Художні особливості та оберегова роль українського народного весільного вінка

Author(s): Liana Bilyakovych,Olena Yuryevna Kozyreva / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 20/2011

The wreath as unalienable element of the Ukrainian traditional weddings costume in region of middle Dnieper Ukraine in the period of the end ХІХ– begin ХХ centuries. In the article a wreath is exploring as unalienable element of the Ukrainian traditional costume in region of middle Dnieper Ukraine in the period of the end ХІХ – begin ХХ centuries with the purpose of the determination of his art features and semantic value.

Художній образ як естетична категорія хореографічного мистецтва

Author(s): Irina Nikolaevna Gutnik / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 22/2012

The article defines an artistic image role in choreographic art, especially for folk dance art, some aspects of the choreographers` work at creation of an essential and artistic image.

Художня інтерпретація міфологічних мотивів у "королі лірі" В. Шекспіра

Author(s): Olena Kolesnyk / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 1/2013

The sources of the Shakespearean plots are considered to be well-studied, especially since Kenneth Muir published The Sources of Shakespeare’s Plays. Still, it seems that the Bard also indirectly borrowed the ideas from the other corpus of texts. It is especially true about King Lear. It is well-known that for the main plot of his tragedy Shakespeare utilized the Chronicles by R. Holinshed, the play The True Chronicle History of King Lear and some other texts. But all these are just different variants of the same story, first written by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his History of Britain. This work was enormously popular and became one of the books that shaped the European culture. Some passages in his tragedy suggest that Shakespeare was acquainted with this "original" story. For example, it is quite possible to trace the characters of Edgar and Edmund to Cordelia’s nephews, not only to the two princes in Sidney’s Arcadia, as it is usually stated. Thus the "two plots" of Shakespearean King Lear can be viewed as inseparable parts of one complex but completely logical fabula. Geoffrey’s text belongs to the class of pseudo-histories, that combine historical facts with both myths and fantasy. His sources are chiefly unknown; but being Welsh by origin he had an access to fragments of very ancient Celtic tradition. It was Geoffrey of Monmouth who connected the folk-tale about the father and his three daughters with the name of the Celtic sea-deity Llyr or Ler. In another text this sea-god was mentioned as the father of Creiddiladd, whose story is told in Culhwch ac Olwen, one of the tales of the Mabinogion. The story itself belongs to the lovetriangle class, very common in the British tradition. But it unique in the clarity of representation of the mythologeme of the War of the Seasons / War of the Middle-world and Otherworld. Shakespeare echoes the myth in such motifs as Cordelia’s two suitors; the rivalry of the "northern" and the "southern" dukes; the opposition of the "lawful" and "unlawful" brother; and the final war of the two "superpowers". In the tragedy we can see all the cosmological implications, present in Culhwch ac Olwen, but absent in the numerous pre-Shakespearean tales of the old king and his daughters. There are quite numerous other parallels that suggest Shakespeare’s acquaintance with the tales of Mabinogion. Of course the extent of this knowledge is difficult to judge. One more possible source of the tragedy is Geoffrey’s Latin poem Vita Merlini. It is radically different from the History, and much less known. But it is there we can find the theme absent in the "official" sources, but all important for Shakespearean King Lear – the druidic frenzy of the self-exiled king. The protagonist of Geoffrey’s story is Merlin, a very complicated part-mythological and part-historical character, which came to be seen as one of the embodiments of Britain itself. Vita Merlini can be compared with Shakespearean plays in its cosmological character: it presents all manifestations of the terrestrial world. Besides this, there are some motifs that definitely parallel King Lear: 1) a king’s loss of common reason compensated by mystical wisdom; 2) privations the hero voluntarily suffers; 3) his refusal to return to people; 4) the cure of the madness by means of music and the consequent highly emotional reunion with the female relative(s); 5) king’s condemnation of avarice; 6) his meeting with one more inspired madman; 7) making of the "community of the wise" alternative to the profane world. All this is too much for a coincidence. It seems that Shakespeare knew either Vita Merlini or some retelling of the poem, and was attracted by its problematic. Thus King Lear becomes comparable with Merlin as a key figure of the British mythos. The well-known main source of King Lear’s "subplot" is Sir Philip Sidney’s Arcadia. But it is not the only text that could have inspired the author. Besides the already mentioned connections of Gloucester’s sons and Cordelia’s nephews, there are some parallels with the Mabinogion, including two separate mentions of the city of Gloucester in extremely interesting mythological contexts. One of these cases takes place in the story of Peredur, which (along with the tale of Ywain and some other romances) has an episode of turning of an almost-perfect knight into a mad semianimal. It is very close to Edgar’s assuming the role of an "unaccomodated man". Playing this part, he memorably mentions the hawthorn – the sacred plant, associated with Creiddiladd. We perceive that King Lear’s two seemingly heterogeneous plots, constantly refer to the British mythological and folklore tradition that unites them and brings the whole play into a corresponding context without which all the richness of the text can’t be appreciated. It can be concluded that Shakespeare’s combining the two separate plots was not arbitrary. Logically only together they form a complete story. Mythologically they explore the principles of being the "British man" and the existence of humankind in general. In the folklore studies it is well-known that a potent image can draw to itself other characters and stories. For Shakespeare Lear became just such a centric image. It imbibed so many archetypes that reached the level of an authentic mytho-epic tradition. All the characters and situations in the tragedy remain individual and alive, but at the same time they go beyond the mundane and reach the mythical. That’s why it is quite possible to compare Lear simultaneously with King Arthur and Merlin, Cordelia – with Creiddiladd, Edgar – with Perceval and so on. It doesn’t mean that Shakespeare imitated myth. He made it anew.

