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TIME WORK FOR ORGANIC WINE CONSUMERS IN ROMANIA. FROM CELEBRATORY TO CUSTOMARY

Author(s): Oana Mara Stan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

This study tracks the social construction of time narratives in social media posts of marketers of organic and biodynamic wine. It attempts to elucidate how time cues and storytelling offer motives that can convince the emerging clientele of discerning customers. The study hence aims to discover time-related narrative affordances that underlie organic wine purchasing decisions. A total of 42 marketers’ texts, 211 hashtags and 26 blog posts belonging to a total of 14 organic and biodynamic wine makers were selected using netnography and grounded theory, following criteria of visibility and attractiveness. The thematic analysis yielded 7 categories of time narratives. The findings section reveals their dimension as sense-making rhetoric devices and drivers of buying decisions. These temporal cues capture a forlorn time infused when winery was a craft, not an industry and portray wine as nostalgic forget-me-not, mental postcard and moment-catcher in the temporal scaffolding of holidays, as well as everyday occurrences. Posts construct organic wine as savoir-vivre and wine lovers as bon viveurs, in relationship to the application of time-proof routines and know-how. With organic wines associated to slow living and foodie activism, time narratives as projects of moral authentication are presented. The empirical investigation offers input to organic wine marketers who select the style and wording of their promotional rhetoric to persuade consumers to pass from celebratory, occasional buying to steady commitment. It discusses time narratives that singularize authenticity as drivers of brand distinctiveness and differentiation.

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DEMOGRAPHIC CRISIS AND DEPOPULATION IN RURAL AREAS

Author(s): Vasile Gogonea / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The presented article establishes a series of essential coordinates regarding the demographic crisis and the depopulation in the rural area of our country, drawing attention to the fact that the Romanian village has always proved a landmark of our troubled history, that hidden secret of the soul of our Romanian nation. It was emphasized that Romania gives us the image of a country with an ever poorer population, increasingly old and more prone to migration to other countries, in search of a job, this being true, especially in the case of young people. In this way, a negative natural increase is recorded, which leads to the capture of phenomena and socio-demographic processes that attract attention and concern, especially when the results of the population census are underlined and interpreted. It becomes increasingly obvious that the villages, with their windows in which the collective memory breaks, seem to plunge into a valley of desolate carelessness, when impossibility seems to have included those who can, but will not, like those who they want, but cannot do something concrete for the benefit of the community. This causes the majority of the population to lose their identity and be reduced to the indoctrinated herd state and oriented in a specific direction to mass psychology.

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PORT AND INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES IN DOUALA – CAMEROON: SOCIO-ECONOMIC MUTATIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

Author(s): Banboye Gilbert Fondze,Arsène Delors Foyet Gankam / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Port establishments can have several repercussions on the environment. From the social and economic perspectives, they can contribute to job creation, attract investments and create several opportunities for the development of the territory. Environmentally speaking, however, they can have several negative impacts such as pollution, accident and over concentration of population thus leading to overcrowding and promiscuity. The objective of this work is to show the socio-economic influence of the Douala autonomous port on the town. Economic capital of Cameroon, the most populated town and the main entry and exit port of the Central African Sub-Region, Douala is a port town whose existence and functioning are regulated by the port. The general methodology used for this work is divided into two complementary parts comprising of a review of literature in the archives of the autonomous port of Douala (APD) and those at the National Ports Authority (NPA), as well as a guided internet research for the collection of additional data. Then, field surveys of the population of the town and institutions and resource persons related to the management of the port led to the collection of empirical data on the functioning of the port and its place in the lives of residents of the town. The main results show a number of direct jobs created by the port of Douala as well as those linked to related activities to the presence of the port, and the influence of the port on mobility and migratory behaviour of individuals, not overlooking other investments equally linked to the presence of the port in the town. It also brings out the different negative impacts of the presence of the port in the town of Douala.

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Usługi kulturalne w małych miastach

Author(s): Stefania Środa-Murawska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2013

This paper describes the use of cultural services in small Polish towns against other towns and cities taking into account the cultural sector represented by museums, cultural centers, cinemas and libraries. The study was based on CSO data urban centers with less than 20 thousand inhabitants. It was found that some changes in the availability and use of facilities providing cultural services in small towns are consistent to those seen in larger cities.

