widely collected sources and the book Santa messa i miei fucilati, written by the Italian priest Don Pietro Brignoli, the author identifies the names of places where, during a great Italian offensive, in summer 1942, the 2nd Regiment of the 21st Infantry Division, also known as "Granatieri di Sardegna", shot more than ninety captured civilians and partisans. The names of the victims are also quoted.
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The author presents the ways of collecting data on the victims of the Second World War in Slovenia, especially those used by the Commission for the Investigation of the War Crimes Committed by the Occupiers and their Collaborators in Slovenia. He stresses the crucial significance of the 1989 round table, "The Victims of the Second World War in Slovenia", which was a great step towards integral treatment of all the Second World War victims, without classification as "good" and "bad". He quotes some regional lists of the victims of the both sides and presents the project of the Institute for Contemporary History for establishing the total number of the Second World War victims in Slovenia.
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According to the existing data, the Second World War in Slovenia claimed between 65,000 and 75,000 victims or 4 to 4.5 percent of the population which, in 1941, counted around 1,600,000. As a consequence of repression by the opponents of the partisan movement, between 40,000 and 50,000 partisans, their sympathizers and civilians, or 2.5 to 3.1 percent of the population, died. The forced mobilization of Slovenians into the German army took a further 10,000 lives or 0.6 percent of the population. On the side of the Slovenian opponents of the partisan movement there were over 15,000 victims or 0.9 percent of the population. Those most at risk during the war were the males of conscript age who lived in the rural surroundings of the Ljubljana province and were members of the collaborationist military formations.
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On the basis of the literature, the author presents the process of epuration, i.e. the punishment of collaborationists, in Western European countries after the Second World War. An introductory presentation of the phenomenon of collaborationism and related legal, civilizational and moral problems which both resistance movements and new democratic authorities had to face after the war, is followed by a detailed description of the ways the authorities in Norway, Denmark, Holland, Belgium, Luxemburg and France dealt with collaborationists. The data regarding the number of the collaborationists who were sentenced and executed, both with or without a trial, are also quoted.
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In the paper, the author presents his research dealing with the question of Second World War victims. The research, which has been published as a book, is based on the record of all the victims from a selected area in the former Cerknica Commune which lies in Inner Carniola. A statistical processing of the collected data offers various presentations and conclusions with regards to the interaction between the causes, circumstances, place and time of death as well as military (in)activity and the social status of the victims.
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Na Dunaju je v prostorih tamkajsnejšnje univerze od 30. novembra do 3. decembra minulega leta potekala mednarodna znanstvena konferenca o nacističnem koncentracijskem taborišču Mauthausen. Orgnizatorja prireditve sta bila Inštitut za sodobno zgodovino dunajske univerze in Avstrijska družba za sodobno zgodovino. Znanstveno vodstvo konference je bilo v rokah prof. dr. Enza Colottija z univerze v Firencah, celoten program pa je uskladil dr. Kari Stuhlpfarrer s pomočnikoma dr. Florianom Freundom in dr. Bertrandom Perzem; vsi trije so na dunajski univerzi vidni raziskovalci mauthausenske zgodovine. [...]
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The extent of sexual violence against children is still inconceivable and insufficiently explored.Criminological and legal orientation theorists are not determined to pay more attention to this security challenge as the “ invisible“ problem of society. Sexual violence against children with physical disabilities and mental disorders is a complex and perfidious form of sexual assault in which the dominant role is taken by the individual disadvantages that perpetrators use to satisfy their own sexual annoyance. From this population, perpetrators of sexual violence often recruit their victims by exploiting the psycho-physical disadvantages of children who are recognizable through various functional limitations: hearing impairment, vision, mental retardation, autism, etc. Therefore, this form of sexual harassment is particularly dangerous and interesting. Sexual inversions of perpetrators directed at children with disabilities and physical difficulties presuppose complex and subtle sexual manipulations as well as the very act of sexual contact. The key problem of marginalization of children who are victims of sexual violence is reflected primarily in psychological (emotional) and physical hurt, violation of dignity and sexual freedoms as fundamental human rights. As a counterweight there is a need for the protective function of the society, above all of the legal system, which should provide the concept of adequate protection of the diversity of categories from all forms of endangering, and especially through formal procedures in which children appear as victims, witnesses, participants, observers or otherwise involved in a sexual incident initiated by an adult. Preserving the identity of children with disabilities and physical disabilities is a crucial task of all entities and institutions in charge of promoting the protection of children's rights with the aim of preventing social labeling and further victimization. A strong sense of sensibility and responsibility of the society should be generalized. Also, the stimulation of the marginalization of children with physical disabilities and mental disabilities is further promoted by their gullibility and laconicity, lack of decision-making ability and reasoning. Criminal proceedings on sexual offenses against children are often painful and sensitive to the victim (child) and animate additional victimization that carries with it and various repercussions. Explicit compliance with procedures and protocols that are a structural part of the criminal investigation and the previous procedure, that is, the early stage of collecting the necessary information from the victim of sexual violence (child) and other anticipated actions can cause a progressive reaction, impulse and worsening behavior, which contributes to the appearance of malicious consequences and an additional level of trauma with a child who is a victim of sexual violence. A specific system of access to a child who is the victim of sexual violence starts from the first-degree measures, that is, from the moment of the knowledge that sexual violence has been committed. The most important issue that needs to be solved at this stage is an adequate methodology that will temporarily prevent the feeling of child's marginalization, the impression of neglect, or the violation of the child's dignity, which should be insisted on in all subsequent stages of the criminal procedure. The aim of this paper, while respecting theoretical and methodological approaches, is to present the intensity of marginalization of sexually abused children with disabilities and physical difficulties through the criminal procedure for the criminal offenses of sexual violence against children, as well as proposals for solutions that will aim at minimizing the unnecessary harmful effects that children- victims of sexual violence are exposed in criminal proceedings.