Хърватските бугарщици и техните български съответствия. Статии и материали. Съставител Стефана Стойкова. София: Издателство на БАН „Проф. Марин Дринов”, 2015

Author(s): Svetla Petkova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2015

Цветан Тодоров (1939–2017) – апостолът на хуманизма, мечтателят за свобода

Author(s): Valentina Sharlanova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2016

Цветок «Петров крест» (Lilium martagon L.) в контексте культа св. Ивана Рильского в регионе города Самоков, Болгария

Author(s): Rossen Malchev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 15/2017

St. Ivan of Rila (c. 876–946) is a Bulgarian hermit and saintly patron of the Bulgarian people. Today, its holy relics repose in the Rila Monastery (Bulgaria) but for several centuries they were translated in various places, including in distant lands, such as the Hungarian capital of Gran (Esztergom). The last translation of his relics was made in 1469 from Tsarevgrad Tarnovo – the capital of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom, to the Rila Monastery (located in the central part of Rila Mountain, Bulgaria). This translation of St. John’s relics was described by Vladislav the Grammarian in the so-called “Story of the Translation of St. Ivan’s relics to the Rila Monastery”. As the writer did not participate in this procession himself, the exact route of St. Ivan of Rila’s relics’ translation remains unclear to scholars today. The present paper makes an attempt to trace back the route of the relics’ translation in the region of the town of Samokov (located in the northern foots of Rila Mountain) concentrating on the possessive adjective Petrov derived from the name Peter and connected to the feast of SS Peter and Paul and to the cult of St. Peter, King of the Bulgarians. The emphasis in the research is placed on the flower „Petrov Krast” [Peter’s Cross] (Lilium martagon L.), which grows on the slopes of Rila Mountain and in the yards in the villages in Samokov region. In 2006 during the fieldwork of Ongal Association in Dospei, a neighborhood of the village of Govedartsi (Samokov region), a folk belief for Lilium margaton L. was recorded by several interviewees. The flower was viewed as a mythological prototype of the First People from the time of the creation of the world. This belief as well as the name of the flower could be seen as connected ‒ in a mutually stabilizing link ‒ to other proper names containing the possessive adjective Petrov [Peter’s] and to the objects which these names denote and which are located in the northern slopes of Samokov region, viz. the sacred place “Petrova Tsarkva” [Peter’s Church] named after St. Peter, King of the Bulgarians, and the parish churches in Samokov region dedicated to SS Peter and Paul. All these names and dedications considered as a whole, contributed to the processes of construction and (pre)semantisation of the religious and ethnocultural space of the Bulgarians in the 15th century, the first century of the Ottoman rule of the Bulgarian lands. The cult of St. Ivan of Rila had a leading place in this this reciprocating ethno-religious and ideological – political movement.

