‘Birlik ve Beraberlik’ Oyunları: Yakın Dönem Dans Sahnesinde (Sıradan) Milliyetç i Semboller ve Temalar

Author(s): Berna Kurt / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 88/2016

Since the early years of the republican regime, the folk dance stage in Turkey has been one of the reminders and the (re)constructers of the ‘national culture’. As a result of the historical synchronicity between folklore as a scientific area and nationalism as an ideology, the construction ‘from below’ of the ‘national culture’ has been an important determinant of the presentation of traditional dances on stage. Consequently, nationalist themes and symbols have always dominated the stage presentations. Symbolic usage of the Turkish national flag, photos and pictures of Atatürk and the thematic glorification of courage, manhood and martydom have been so frequent in the performances that, those banal / cliché motifs became unnoticed an unquestioned elements for the audience. They turned out to be the “reminders of the national identity” as the foundational elements of “banal nationalism” defined by Michael Billig. In this article, six traditional dance performances -mostly performed by the leading dance groups, institutions or organisations in the early 2000’s- will be analyzed. The aesthetic presentation of the “reminders of the national identity” as common features of those performances will be explored. The manifestations of “banal nationalism” on the stage like the cliché reconstructions of the nationalist symbols and themes will be examined.

‘Gezi Spirit’: Narrative Fragments and Modes of Articulation. Ethnography of Post-Protest (Istanbul 2013–2015)

Author(s): Zornitza Draganova / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

This text is based on an ethnographic study on the protests and civic initiatives that initially took place in 2013 but then continued with varying intensity throughout the following years. While applying the method of participant observation during the Gazi events’ and conducting interviews with individuals who had taken part in the protests, a main goal of this study is to grasp the transformation in the identification, articulation and presentation of important and secondary topics and problems that had been brought forward throughout the public discussions. The initial motivation of this study is the idea that after the first demonstrations and clashes, the interpretation of the political projects’ turbulence, of the reinvention of urban spaces, of the success or failure of diverse protest and resistance practices, gradually modifies the way the aforementioned events and ongoing processes are being thought and talked about. The research questions the respondents’ participation in protests, the constitution and disintegration of communities, the ‘diagnosis’, ‘prognosis’ and ‘rationale’ elements in respondents’ and informants’ micro-discourses and their acts in relation to diverse initiatives. The text attempts to systematize the observation data and the collected ‘narrative fragments’ within four ‘modes of articulation’: transformative, subjective, argumentative, and topological.

‘Roma’ migration in the EU: the case of Spain between ‘new’ and ‘old’ minorities

Author(s): Tina Magazzini,Stefano Piemontese / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

The 2004 and 2007 EU Eastern enlargements facilitated the mobility of citizens from CEE countries, including European citizens of Roma ethnicity, which in turn contributed to the Europeanization of the ‘Roma issue’. This article examines the politics of Roma ethnicity by giving a concise, yet we hope comprehensive, overview of how recent Roma migrations from EU Member States (particularly from Romania) to Spain can be understood and analysed in relation to both pre-existing policies for the Spanish Gitano communities and to wider European dynamics and structures.

‘The International of the Conquered’– The Promethean Movement and Polish Authorities during 1926 – 1939

Author(s): Paweł Libera / Language(s): English / Issue: 6/2018

“Prometheanism” meant the political cooperation of interwar Poland with non-Russian peoples and nations in Russia directed against the tsarist, and later the Soviet empire. The Promethean movement included representatives of Ukraine (Ukrainian People’s Republic – UNR), Caucasus (Georgia, Azerbaijan, Mountaineers of the Northern Caucasus), Crimean and Volga Tatars, Turkestan and nations inhabiting Finland (Ingria, Komi, Karelia), as well as a part of the Don, Kuban and Terek Cossacks. This article focuses on the relations between the Polish side and individual nations and structures of the Promethean front, on those turning moments in its development, as well as on the political and organisational evolution of the Promethean movement.