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Investigating Age and Gender Stereotypes

Author(s): Andreea Acasandre,Diana Bancov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This research focuses on the presence of stereotypes regarding age and gender, using as case study the book Cities for people, by Jan Gehl. Recognized worldwide as one of the most important supporters for the rapprochement of the public urban space towards its citizens, Jan Gehl dedicated most of his career to the importance of the human factor in the planning of cities. This study represents a content analysis of the ways in which the characters from the Cities for people book are being presented according to gender and age. The research represents a quantitative analysis of all the images in the book, comprising individuals or groups of people (collective characters) involved in different types of actions. The results of the study highlight an a relatively equal presence of both genders (48.8% feminine characters and 51.2% masculine characters). Most of the images present individual characters, which gives us the opportunity to clearly see their general image, socio-demographic characteristics (relative age and gender) or carried actions. However, there is a significant percentage of nearly 21% of the images in which the characters are presented as part of a crowd, as collective characters, which causes an increased degree of un-individualization. Even in these cases, non the less, there can be frequently observed a relatively homogeneous mass of people, most of them male adults. The biggest discrepancy highlighted by the study of the images of this book is with regard to the distribution of the main age categories (children, adolescents, adults and seniors). When it comes to these categories, Cities for people gives a greater attention to the adults, a category of people which is present in nearly 50% of the images. The other 50% is divided between children, adolescents and seniors, the most disadvantaged of them being, surprisingly, the children’s category (present in only 12.1% of the images).

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REVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL PARKS LOCATED AT THE COUNTY TOWNS OF THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAIN REGION

Author(s): Gergő Kun / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2020

In this study, the author gives an overview on the current situation of the industrial parks established in the county seats of the Northern Great Plain region, how the demand for these facilities developed after the change of regime, and what regional development and industrial development policy initiatives affected the structure. The company-level mapping of the examined industrial parks has been processed, just like the analysis of the financial and employment data of the settled companies within these facilities. The author also gives an overview about the Modern Cities Program, what this program can offer to the Northern Great Plain region county seats, especially in case of industrial development projects.

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Kaimo bendruomeninės organizacijos Lietuvoje: teritorinė tinklo analizė

Author(s): Simona Ščerbinskaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4/2020

Rural areas in Lithuania have been experiencing negative changes for some time now: over three decades, the rural population has decreased by 270 thousand; moreover, 2011 data shows that more than 4 rural settlements were no longer inhabited. Rural community organizations (RCO) are often identified as one of the effective tools that can slow down these negative changes and enable development of rural areas. Based on similar essential elements (social capital, identity, leader) RCO can be considered as an institutionalized form of community. They both depend on human resources and their relationships. In 2020, total of 1,887 rural community organizations were registered in Lithuania, their network consisted of 1,745 rural settlements. 118 of these had more than one RCO in their territory, as a result, rural community organizations were clustered in area. The estimated average distance between RCO was 3.7 kilometers. The analysis revealed that a statistically significant part of the RCO is concentrated near municipal administrative centers: at a distance of 10 kilometers from them (that is, 37.3% rural areas of the country), 45.2% of all rural community organizations are concentrated. Due to demographic trends, territorial disparities in representation occur: the smallest representation is in the suburban municipalities near the big cities, and the highest one is in the sparsely populated municipalities of South-Eastern and Northern Lithuania.

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Demografinė situacija Lietuvos kaimiškose savivaldybėse

Author(s): Erika Čepienė,Angelija Bučienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: -/2020

The researchers from Lithuanian Institute of Agrarian economics confirmed that classification of Lithuanian regions by rurality into 5 groups is a more comprehensive method to reveal economic and social differences of the regions than the method used by the government at the present by classifying regions in to the problematic and non-problematic regions (Melnikienė et al., 2011). The object of the research – municipalities of different rurality degree. The objective of this paper – to analyze population density and demographic situation from 2011 to 2018 changes in municipalities of different rurality degree in Lithuania. Our research has revealed, that on average rural municipalities cover area 10 times larger than urban municipalities and 1,2 times larger than semi-urban municipalities. Taking into account population density, natural population change, net migration, old-age dependency ratio in 2011 and 2018, it was found that 10 municipalities are improving, 19 municipalities - unchanged and 16 municipalities - worsening.