Ценността на дара или стойността на подаръка

Author(s): Petia Bankova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2016

The article presents and discusses a widely spread in the past and practiced inpresent day rite associated with the birth of the child. On one hand it draws its datafrom ethnographic sources (archival, literary and personally collected field material),presenting the custom in its traditional version, and on the other – on research conductedthrough the method of participant observation and semi-structured interviewsduring contemporary manifestations of this custom. Analyzing specific ritual elementsand focusing on gifts/presents received by the child, the author develops theidea that this custom gradually loses its characteristics as a rite of passage. Furthermore,the lack of information or its laic presentation and interpretation has resultedin the development and approbation of a „scenario“ of the custom, which leads to aprocess of deritualization and transformation so this custom becomes primarily a festivemoment, a party, a visit, an occasion for gatherings of people who, through theirpresence and especially through their gifts, support the new-born and his/her family.

Церковні коляди на сторінках тернопільських видань кінця ХХ – початку ХХІ століття

Author(s): Khristina Zajchenko / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 2/2013

The article reviews the editions with the religious carols publications that were published in Ternopil in the late XX – early XXI century. Based on the needs of their application use, grouping of these editions is made. Attention is paid to quantitative and qualitative characteristics of church carols publications and the level preparation before printing. Matters relating to the study of church carols are topical because of little researches. Only recently they have attracted the attention of scholars L. Korniy, O. Hnatiuk, A. Ivanytskyi, L.Yefremova, O. Smolyak. The review of editions with church carols publications, including regional, deserves special attention, because they are fundamental base for historical and theoretical studies. The paper reviews three groups of publications: popular, popular science and scientific. The purpose of the article is to exposure of the most meaningful printing editions the of religious carols publications in Ternopil in the late XX – early XXI century, based on their typological characteristics. Since the early 1990s, the popular collection of church carols publications (in these publications they were usually the part of the Christmas repertoire) have issued in Ternopil. The first was a collection of "Galician carols and songs" (compiled by M. Kryschuk), published in Ternopil in 1990. The collection "Christ is born, that was prepared for publication by historian I. Zelena" was appeared in 1991 in Ternopil. Apart from the stories about Christmas, the collection included folk records of church carols of R. Kramar and A. Savchuk made during the ethnographic expeditions to Western Podillia Region villages. The given collections were formed in such a way that it could be available to the general population, especially the younger generation. In this case, the compliers of these collections had drawn the attention of both the availability of verbal text and melody. In the early 1990s – it was the revival stage of caroling Christian traditions – the collections compilers (they were mostly intellectuals – regional ethnographers) were trying to organize available for children Christmas repertoire and thus provided them with the material for Christmas preparation. The aim was to draw attention of youth to caroling traditions and thus turn them to religious holidays. Since the 1990s, a common form of publications was non-fiction collections, which among other folk genres also included church carols. Actually the first presentation of such publication was a collection of "Folk Songs of the Solomia Krushelnytska village" (Bila village of Ternopil district, Ternopil region)" (compilers: P. Medvedyk, O. Smolyak). Then one by one followed such publications: "A New Joy (Christmas, New Year, Jordan holidays in Ternopil Region)" (compilers: I. Vyspinskyi, O. Pylypenko, B. Synenka and others.), "Rebel carols" (compiled by R. Kramar), "Christmas Eve: winter calendar ceremonial folklore in Ternopil Region "(compiled by P. Shymkiv). Actually religious carols are often published in collections, which represent a group of popular science books. That is why the compilers of these collections usually submit a summary the informants and the place of their existence. Since the late 1990s, the editions with church carol publications, representing a group of scientific collections started to appear. Such publications have the following characteristics: thorough introductory article with the analysis of musical and stylistic features of the songs of this genre, noted materials on modern methods of transcribing songs, detailed certification of presented material, comments and typological tables. Actually, such a group of publications launches the collection "Carols of Western Podillia" (ordering, introductory article and notes are made by G. Oleksyn). It included eighty six religious carols recorded in the Ternopil region (Western Podillia ethnographic region) during their active functioning – on Christmas holidays. It was the first time when such kind of folklore material from this region appeared in printed press. In the editorial, the author for the first time among similar regional publications drew attention to the history of formation of religious carols genre, ways of carols occurrence in the folk environment and music and style features peculiar to these carols. The collection presents the structural and typological tables of songs and their certification. Notations of song material are made with the help of modern methods of ethnic musicology. Two manuals, written by O. Smolyak "Ukrainian children's folk music" and "Folk music of Ternopil" and textbook " Swallow flew " by Z. Yaropuda represent a group of scientific publications, where religious carols are published. In particular, the "Ukrainian children's folk music" manual contains the ethnic musicology analysis of religious carols at the typological characteristics , actual material, that confirms their characteristic features, and highlights the history of the church carols origin. Also the attempt to interpret their name is made, the transformation processes that occurred during their adaptation into folk environment are examined. A collection of songs from the publications of church carols throughout the history of their publication in Ternopil are various forms of publications. Collections of songs with the church carols publications throughout the whole history of their publication in Ternopil are represented by various forms of publications. During the twentieth century church carols were totally folklorised and, since 1990, began to publish in collections like folk songs.