“Anti-fascism” According to Serbia’s Right Wing

Author(s): Srđan Milošević / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

“Europe in Miniature” Representations of Ethnic Diversity of Hungary in Statistics and Homeland Studies until the Revolution of 1848 – 1849

Author(s): Peter Šoltés / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

This study aims to analyse the construction and dissemination of ideas about the ethnic composition of Hungary in scholarly discourse of the first half of the “long” 19th century. I have concentrated primarily on the texts that originated in the discipline of statistics (in German Statistik, Staatskunde). It was established in the last third of the 18th century in German universities, where it soon spread to the Austrian and Hungarian academic environments. Then I observed how different ethnic groups were represented in statistics and homeland studies, and which concepts were used in their categorisation. Specifically, I examined, in what context and with what significance were the concepts of nation, nationality, folk, used, or, more precisely, their German forms of Nation, Volk, Völkerschaft, and other words and phrases derived from them. In the period studied, the statistics of Hungary or the Austrian state, as well as most of the homeland studies analysed, were published mostly in German, which at that period took over the role of Latin as the language of science also in Hungary. The period’s ethnonyms were recorded by different variants. For example, in the texts subjected to analysis, Serbs were referred to using the ethnonyms Serben, Ráczen, Illyrier, Slovaks were referred to as Slowaken, Schlawacken, Sclawaken as well as using ethnonyms related to all Slavic tribes such as Slawi, Slaven, Slawen. Hungarians were denoted in statistics and homeland studies as Ungarn, Ungern, wahre Ungarn, eigentliche Ungarn, Magyaren, eigentliche Magyaren, Madscharen, Madjaren and so on. Therefore, the variant names as captured by the period’s sources are provided in the present study in parentheses, following the current ethnonyms.

“Gagaouzes et Grecs”: Ethnic images, struggles and bridging contradicting cultural realities

Author(s): Iulian Mitran / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/2018

Instances in which trans-culturalism and hybridity are forwarded as legitimate topics for debate and analysis within our national academia are quite rare. We should not take a superficial approach to this situation, but rather find the natural bond between it and strengthening of the nationalist rhetoric across Europe. From time to time, anthropologists and amateur ethnologists find a common interest in analyzing anomalous groups, those that seem to transgress the boundaries between various diverging cultural realms. Depictions of the Gagauzians can be found scattered through numerous texts, ranging travel literature, to data that is extracted from population surveys. Even though we are talking about a multitude of sources, a well-defined outline concerning the exact limits of this nation’s cultural identity is still deeply marked by ambiguity and confusion. Our vernacular ethnic literature was, mostly, reluctant in engaging in discussions regarding ambiguous identities, those identities that emerged at the boundaries between contrasting cultural realms, thus encompassing traits vernacular to those that they came in contact with, while gradually “indigenouzing” specific sets of values. This paper is concerned with giving some insight in regard to the various instances in which Gagauzians are depicted in various works from our vernacular ethnic identity, as well as alternative ethnographic resources, mainly video footage. The main emphasis will be on those claims that seem to highlight those traits that can be, most exclusively, associate with this obscure nation. It will be interesting to note if, depending on the origin on the cited source, the time the data was written or recorded, will generate highly contradictory images regarding this nation.

“He flew on wings of Slavonic feeling to Serbia to help the Serbs in 1915”. The symbolic instrumentalization of M.R. Štefánik and Slavonic community against the background of the inter-state relations of the time

Author(s): Peter Macho / Language(s): English / Issue: 5/2016

The study analyses the symbolic instrumentalization of the national hero M.R. Štefánik in the context of the modified form of Slavonic community in the 20th century. In the inter-war period, the symbol of Štefánik was used to strengthen the Czechoslovak – Yugoslav alliance on the basis of Slavonic brotherhood. The political representatives of independent Slovakia and Croatia during the Second World War refused to build their inter-state relations on the basis of Slavonic community. From the point of view of Zagreb, Štefánik appeared pro-Serb and pro-Yugoslav, so he was an undesirable symbol for the Croats. Emphasis on the strong Slavonic and Serbophil identity of Štefánik became an instrument for Slovak opposition oriented circles to articulate their resistance to the Ľudák regime and the Slovak state.