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An Analysis on the Role of Urban Land Market in Spatial Development of Cities: A Case Study of Mashhad, Iran

Author(s): Jafar Mirkatouli,Reza Samadi / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

The purpose of this paper was to study the role of the urban land market in the spatial development of Mashhad. In this study, factors such as the status of buying and selling land, standard deviation of habitants’ income, changes in green space, land-use realization rate, and building violation formed the indicators for appraising the land market. The MORRIS model was used to evaluate the rate of development of this case study in three general groups, namely economical, social-cultural, and spatial-physical. The TOPSIS model was also used in classifying the development of each urban district. The effect of each development indicator on the general development was attained by using multivariate regression. The results showed that the economical development indicator has the highest effect on total development of the district. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to study the relationship between each indicator of the urban land market and the development of neighborhoods in this district. The sale indicator for the effect of the urban land market on urban district development was evaluated by the causal modeling method, which has the highest influence on the spatial development in Mashhad. In fact, owing to the price of land in some neighborhoods, selling and buying of land increased – it resulted in land speculation, development of some parts of the district, and reduction of spatial equality among neighborhoods. It is suggested that introducing a more accurate tax system can reduce urban land speculation.

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Note preliminarii asupra raportului dintre factorii interni și externi în geneza statelor românești Țara Românească și Moldova

Author(s): Alexandru Madgearu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/2020

The first part of the study examines the reasons of the backwardness of the state genesis: the absence of an urban or rural elite after the withdrawal of the Roman administration from Dacia; the destruction by the Avar domination of the Gepidic kingdom, who was evolving on a similar way like the western Germanic kingdoms which enabled the survival of the state organization in Italy, France and Spain; the Hungarian conquest which interrupted the evolution toward a state organization in the western part of the Romanian territory. The second part of the study begins with an overview of two neighbor cases of state genesis, illustrative for the external or internal factors of their emergence: Bulgaria and Serbia. The comparison concerns the origin of the elite which built those states, a foreign one in Bulgaria, a local one in Serbia. The study continues with a discussion on the origin of the Romanian noble class of the boiars, whose name was inherited from the period of the Bulgarian domination north of the Danube. This elite of landowners existed before the establishment of the state organization, on the entire territory peopled by Romanians. The first attempt of organization of a Romanian state in the region south of Carpathians failed in 1279 (the voievode Litovoi from northern Oltenia rebelled against Ladislas IV), but the new offensives of the Golden Horde created a favorable situation for the detachment of the Romanians from the vassalage ties, began with the rebellion of Făgăraș (1291) and ended with the victory of Basarab against Charles Robert in 1330. In Moldavia, the local population was under the rule of the Golden Horde, and it is possible that enjoyed a certain autonomy. The offensives of the Hungarian armies in 1345-1346 were followed by the establishment of a mark in the valley of the Moldova River, led by the Romanian noblemen Dragoș, from Maramureș. This was the kernel of the future Moldavian state.

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FINANCING PUBLIC EDUCATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

Author(s): Tatiana Manole / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

In this article we wanted to inform the reader about the process of financing education in the Republic of Moldova. Although the number of educational institutions and the number of pupils / students is decreasing, the state budget increases the allocations for this branch from year to year. This effort of the state budget must change the content of education by increasing the quality and performance in this area of priority importance for the state. We have demonstrated the increase of budgetary resources by increasing the amounts of value norms for a weighted student and for an institution, starting with 2014, the year in which in the Republic of Moldova pre-university education moved to a new funding methodology - based on standard cost per weighted student.

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PERSPECTIVES OF AGRICULTURAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT THROUGH IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART TECHNOLOGIES (REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA CASE)

Author(s): Nelli Amarfii-Railean / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

Digitalization of agriculture aims at optimizing the IT knowledge and technologies in order to achieve long-term stability of agricultural production, environmental protection and consumer security. Sustainable agriculture can be achieved through management strategies that assist the producers in selecting hybrids and varieties, soil conservation practices, biodiversity conservation, and pest management systems. In other words, the purpose of digital agriculture is to minimize the negative impact on the environment by producing a stable level of production and profit. The objective of this research is to analyze the state of affairs of the agricultural sector in the Republic of Moldova and to examine digital technologies as effective solutions for the sustainable development of the agriculture.

