Kontvõõrana vanas eesti pulmas
Review of: Vanaaja pulm. Valitud tekste ja pilte 16. sajandi keskpaigast 19. aastasaja viimase veerandini. Kokku seadnud Ants Hein. Tallinn: Tänapäev, 2018. 423 lk.
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Review of: Vanaaja pulm. Valitud tekste ja pilte 16. sajandi keskpaigast 19. aastasaja viimase veerandini. Kokku seadnud Ants Hein. Tallinn: Tänapäev, 2018. 423 lk.
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The following biobibliographical article is dedicated to the writer Ion Popescu-Sireteanu, one of the active collaborators of the periodical “Annals of Bukovina” and is signed by the former editor-in-chief (1993–2018) of the academic periodical from Rădăuţi. The biographical excursion is followed by a presentation of the writerʼs preferred fields of scientific activity, illustrated by his contributions to the knowledge of the life and work of personalities of modern, classical and contemporary Romanian literature, through studies and researches of linguistics, ethnography and folklore and of cultural history. Several articles published in the “Annals of Bukovina” capitalize on his field surveys regarding the toponymics of Bukovina. Interesting are the belletristic works (stories, fables, short prose, pamphlets and poems) signed by Ion Popescu-Sireteanu, some of them being printed in several editions. Several original writings, dedicated to the Romanian village on the outskirts of Bukovina from the 4th–5th decades of the last century, are representative for the author from many points of view: the plot structure, the art of storytelling, the artistic and documentary value. Others, such as the funny stories in the volume Păcală și ai săi (1994), are intended mainly for children and young people, often transposing events and characters into contemporary times. The volume File de jurnal, 1985–1990 (2018) offers interested users a lot of information, managed by a sensitive author, dramatically marked by events: “For a long time I feel a permanent weight on my soul. Iʼm looking forward and all the paths, all the light sources, are closed to me. I live by chance, like a human being carried away by giddy waves. I donʼt know how long this state will last, nor if it will be able to be easily remedied. In any case, we are in a time of total disorganization. [...] Our lives evolve from bad to worse”. (December 1, 1985, December 9, 1985). In his verses, intertwined by “an invading lyricism”, Ion Popescu-Sireteanu reveals himself to us as “a candid soul, an incurable romantic, immune to all models and pictures”. The article ends with the main critical references to his life and work.
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One of the most important tools when trying to establish a link between the past and the present is the study of historical novels. As Norbert Elias stated in his relational sociological work, The Civilization Process, written in 1939, civilization is actually a process of democratization and learning to tolerate polyphony in social relations – including sports – without the need for violence. However, his predictions about the development of democracy in proportion to the transfer of the monopoly of violence from the society to the state, unfortunately, could not be realized. As intolerance increased, people continued to show their reactions in different ways, whether physical or not, both in the public and private spheres. The main problem of the research presented here, in this context, is the gradual decline of tolerance as well as the polarization of human relations in various forms and ways in society. In this study, wrestling culture was interpreted as relational sociologically, especially from the legendary hero of Battalname Epic from Anatolian folk culture, Battal Gazi, using Elias and his figurative sociology. While examining the novel Battal Gazi, written by Ziya Şakir (2007), as a historical narrative analysis, in this qualitative research, duality and essentialism were rejected, while ambiguities, especially "liminality" and differences were emphasized. In the study, it has been found that historical events are reconstructed by both the author and the readers, and even inevitably by the researchers, self-reflectively. In the study, the characteristics of Battal Gazi as a historical hero who skillfully uses wrestling as a combat sport have been tried to be shown based on the novel.
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Friedrich Daniel Wahr (1749−1827) was a pastor of a Baltic German origin, a representative of the Enlightenment movement, who over his lifetime provided a great contribution to the development of Latvian literature and folkloristics. F. D. Wahr had studied at the Frederick’s College and the Albert University (Albertus Universität) in Konigsberg (now Kaliningrad), where he supposedly came in touch with the ideas of Pietism and Enlightenment. Straight after he graduated from the university, he went to Livonia and in an unusually short time was ordained as a pastor for the parishes of Palsmane and Aumeistari, where he worked all his life. Along with the activities of the pastor, F. D. Wahr actively worked as a translator both localising German texts and writing his own texts. The most important work of the pastor is his and Gustav Bergmann’s (1749−1814) book Palcmariešu dziesmu krājums (Song Compilation of Palsmane Inhabitants, 1808) published in Rūjiena, which at that time was the biggest collection of folk songs compiled by one individual (413 folk songs). It was also the first collection that was structured in chapters. The author of this article has examined whether and to what extent F. D. Wahr has ben an innovator or rather a follower taking into account the context of the time period. The author has also questioned to what extent these were occasional activities and to what extent it was goal-orientated work. The author has gathered the data on Palsmane and its surroundings in terms of the social and cultural aspects at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, which so far have not been studied. The author has also listed the literary works of F. D. Wahr providing an insight, as well as brief reflections on the creation of the Song Compilation of Palsmane Inhabitants.