„Nacionalizmo manifestacijos“ ir „tarybinių tautų draugystės“ ideologema. Kaunas 1944–1953 m.

Author(s): Vladas Sirutavičius / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 18/2020

This article discusses the relations between the Lithuanian citizens of Kaunas and the Russians newcomers, who came to the city after the war. The research is based on a specific archival source – letters to the government – that has so far been little used in our historiography. In letters/complaints addressed to the leaders of the Soviet Union and Soviet Lithuania, the newcomers (Moscow-deployed party figures and demobilized soldiers) often accused Lithuanians – managers, superiors and local party bosses – of bourgeois nationalism. After discussing more typical complaints, the article draws several conclusions: first, tensions in the party apparatus between Lithuanians and newcomers were stimulated by the desire of newcomers to establish themselves in the party nomenclature by removing an undesired Lithuanian competitors. The accusations of nationalism were to help compromise party members of the titular nation. Second, accusations of nationalism were fueled by the different perceptions of Soviet nationality policy. The policy emphasized the need to nominate politically credible cadres “of local nationality”. For the newcomers, the policy of promoting “of national cadres” was not in line with the publicly declared principle of “friendship of the peoples” and of “special role of Russian people in building socialist society”. Without understanding the peculiarities of national policy in Soviet Lithuania, the newcomers often motivated the practice of “promoting national cadres” with Lithuanian bourgeois nationalism. Third, despite the “proletarian internationalism” and political-ideological commonalities, there were significant cultural differences between the newcomers-party members and Lithuanians. Lithuanian managers, superiors and local party bosses considered themselves the hosts of the city, and the newcomers as outlanders. For these the “order” (dominant ethnoculture) that existed in Kaunas not only seemed different from the one that existed back in Soviet Russia, but also alien. It is no coincidence that a large number of newcomers felt that the city “lacked” Soviet power and that it “flourished with nationalism”.

„Pravi dinarci“. Crnogorci, „dalmatinski Zagorci“ i Ličani u antropogeografiji Jovana Cvijića

Author(s): Višeslav Aralica / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 7/2020

Jovan Cvijić was a Serbian scientist specialized in geology, today famous for his book „the Balkan Peninsula“ written and published in French in 1918. That book has been for decades one of the pivotal books for many historians, ethnographers and ideologists not only among Serbs, but also among other southern Slav’s intellectuals. Key role in „the Balkan Peninsula“ was given to the so called „Dinaric psychic type“, a term forged and used by Cvijić to denote the population of the Dinaric Alps. There have been many critics, particularly those from Croatia, who had emphasized the idealization of those so called „Dinarics“ in Cvijić’s work. The reason for such idealization was seen by those critics in the ideology that served as a foundation for Cvijić’s scientific system. And that ideology was regularly identified as a form of Serbian nationalism, disguised as Yugoslav nationalism. The proof for that was Cvijić’s description and idealization of „Shumadia type/group“, that is the population of the Kingdom of Serbia, in his books in which he presented his anthropology. Those were described by Cvijić as „the best“ among the „Dinaric psychic types“, a type which was seen as „the best“ of all other psychic types of the Southern Slavs. That criticism falls short of truly presenting the complex nature of Cvijić work. Indeed, there is a clear ideological fundament in his scientific system. But to say that his work simply presents the population of the Kingdom of Serbia as „the best of the best“ is oversimplification. The idealization of „Dinarics“ is produced by the reader of Cvijić’s anthropology due to his intentional choice of epic style in describing the „Dinaric psychic type“. But — and here’s the problem for his critics, but also a problem for Cvijić himself — this idealization via epic style is not the same in all of the groups belonging to the „Dinaric psychic type“. That epic style is prevalent in the description of the groups of Old Montenegro, Lika and Dalmatian Hinterland (Zagora), and for the reader of his „the Balkan Peninsula“ they are clearly „the best of the best“ — that is, the groups that present the „Dinaric psychic type“ in its clearest form.

