Пътят на ромската литература в Източна Европа

Author(s): Sofia Zahova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2017

The article makes a brief historical review of the development of Roma publicationsin the countries in Eastern Europe by emphasizing the processes in each country andthe interrelations between their policies regarding the Roma culture and the Roma literary production. The aim of the article is to show that the development of Roma literature is related to the political, social and cultural context in the country or region of its creation. The comparative historical approach is the most appropriate for the purpose since the tendencies in the development of the Roma literature are related to the policies of identity (in general or directed to the Roma population) in different historical periods and regions.

Пътят на север и намирането на дом

Author(s): Mila Maeva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2017

The article examines the movements from Bulgaria to Norway and is based on anethnographic fieldwork. Using the methods of the oral history, the article analyzes the road to the north and the settlement in an almost unknown and cold country. Th epersonal stories of the Bulgarians present their visions of the road, their views onNorway and the founding of home as a personal experience in the context of the complexmigratory situation there. The specifics of the Bulgarian settlement in Norway predetermine the understanding of home and road. The successful and relatively fast realization, the high standard of life, the social model and the opportunity for quicklybringing together the separated families transform the migration to the north from amovement into a fixed way of life. For the Bulgarians, the new home in Norway has different aspects – it is the heart of the family, of calmness, cosiness and security. For the emigrants, the road to the north is both a road and a way back to the “native” andthe “Bulgarian” which could be seen in the founding of a “Bulgarian home” by different emigrant institutions and organizations. The new transnational and transcultural home of the Bulgarians in Norway becomes their comfort zone.

Размышления на чужбине (По страницам дневника Д. В. Скрынченко)

Author(s): Alexander V. Repnikov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3/2014

The article is devoted to records of historian, theologian, teacher, journalist and Russian nationalist Dmitry Vasilyevich Skrynchenko. Analyzed is the reflection of the main political events in the life of the Russian emigration on the pages of his diary.

Рат и национални идентитет

Author(s): Jelena Vukoičić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 3/2012

In this article the author analyses the relation between war and national identity, that is the role and influence that war has on identity and vice versa. The analysis points to the multilayeredness and complexity of these ties which can be direct and indirect, contemporary and historical. It is emphasized that, because of the fact that wars have shaped the history of modern nations and nation states to a large extent, and have had the decisive role in their formation and development, all the factors, crucial for the identity formation, such as history, tradition, culture and religion, have had been under the important influence of this form of political violence. Author believes that war and violence historically had, and still have, the crucial role in the formation and affirmation of national identity.

Ревидирана историја и нов идентитет во Источна Европа

Author(s): Todor Kuljić / Language(s): English,Macedonian / Issue: 1-2/2005

The author presents the main and general characteristics of historiographic revisionism in Europe in the 1990s, drawing attention to the various features of revisionism in former socialist countries (Russia, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Bulgaria) and their attitude to Socialism. The necessary scientific re-examination of the past is separated from its ideological reinterpretation inspired by revived nationalism. Contemporary historiographic revisionism exhibits a number of components: a critical attitude to historiography on the part of the winner (the communists); a clearer understanding of the essence of past events owing to greater distance from them and to the availability of new sources; a pragmatic reinterpretation of the past inspired by narrow or broad party or national motives. Revisionists in former socialist countries find their principal source in revived nationalism which seeks to play down one’s own fascist past by uncritically attacking anti-communism and anti-totalitarianism. Instead of being confronted, the dark shadows from one’s own past are being shown in a new light.

Революциите в Русия – Изток и Запад

Author(s): Asya Atanasova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2019

Russia has always been making efforts to define itself, since the rule of Peter I, and even earlier, by comparing itself to Kievan Rus and the Grand Duchy of Moscow. Russia has always managed to revive itself as a country, though always different, but the question remained – was Russia the East or the West, or was it something else, no matter how old it was? In all respects, Russia is Europe and its place is in Europe but the way it is governed always pushes the country toward the East.