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The article summarizes the motives for lifestyle migration from the city to the village of back-to-the-land migrants in Bulgaria. Among these motives are the search for and the achievement of self-realization through the initiatives initiated and the pursuit of a better and quality life. The survey shows that in the majority of respondents there is a contradiction between the notions of life in rural areas and its actual implementation. Achieving economic sustainability through the activities undertaken a major challenge, and the migrants develop different strategies to deal with it.The existence of their initiatives in the unstable context of the culture of capitalism is important for their development. Despite the difficulties, the various models that the representatives of the back-to-the-land movement are developing can serve as an example of the implementation of positive transformations in rural areas.
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The choice of where to live is also a choice of how to live (Hoey 2006: 366). The change of one’s place of residence appears to be crucial as the new place upbrings and guarantees the longed-for change in one’s lifestyle. Examples taken from the Slovak ecovillage of Zajezova and the Bulgarian village of Zhelen verify this. Migrants from civic environments who settled in thosetwo villages take care of their authentic selves, being conscious of and purposefully living in harmony with their values. They believe that the individual should delimit himself of the social expectations to find out what is authentic. They make this true they begin to live alternatively to the commonly adopted civic lifestyle. Being alternative is shown through the following key aspects: close relation to nature, conscious consumption, and production. Activities and attitudes related to these three aspects appear to be a toolkit for forming alternative identities and for becoming part of a community with similar values. How are these identities characterized and how do they manifest themselves in everyday practice? To answer this research question the article draws on the production and consumption practice of lifestyle migrants in Zhelen and Zajezova.
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The study presents a specific case of a family that moves to the countryside after retirement. Following the development of the narrative of the interlocutors, the author’s interpretations, in the first place, focus on the way in which the selected village (Pchelarovo) is positioned in the local context, in a network of relevant settlements. At the next stage, the specific situation is placed and made meaningful in the context of the life stories of my interlocutors, who build an argumentative line explaining their choice to move to the countryside. The meanings of the village and rural life derived from these contextualizations then unfold against the background of the everyday life of my interlocutors in the village. The aim of the author’s interpretations is to stay close to their sources, as the case unfolds through the narratives of the interlocutors, who are called to construct memories, set meaning and help to establish identity.
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The aim of the article is to present within the context of urban-rural migration the role of mobility between the village and the city in structuring the everyday life of the household members in the implementation of different activities related to work, education, leisure, social contacts and consumer practices. Therefore, various examples of mobility patterns of individuals and families in active age – some commuting daily and others visiting the city several times a month, some travelling short distances and others visiting more remote locations – are presented. From a theoretical point of view, in the article, migration is not perceived as a“movement from one place to another” (according to the classical migration definition)but as socio-spatial lifestyle strategies and practices of multi-place connectedness based on variable engagements with rural and urban activities.
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In the last some ten years, the tendencies in the internal migrations in Bulgaria have been reversed, as the number of migrants from the city to the village is higher than that in the opposite direction. The topic of the revival of the Bulgarian village is once again gaining a positive character in the public space. These processes precisely attract research interest and are the focus of this study. It considers migration from urban to rural areas as a form of lifestyle migration. The aim is to present the new lifestyle that rural migrants are striving for and their daily experience after migration, to determine the extent to which the act of migration puts an end to the search for a better way of life and the place of the city in the new lifestyle of migrants. To achieve this goal, several main aspects of the new lifestyle will be analysed: motivation for migration and choice of destination, work, home, garden, food, children and social life.
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With Bulgaria’s accession to the European Union (and before that), hundreds of ofGermans considered and realized their settlement in Bulgaria, travelling from Germany to Bulgaria by air or land. Many of them live today in Bulgarian villages located near or far from regional cities. In the new rural environment, they continue their daily practices acquired before emigration but also introduce new activities. For some of them, travelling between routine and new destinations in Bulgaria is an integral part of their lives. The aim of the article is to enrich research on contemporary immigration in Bulgaria, presenting observations on the life of Germans in the country but also on their attitudes towards migration within the country, to other countries or black to Germany.