„Unutrašnji kolonijalizam“ – prilog istoriji koncepta

Author(s): Milan Subotić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2018

Starting from the renewed interest into the concept of the “internal colonialism” within the contemporary “postcolonial studies”, this paper discusses the origin and the meaning of the concept in various theoretical traditions and scientific fields. The first part interprets “internal colonialism” and “internal colonization” from the perspective of historical and political-economic debates on the Russian and Soviet imperial structure, and from the sociological critique o the social development of the Stalinist epoch. The second part is dedicated to the analysis of the effect and limitations of the use of the concept in interpreting the integrative (French) nationalism and interpreting the reactive, (Celtic) minority nationalisms within Great Britain. In the final part the author has interpreted the meanings that „internal colonialism“ had in sociological analysis of the states of the „capitalist periphery“ (Latin America) and in the political discourse of the “New Left” protest movements in the USA as a “capitalist metropolis”. By pointing out the close connection of the analyses of “colonialism in one country” with Marxist tradition of research into class structure of society, the author concludes that the concept of “internal colonialism” today is primarily used as a metaphor that finds a useful application within the “cultural studies”. From that point of view, the history of the concept illustrates the change of the theoretical discourse that characterises social sciences after the “cultural turn”.

„Етнография на бедствията“ – съвременният научен прочит

Author(s): Petya Bankova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2021

№ 71 - SERBIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH ON THE BRINK OF SCHISM

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The Serbian Orthodox Church (SPC) is a bastion of Serbian nationalism. Its ideology is drawn from the radical right and it is very close to groups at the rightist end of the political spectrum. With this ideology, the Church played a very important role in mobilisation and the prelude to war and, to this day, has made no attempt to distance itself from this role. Part of the Church continues to promote Serbian national interests in exactly the same way. The head of the Serbian Orthodox Church, Patriarch Irinej, does not yet see the River Drina as a border but rather a bridge which “brings together” the Serbian nation: “Although, in some way, we are together now, God willing we shall be truly one in the near future.

№64 How much does EU citizenship cost? The Maltese citizenship-for-sale affair: A breakthrough for sincere cooperation in citizenship of the union?

Author(s): Sergio Carrera / Language(s): English

How much does European citizenship cost in the EU? This was the question that has raised so much controversy over the Maltese citizenship-for-sale programme. The outright selling of Maltese nationality to rich foreigners led to unprecedented responses by the European Parliament and European Commission. This paper examines theaffair and its relevance for current and future configurations of citizenship of the EU. It studies the extent to which member states are still free to lay down the grounds for the acquisition and loss of nationality without any EU supervision and accountability. It provides a comparative overview of member state schemes and the exact pricefor buying citizenship and a residency permit in the EU. It is argued that the EU’s intervention on the Maltese citizenship-for-sale affair constitutes a legal precedent for assessing the lawfulness of passport-for-sale or golden migration programmes in other EU member states. The affair has also revealed the increasing relevance of a set of European and international legal principles limiting member states’ discretion over citizenship matters and providing a supranational constellation of accountability venues scrutinising the impact of their decisions overcitizenship of the Union.

ЄВРЕЙСЬКИЙ ЧИННИК У КОНТЕКСТІ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ЕМІГРАЦІЇ ДО КРАЇН АМЕРИКИ (КІНЕЦЬ XIX – ПЕРШІ ДЕСЯТИЛІТТЯ XX СТ.)