РЕЛАЦИЈЕ НАЦИОНАЛНЕ ДРЖАВЕ И ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИЈЕ У ВРЕМЕНУ ВЕЛИКИХ МИГРАЦИЈА

Author(s): Dragan Simeunović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 76/2017

Although the beginning of globalization announced the near end of the nationstate, its sovereignty and even of the nation as its bearer, it has never happened. More precisely, everything ‘national’ was the focal point and the vessel of the most persistent resistance to globalization. In consequence, globalization as a process was the most successful in the economic domain, much less in the political, and especially security domains. The era of great migrations, which we are witnessing right now, has brought a new, big and consequentially even less foreseeable challenge to globalization as a process, as well as to globalism as an ideology, and the “new world order” as a political and legal construction of the global system. It was actually the nation-states (the small as well as the biggest ones) that challenged global patterns from the shelter of EU and made a strong turn to national interests, the revival of national sovereignty and national values, even though it seemed only until recently that many of those “re-nation-states” were completely submerged into the European Union, as the supranational community and the community of non-national sovereignty. More and more obviously, migrations and various potential dangers they bring along are just a cause for reiterative restoration of the nation-state and its borders, not only on European soil but also in all areas affected by the migration flows

Религија и насеље као чувари народносног

Author(s): Mirko Barjaktarović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2004

A separate ethnic group living in an isolated settlement could preserve ethnic identity even when surrounded by an alien ethnic environment. This is even more likely to happen if the ethnic group in question has a different religious affiliation than the rest, since the religious affiliation and ethnicity were often equated in the area examined. This paper presents a few cases of ethnicity preservation (sometimes its loss), namely: (1.) The Sarakačans group (a Greek speaking ancient Balkan population); that is, its lineage Ašana in Goč (nearby Kraljevo); (2.) Serbs in White Krajina (Slovenia) and Zumberka (Croatia); (3.) Serbs from former Montenegro settled in the village of Peroj, in Istria; (4.) Catholic Albanians, tribe Klimenti, settled in Srem’ villages Nikinci, Hrtkovci and Jarak, who declare themselves to be Croatians today; (5.) A Serbian population from Montenegro and parts of Herzegovina (various tribes from Ceklina, Bjelopavlić, Riječka nahija, Njeguš, Grahovo and Zubac), from Petlovo Selo, in northeast Serbia; (6.) Torbeša families, from the group Mijaka, an originally Slav-Islamic population in the Cmi Drim area, that immigrated in the 1960’s to Izmir, in Turkey; (7.). Janjevci, Catholics of a mixed Slavic origin, from Janjevo, near Pristina; in the past they declared themselves natives of Dubrovnik, but lately declared themselves Croatians; (8.). Slovak Adventists from Gospodjinci, in Srem, who declare themselves to be Serbs; and (9.). Slovaks, Greco-Catholic, from Kučura, Bačka, who declare themselves as Ruthenians although their native language is Slovakian. In conclusion, the author argues that ethnic identity preservation depends on a lot of factors and circumstances, among which the most important are settlement and religious affiliation. Many of the positive experiences of multilingual, multinational and multireligious tolerances in the area could serve as a model in other potentially troubled multicultural environments.

Религијско обликовање бошњачке нације

Author(s): Vlade Simović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 8/2014

Three nations exist in Bosnia and Herzegovina today: Serbs, Croats and community of Bosnian Muslims or - Bosniaks. First two were nationally constituted in the 19th century during the formation of most European nations, while the third was recognized one century later. Reasons for the late formation of muslim, and later on Bosniak nation in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the issue which is being researched in this paper. Paper provides an overview about formation of Bosniak nation while taking into account the parallel constitution of muslim nation where, in both cases, the basic construct comes in the shape of Islam. This confirms the historic thesis which states that religion in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the 'watershed of nation' and that is why this paper primarily elaborates religious foundations. Perception of language and territorial identity is not neglected because only through these institutions modern European nation can be identified. Paper emphasizes the question of 'Bosnian language' as a 'stumbling stone' in profiling the present and 'linguistically' announced 'future' nation. This nation will also be shaped by Islamic spirituality and 'legal contention', like the Muslim and Bosniak nations were too.

РЕНДАЛ КОЛИНС И МАКРОИСТОРИЈА ДРУШТВЕНИХ ПРОМЕНА КАО ПОВРАТАК КЛАСИЧНОМ ТЕОРИЈСКОМ НАСЛЕЂУ У СОЦИОЛОГИЈИ

Author(s): Aleksej Kišjuhas,Marko Škorić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2016

This paper analyzes the macrohistory of social change in the work of Randall Collins, with a special focus on the phenomena of revolution and the sociogenesis of ethnicity, or nationalism, americanization and balkanization. This aspect of his work is of particular importance because Collins is primarily known as a theorist of radical microsociology and social interaction. However, it is argued that his work on macrohistory and his usage of comparative historical analysis generates a specific macrosociological theory of social change, or a macrosociology of revolutions and the macrosociology of ethnicity. In this sense, this paper also deals with the (inter)relationship between history and sociology, together with the issues such as the future of ethnicity and nationalism, as well as the origins of ethnically motivated violence after the collapse of socialist states (like Yugoslavia).