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Znanstveno posvetovanje: Stradanje Jugoslavena u drugom svjetskom ratu - Jasenovac, 27.-29. oktobra 1989
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The review of: Vladimir Žerjavić: Gubici stanovništva Jugoslavije u drugom svjetskom ratu, Jugoslovensko viktimološko društvo, Zagreb 1989, XII + 188 str.
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Crime can be discussed in the legal, criminological and social context. The aim of the work is to present the problem of health disorders, emotional state of adults who have experienced a crime. The general psychological norms established scientifically in relation to the phenomenon of being a victim make us think that its behavior, the way of reporting and thus presenting one’s person during the interrogation may be far from the expectations of the judicial authorities and law enforcement agencies. The work contains a description of practical guidelines serving to understand the role of situational factors in the interrogation that may affect the way of reporting and, therefore, can influence the way of fulfilling the role of the interrogated person.
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The review of: Carlo Schiffrer, La Risiera. »Trieste«, št. 44, julij — avgust 1961. Trst 1961.
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The bloody conflicts accompanying the collapse of Yugoslavia in 1991–1995 have become one of the extremely interesting, recurrent subject in the (post)Yugoslav drama and theatre. The female artists and playwrights also leap at a chance to abreact the horrors of war. Their engaged art and writing defined by a syntagma: (anti)war female dramaturgy arises interest, because it is situated/placed in the opposition to the masculinist mode of describing armed conflicts, their side effects and consequences. The paper presents three categories of contemporary (post) Yugoslav female drama heroines who represent three role models in war narratives: Victims – Alienated – Agents. The analytical part of a paper consists of three parts.
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Zestaw materiałów opatrzony wspólnym tytułem Everyday Racism jest adresowany do studentów uzupełniających studiów magisterskich studiujących kierunki humanistyczne/ jednolitych studiów magisterskich. Przedstawione ćwiczenia mogą być wykorzystane przede wszystkim do pracy z grupami studentów socjologii, politologii, historii, ewentualnie filmoznawstwa oraz zarządzania kulturą i mediami.
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The author’s short analysis of the socio-economic makeup of the prisoners who perished in the Jasenovac concentration camp shows that their total number partially corresponds to the analogous makeup of the society. Classification according to nationality shows a disproportion both in the number of the victims and in the socio-economic groups of the victims. The work is intended to broach several questions for future examination, which will deal with this problem in the broader context of the massive destruction of the population in the Independent State of Croatia.
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The paper speaks about direct demographic losses among the Croatian war veterans of the Dubrovnik-Neretva County in the Homeland War (1991-1995), this on the basis of available statistic data and relevant literature. It has been established that 245 Croatian defenders were either killed, murdered or died of the war consequences (injury, disease, suicide and other causes), which makes 0.3% of the total population of the Dubrovnik-Neretva County. Of the total number of the perished Croatian war veterans of the Dubrovnik-Neretva County, 177 or 72% of them belong to the Defense Office of Dubrovnik, which speaks about the intensity of combat activities in the Dubrovnik area. The Neretva Valley or the Defense Office of Metković accounts for 63 casualties or 26%, while the Defense Office of Korčula recorded 5 or 2% casualties. The structure of demographic losses according to the year of death clearly indicates to their space, time and age-sex selectivity. According to the number of the killed or missing soldiers of the Croatian Army, the year 1991 particularly stands out when 121 or 51% of soldiers were killed.
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