Author(s): Alexandr Sych / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 4/2018

In article the attempt to analyse the Ukrainian-Jewish relations during the marked period in a paradigm of the concrete historical phenomenon - emigration of Ukrainians to the countries of America at the turn of XIX - XX centuries is made. Scientific novelty. Relationship of two peoples - Ukrainian and Jewish - has long and complicated history which needs complex and impartial scientific research. Need of such research is caused not only cognitive interest, but also political relevance. Unfortunately, the wrong or consciously distorted interpretation of the past quite often leads to a complication of the international relations. It is especially dangerous when it results from organized campaigns and appeals, actions of certain people and groups or policy of the governments which is based on ethnic nationalism.

Інтелектуальна еліта України кінця XVIII – першої половини XIX ст. (за матеріалами діяльності Новгород-Сіверського гуртка «автономістів»)

Author(s): Larysa I. Gorenko / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 1/2009

Into the investigation reflection to the activities of the Novgorod-Siverskіy patriotic society «autonomous» of the end XVIII – the first half XIX-th century into the context of the national culturality and elevated to the national consciousness of the Ukrainian people. Also represent music-cultural life on the territorial at the Novgorod-Siverskіy region this is period’ and, first of all, the role Novgorod-Siverskіy patriotic society into the preservation and development to the Ukrainian national culture.

ЈЕЗИЧКИ ИНЖEЊЕРИНГ У СЛУЖБИ ЦИВИЛНОГ ДРУШТВА

Author(s): Miroljub Jevtić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 136/2011

The idea of civil society encountered the difficulties when realized that religious and cultural image of countries that are inspired by this ideology has become complex. That why the ideologues of this project concluded that the idea of nation, religion, history and culture should be rearranged in order to create a common culture. In this sense, it became clear that the current understanding of patriotism, nation, nationalism, chauvinism ... have to be changed in order to promote new meaning of those words with goal to create new society.

ЈНП ЗБОР И СРПСКО ПРАВОСЛАВЉЕ

Author(s): Dušan Dostanić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 133/2010

In this article the author researches the relationship between the Yugoslav National Movement Zbor and Serbian Orthodoxy. In the first part of the article he gives a short historical review of Ljotić’s biography and history of the JNP Zbor. Thus, the theme is situated in historical context. In the second part of the article the author treats the Ljotić’s relations, as a founder, president, leader and main ideologist of Zbor, with Serbian Orthodoxy and institution of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Special emphasis is on Ljotic’s personal religiousness. In the last part the author researches influence of Orthodoxy upon JNP Zbor as an organization and ties between Zbor and the Serbian Orthodox Church.

ЉУБА ЈОВАНОВИЋ — ДРЖАВНИК ИЗ БОКЕ

Author(s): Saša Nedeljković / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 133/2010

Ljuba Jovanović belongs to the generation that prepared, organized and carried out the liberation and union of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes into a single state. In 1876, as a grammar school student, together with friends, he organized the student or¬ganization „Branko Radičević”, spreading the spirit of liberty among the youth of Boka Kotorska Bay. When the Second Boka Uprising broke out in Krivosije in 1882, the members of the organization decided to leave the grammar school and join the insurrec¬tionists. After the uprising was put down, he fled to Serbia. In this new and unfamiliar setting, he made his way to the highest honors and titles, thanks exclusively to his own worthiness and abilities. He was among the initiators of the great national and cultural organizations whose activities would reverberate throughout the Slavic South: Sokoli, National Defense, Serbian Literary Cooperative. An initiative was launched in Boka Kotorska for Ljuba Jovanović to head the candidate list for parliament of the National Radical Party in Dalmatia, due to his personal ties with his place of birth. Even though he came to hold some of the leading positions in Serbia and The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, he remained an honest man, leading the fight against corruption in the National Radical Party.

Яна Янчева. Колективизацията в българското село (1948–1970). Колективна памет и всекидневна култура. София, 2015

Author(s): Daniela Koleva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2017