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STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

Author(s): Georgiana-Gabriela Iacobuță / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of strategic planning in the development of public transportation. Therefore, we conduct a short literature review concerning the relation between strategic management, in general, and the development of public transportation, and, more specifically, different aspects of strategic planning in relation to the development of public transportation. We include both theoretical views on the subject and empirical studies in different regions and states which show the effect of strategic planning on the changes related to public transportation.

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THE ROLE OF SMALL TOWNS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Author(s): Mihail Lupașcu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The sustainable regional development is an imperative assumed by the Republic of Moldova in front of the European Union for equitable distribution of development opportunities throughout the country. In Republic of Moldova, the role of small towns in the context of regional development is discussed in several strategic documents, in the regional development policy, priority is given to small towns, which ensure social, economic and territorial cohesion with the rural areas higher, compared with the middle cities. The achievement of this goal is supported by development projects, with an increased impact on rural communities as well. This article will research the country's policy framework and development strategies to identify, separately, cities that can become poles of economic growth and cities as urban development poles for balanced regional development rather than development peripherals proposed so far in the Republic of Moldova.

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THE ROLE OF GRAZING ON LANDSCAPE DEGRADATION IN THE SABGABAMUNKA AREA, CAMEROON

Author(s): Tankie Quinta Shegwe,Clement Anguh Nkwemoh,Sirri Erika Suh,Shey Dominic Nforya,Wirsiy Destain Yungsi,Tchana Christian Brice / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The Sabga-Bamunka Area is a vivid example of areas in Sub-Saharan Africa where grazing has resulted in conspicuous landscape deterioration. Landscape degradation is quite visible over the globe but the manifestations of degradation on rangelands remains complex and varied from one place to another. This study is therefore carried out to assess the effects of grazing activities on the landscape of the Bamunka-Sabga Area. The methodology that has been adopted in this research is both deductive and inductive. The data used have been obtained from primary sources through field measurements, observations, photographs, and administration of questionnaire, focus group discussions and interviews. The study also made use of topographic map, satellite images, Landsat ETM of study Area. Data was then treated with the use of GIS and Computer Assisted Cartographic soft wares such as QUANTUM GIS, ArcGIS, and ADOBE illustrator. The processed data were then presented in the form of; tables, graphs, histograms and synoptic charts as well as maps. The study reveals that cattle’s rearing is the main triggering force of the landscape degradation processes. This has been seen through the numerous erosional forms, reduction in vegetal cover, and recurrent/ incessant mass-movements. It was equally clearly deduced that the carrying capacity of the area is overstretched resulting in overgrazing, as a result of increasing numbers of herds that graze on the commons. The quest of the growing population to obtain a living as well as improving on the economy of the area has overtasked the environmental resources. The solutions proposed involve strategies to prevent and control landscape degradation. These solutions are sustainable and fall within the ability of the local inhabitants and the economic context of our nation. There is thus the need for concrete environmental management plans that can meet the taste of time in the short, medium and long term for present day Sabga-Bamunka area.

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СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ САМОЧУВСТВИЕ РАБОТАЮ Щ ИХ МАТЕРЕЙ: СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ

Author(s): T. V. Blinova,A. A. Vyal’shina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2020

The article investigates problems of combining paid employment and maternity. The theoretical approaches presented in the economic and sociological literature explaining the conflict of social roles of women’s “work and maternity” are analyzed. The differences in the positions of rural and urban mothers with children in the labor market are estimated. The empirical base of the study is the data of 26 waves (2017) of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey RLMS-HSE. The article discusses the socio-demographic and economic factors that promote and hinder the effective combination of work and motherhood. It is noted that discrimination of working mothers in the labor market is not a new form of social inequality. It is shown that the risk of unemployment increases with the increase in the number of children in the family. It is concluded that rural women are highly concerned about the risks of job loss, difficulties in employment and low material well-being of families. At the same time, working mothers living in rural areas are more satisfied with life than urban women. It is concluded that it is necessary to strengthen the social protection of women with children, increase their employment opportunities and develop the social services market in rural areas.