Церковно-музична діяльність о. П. Бажанського

Author(s): Natalia Ivanovna Kushlyk / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 19/2011

The article considers the churchy-musical activity of the priest P. Bazhanskyj (1836- 1920) – the representative of the elder generation of the priests-composers of Galicia. The multivectorial active searching of the priest P. Bazhanskyj directed towards the practical adoption of the traditional forms of the churchy singing in the greko-catholic custom are highlighted.

Циганите и изселванията на „българските турци“ (1948–1989)

Author(s): Plamena Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2017

“The Gypsies are our own, domestic problem” is a phrase attributed to the long-term former head of the old communist Bulgarian government, Todor Zhivkov. The government policy towards the Gypsy minority in communist Bulgaria is one of inclusion to the Bulgarian way of life, and its implementation is carefully tailored to the specificities of Bulgaria as a country.It is a little known fact that towards the end of the 1940’s, the Bulgarian Gypsies suddenly turn from a “domestic problem” to something much larger and thus become part of the great confrontation between the two world political camps divided by the Iron Curtain. This takes place during the emigration of the ethnic Bulgarian Turks which starts in 1948, and during which, applications for emigration are filed by both Bulgarian Turks and Muslim Bulgarian Gypsies. It is this latter ethnic minority that becomes the cause for a serious conflict between ‘communist Bulgaria’ and ‘capitalist Turkey’.This paper aims at following the events from the end of the 40’s until end of the 80‘s of the previous century as well as analyzing the consequences of the confrontation between the two neighbouring Balkan countries.

Циганите музиканти в Шумен от началото на XIX век до наши дни

Author(s): Dimitrinka Demirova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2016

Ціннісно-смислові значення вербального постфольклору

Author(s): Zhanna Denysyuk / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 30/2016

The aim of the article is to study the verbal genres of post-folklore and their values and meanings, mediated in Internet. Methodology. The methodology of the study is to apply analytical, structural, linguistic, semiotic and cultural methods to study samples of verbal genres of post-folklore, which retain the traditional narrative structure. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the research is the fact that the author is the first who identifies genre affiliation of these texts and the differences from similar genres of traditional folklore on the basis of typological characteristics of verbal post-folklore, formed and mediated by Internet communication. Conclusions. The study reveals that post-folklore texts, formed in Internet network and mediated communicative processes, focus on the distribution network as well as provide the means of overcoming social tension in society, appealing to carnival and laughter beginning.

Црепната и нејзината примена во приготнувањето на некои традиционaлни јадења во селото Матка - скопско

Author(s): Trpa Roganovic / Language(s): Macedonian / Issue: 4-5/1994

Оп the basis of mу own researches and consulting the relevant archaelogical data and other literature, I have given а survey of the arhaic vеѕѕеl "crepna" (clay casserole). It has been used in the kitchen practice not оnly in оur territories, but also more widely, outside the Baikans, ѕinсе the Neolithic. In addition to its function, I have presented several dishes that have for centuries been prepared -baked in the "crepna" in the village Matka near Skopje. In that ѕепѕе, I have described the way of preparing bread of blended flour, "pogacha" (а special kind of bread), "presnica" (unleavened pogacha), "zelnik" (а kind of pie with а filing of spinach or something else) , fish and snails. The simplicity of the dishes, the way of preparing them by baking and the archaism of the ingredients (cereals, spinach, fish and snails), lead to an assumption that they follow the continuity of the "crepna" .