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Village-based intergenerational residencies in Bulgaria offer young, urban people a chance to experience village lifeways and connect with elderly village residents. The presence of such residencies appears not just to signify interest in villages as offering an alternative lifestyle, but interest in the cultural significance and sense of loss tied to village life. This article analyzes three such residencies, Granny Residence, AcceptMe in the Village, and Borrowed Village. These experimental, aspirational forms of revitalization allow participants to “play village”, adding a fascinating dimension to the larger wave of urbanites who see potential in rural spaces. Drawing on participant observation and subject-centred interviews, I compare the features of these projects and suggest that attention to residencies as forms of interaction that provide symbolic connections to rural places and people allows for a deeper understanding of what is at stake in revitalization work.
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The pandemic in 2020 played the role of a turning point for starting reverse migration to the Bulgarian villages. Many urban people began living their rural dream. It is a process of changing values and philosophy of life, risking urban amenities at the expense of connection with nature. The article traces various examples of the adaptation of global experience to local cultural features. They are viewed through the author's participation in projects for media coverage of social entrepreneurship, mapping of living places, creation of a national network for an ethical economy, and monitoring the effectiveness of social services in Bulgaria.
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The main goal of this study is to establish the nature and specifics of craftsmanship carried out in Kyustendil and its surroundings during the period of the Bulgarian National Revival. The analysis of the available source materials shows that during that period, in the development of craftsmanship in the region significant changes occur, which become the basis for the establishment of more progressive production relations in this area of the regional economy. However, the implementation of these changes is accompanied by a number of opposing factors that determine the slow pace of their implementation. This is the main reason why the establishment of these relations could not take place during the historical epoch under study.
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The article recalls lesser-known facts from the relations between the Croatian bishop Josip Strossmayer and the brothers Konstantin and Dimitar Miladinovi in the period around the publication of the collection of folk songs from 1860. The bishop is among the main supporters of the idea of Bulgarian liberation a collection with the conviction that it helps the spiritual uplift of a glorious people in the past. The work of Bishop Strossmayer is an example of political courage and cultural foresight, and he emerged as a recognized leader of Slavic unity in the long service of his spiritual fast.
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The object of the present study is an unusual iconographic composition from the German Monastery, exhibited today in the exposition of the Sofia Museum, combining the figures of our famous saints warriors St. George and St. Mina, presented at first glance in his role as savior of a girl (princess), to which St. Mina hands over keys, and two wolf dogs are tied to the stirrup of his left leg. This is a very rare theme in the iconography of the holy martyr, brought by the folk cult of St. Mina, known among all Balkan nations for his mythical rule over wolves, and the icon was commissioned because of the prayed miracle St. Mina performed for the shepherds.
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Only a fragment from the complex and vast Macedonian music folklore will be presented in this paper thru the example of the village of Istibanja, Vinica region in which very strong bond with the tradition and active performance of the customs during one year still exists. The focus of the paper will be on the customs of the spring cycle in which intermingling of the spiritual and profane segments shows unique example of amalgam between pagan, orthodox Christian and local traditional beliefs and customs. Special attention will be dedicated to the meaning of the music segment from the festivities and during the performance of the customs.
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Entering the global world of the XXI century, we are increasingly aware of the need to return to the roots, to our original nature, to not be left alone and being lost in the new global reality. In this report my aim is to identify and highlight the intangible heritage of Botevgrad, which is endangered and, what is nowadays a part of our way of life and our faith, and traditions came from grandmothers. The report is based on comparison and analysis, raises questions and is an attempt to preserve the rich intangible heritage of Botevgrad.Entering the global world of the XXI century, we are increasingly aware of the need to return to the roots, to our original nature, to not be left alone and being lost in the new global reality. In this report my aim is to identify and highlight the intangible heritage of Botevgrad, which is endangered and, what is nowadays a part of our way of life and our faith, and traditions came from grandmothers. The report is based on comparison and analysis, raises questions and is an attempt to preserve the rich intangible heritage of Botevgrad.
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Статията анализира личните имена на 1 417 българи от севернодобруджанското село Липница, както са вписани в опис-декларации от 1940 г. – по групи, честота на употреба и като източник на допълнителна информация за етно-демографските процеси в Добруджа и България.
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The desacralization of lexemes such as Бог, Господ ‘God, Lord’ in interjections and figurative meanings in Bulgarian and Russian is studied within the framework of the linguоcultural concept of linguistic picture of the world, or worldview. According to the Bulgarian spelling norms, in sacred texts Бог, Господ, Божията Майка ‘God, Lord, Mother of God’ are written with capital letters as a sign of their sacredness, and in figurative meanings, inserted and interjected phrases it is recommended to write with a small letter, probably as a sign of desacralization. There are similar prescriptions in the Russian language.
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