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DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL WORKFORCE IN ROMANIA AND HUNGARY, ESPECIALLY IN THE PERIOD AFTER THE ACCESSION TO THE EU

Author(s): Szeréna Nagy / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2021

Agriculture is a vital activity that plays a key role in the food security of the population, has an impact on regional and local ecosystems and is a tool for the economic development of every country. Accession to the European Union had a serious impact on the agricultural performance of the accessing countries, and had an effect on the fluctuation of agricultural employees. The proportion of the population living in rural areas is also declining in Romania, Hungary and the European Union, as the primary source of subsistence in rural areas is agriculture, which is a less attractive alternative to the more competitive sectors provided by urban areas. As a result of the above mentioned processes, the structure of agricultural workforce is constantly changing and deteriorating, and for the young generation, agriculture and rural life are not a viable alternative for the future. An aging tendency can be observed for the agricultural workforce. The aim of the presented study is to examine and present the situation of the agricultural workforce in Romania and Hungary, the transformation of its structure in recent years, especially in the years following the EU accession, and to draw some important conclusions, which include the most important past trends and also provide future perspectives and suggestions in relation to the topic under study.

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ЖЕНСКОЕ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВО В СЕЛЬСКОЙ МЕСТНОСТИ: ИСТОЧНИКИ РАЗВИТИЯ, ПОДДЕРЖКА СЕМЕЙНОГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА (ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ КРУГЛОГО СТОЛА, ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ ДУМА ФС РФ, 10 ФЕВРАЛЯ 2020 Г.)

Author(s): Marina Yurievna Milovanova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2020

The results of the round table discussion “Women’s entrepreneurship in rural areas: sources of development, support for family entrepreneurship” (the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, February 10, 2020) are analyzed in the article. An attempt is made to answer the questions concerning what goes away, changes, and what remains in the division of labour and power relations, the role of the state (macro environment), as well as communities and individuals as actors of social change (meso and micro environment) in development of small and medium enterprises in rural areas. The following questions are under consideration in the article: the role of communities combined with values and career development factors of women’s business activity, rationalization and communicative action. It is concluded that there is a need for comprehensive long-term development planning of rural remote areas and the use of scientific methods to increase the share of rural residents and their business activity. The country specifics of the new gender order formation looks promising as a gender-balanced model, reflection of which family entrepreneurship could be.

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THE INTERACTION BETWEEN RISKS AND VULNERABILITIES IN ROMANIAN AGRICULTURE AND ITS IMPACT ON AGRICULTURAL ENTREPRENEURS

Author(s): Irina-Gabriela Rădulescu,Irina Barbu (Simionescu),George Enescu / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2020

Agricultural activities are affected by the decisions that farmers make every day. The factors that are decisive in making decisions cannot be foreseen with great accuracy. The purpose of this study is to explore the psychosocial and contextual factors that are related to agricultural entrepreneurs. Respondents were given the opportunity to be as honest as possible about what they believe is preventing them from achieving high performance in managing their agricultural activities. The risk and stress factors and, respectively, the methods of measuring their impact were taken into consideration, choosing various characteristics such as the typology of the factors, the duration of the manifestation, the intensity of the felt effect, the frequency of the contact of the people with the factors. The study found that there is concern and attractiveness for this economic sector, but entrepreneurs are faced with various phenomena that most often tend to decrease their performance.

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ADOPTION OF PRECISION FARMING TECHNOLOGIES: USA AND EU SITUATION

Author(s): Donika Maloku / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2020

Through this article, the author aims to identify the adoption rates and types of precision farming technologies embraced by farmers in the USA and the EU. Research papers in relation to the adoption of precision agriculture technologies were collected and divided into two groups, according to their geographic region: USA and EU. Books, scientific articles, reports and conference papers were reviewed and studied. Likewise, the material about the adoption of precision agriculture technologies was accumulated. The level of adoption in the USA differs from one state to another. The percentage rate of adoption is higher in the Southern States, and the overall adoption of precision agriculture technologies reaches to about 91%. United Kingdom, Denmark and Germany have higher rates of adoption compared with other countries in the EU. Similarly, the percentage rate of adoption is higher in the USA in comparison with EU countries. In the USA prevails a diversification of precision agriculture technologies adopted by US farmers. On the contrary, in the EU, the majority of research papers reported mainly some level of adoption of yield monitors/mapping and variable rate technologies for applying inputs.

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