Црна и бела магија као културно наслеђе: представе младих у Бору о влашкој магији

Author(s): Lidija Radulovic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 4/2017

Serbian ethnology and anthropology is missing papers on folk belief and magic practices on black and white magic. This paper problematizes research on Vlach magic as an authentic and archaic culture of the ethnic Vlachs in North-Eastern Serbia. The first part of the paper deals with theoretical concepts of magic, while the second presents the results of research on the relationship between young people in Bor towards Vlach magic, as part of traditional folk religion and archaic cultural heritage which is still relevant today.

Църковните песни на банатските българи

Author(s): Natalia Rashkova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2001

The investigation of the musical culture of Bulgarian Catholics, who have immigrated to the region of Svishtov from Banat, shows the importance of their specific church song repertory in lithurgical practice. The stability of this repertory in the collective memory for the community's culture is confirmed. The conserva¬tion in time is realized by printed books of prayers, brought from Banat and containing song texts from Croat¬ian sources, translated in Banatian dialect, as well as by orally translated song melodies. The Banatian lithur¬gicai singing is one of the factors for belonging to a local community, different from the rest of Bulgarian Catholics. The old church song tradition, brought in from Banat, is most stable in holiday masses. The author observes the place of the Banatian chants during the Christmas Catholic mass in the village of Dragomirovo in 1995. Only two of ten church songs performed are Banatian. The appendix contains a song, known from Banatian written sources from 1860, which represents the climax of the Christmas mass.

Чајот како растение и како традиционален пијалак со компаративен осврт на неговата употреба во Македонија и Узбекистан

Author(s): Vangel Kacev / Language(s): Macedonian / Issue: 7-8/1997

The tea is а cultural plant known under the name "Теа sinensis". Аѕ а non - alcoholic beverage it is of а great importance in the traditional nutrion of different nations all around the world. The tea iѕ being used for refreshment and pleasure, аѕ а remedy in the traditional medicine and it iѕ also an inevitable part of everyday meals for the most of the population in the world. The tea originates from Chinа and India and it iѕ nowadays cultivated in Аѕiа, Afriса, South America and, partly, in Europe. The greatest consumers of tea are mainlу the countries that produce it, but it is also drunk the Western and Eastern European countries, North America and all the former republics of the Soviet Union. The tea is not ѕо widely used within the Muslim population. The questions of what is the importance of the tea аѕ plant and beverage, why the Chinеѕе tea is called ''Russian''; how iѕ the tea prepared and what kind of vesseis it iѕ drunk from; to what extent it iѕ а part of the traditional nutrion in Macedonia and Usbekistan; will be considered in this work. А reason more for the presentation of this work is the author's intention to contribute modestly the development of the indigent literature concerning the tea that exist in Macedonia.

Чалгиската музичка традиција во Македонија низ примерот на Велешката чалгија

Author(s): Alexander Dimitrijevski / Language(s): Macedonian / Issue: 16/2018

The Chalgija music tradition is one of the unique segments of the Macedonian music folklore. Mostly this is due to its origin and way of incorporation in the music culture, and on the other hand ‒ because of its intermingling musical influences from the broader and wider eastern and western cultures, but also because of the repertoire, which consists of diverse music examples. In this context, the Chalgija music in Macedonia is a representative of the urban music culture mostly from the period from the second half of the 19th and first half of the 20th century. It was wide spread in most of the cities in Macedonia, but the Chalgija music tradition from Veles, being one of the most representative and most known, was the dominant represent in the Macedonian Chalgija music tradition in general. In this paper, I will try to determine the place and the role of the Veles Chalgija music tradition, its most prolific representatives- performers, and its typical repertoire.

Чествания по случай 200 години от рождението на И. И. Срезневски в Русия

Author(s): Tatyana Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 28/2014

Четвърти годишен семинар на експерти по нематериално културно наследство в страни от Югоизточна Европа (3—7 май 2010, Рамнику Вълчеа, Румъния)

Author(s): Mila Santova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3-4/2010

Review