Роль національного фактору у формуванні громадянського суспільства в Україні

Author(s): Mikhail Zaitsevsky / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 1/2011

In the article the state of scientific discussion in the works of Ukrainian scholars on determination of priority factors of forming of civil society in Ukraine in the frameworks of main problems of foundation of Ukrainian political nation and Ukrainian independent state. An important role of nationalism and national identity as socio-cultural factors of forming of civil society in Ukraine is shown.

Русините – един скрит народ в Централна Европа.

Преследвана идентичност, отричано съществуване и несъстояла се държавност

Author(s): Kostadin Kostadinov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2017

The article presents in brief the history and the present of the Rusyns – one of the many European peoples “without a state”. They are an indigenous population of the Northern Carpathians inhabiting a territory in the geographical centre of Europe; however, during their millennial historical development they had their own state only once and for one day. Today, their historical region, Carpathian Ruthenia, is divided between five countries. In Ukraine, where the majority of the Rusyns lives, they do not have adequate political and cultural minority rights. In the rest of the countries, although they have different degrees of cultural and administrative autonomy, the Rusyns are facing the danger of assimilation because of their small number. Even though they are a geopolitical and ethnocultural reality, their future is at stake.

Русифициране на градското пространство. Варшава и провинциалните градове на кралство Полша през ХІХ и началото на ХХ в.

Author(s): Andrzej Szwarc / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 6/2016

From the late nineteenth century together with the rise of modern nationalism, a widely spread belief is that there is a natural antagonism between the nations, which also affects the field of culture. This seems particularly clear in the territories inhabited by people of ethnic groups that are not dominant and constitute the centralized European powers such as unified Germany and Russia. The article presents some aspects of the Russia‘s cultural policy towards Polish lands in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Part of this policy is the construction of monumental objects with civilian or religious purpose in the Polish cities, whose architecture hints at Russian traditions and their functions are considered a symbol of foreign domination.

РУССКИЙ МИФ В СЛАВЯНСКОМ ФЭНТЕЗИ

Author(s): Tatyana Nikolaevna Breeva / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2015

The paper discusses the specificity and mechanism of construction of the Russian myth in the Slavic fantasy at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. The sociopolitical context provoking actualization of the Russian myth is analyzed. The variants of its presentation and simulation peculiarities are described. The Russian myth is constructed based on three main lines. First, the system of traditional national identificators is reconsidered in the Slavic fantasy. Secondly, a new pantheon of national heroes is formed, thereby invoking the narratives of Oleg and Vladimir. Thirdly, the process of national reidentification based on the revision of national auto- and heterostereotypes is widely represented.

СВОЕОБРАЗИЕ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ СОВЕТСКОГО ДИСКУРСА В РОМАНЕ М.Ю. ЕЛИЗАРОВА «БИБЛИОТЕКАРЬ»

Author(s): Bulat Alfredovich Khanov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2015

Representation of the Soviet past in modern Russian prose still demands comprehension. This paper is devoted to the analysis of the Soviet discourse in M.Yu. Elizarov’s novel “The Librarian” (2007), the 2008 “Russian Booker” winner. The study is performed using a complex method, which combines discourse, cultural-historical, structural-semantic, and conceptual types of analysis. The Soviet discourse is considered in relation to the national Russian one, which is also presented in the novel. It is demonstrated that Russian and Soviet concepts come into collision. The conflict is realized in a cryptological plot through the image of library, which is emblematic of postmodern literature. The national Russian discourse is embodied in such traditional feminine images as elemental force, proximity to the nature, destructive orientation, and provinces. The Soviet discourse is based on such traditional masculine images as aspiration for orderliness, orientation to logic, and capital. Female and male personifications stand in a symbolical relation with each other. M.Yu. Elizarov introduces the sacral image of the Protection of the Holy Virgin, which is urged to unite the Soviet discourse with the national Russian one. The conclusion is made that the Soviet utopia does not unite with the national Russian tradition despite the introduction of the Protection. The Divine Union declared in the novel remains unrealized.

Семейството в житейските разкази на бесарабските българи

Author(s): Zhenja Pimpireva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2016

The article is devoted to the role of life stories in the study of the family of theBessarabian Bulgarians. The eyewitnesses’ stories (or the stories of their loved ones)contain various appreciations, experiences, feelings, values, and meanings whichallow the reconstruction of their world. The study is based on the life stories collectedduring field ethnographic expeditions conducted in 2009-2010 in villages witha predominant or significant Bulgarian population in the Republic of Moldova andUkraine.The life stories are an invaluable source for the study of the Bessarabian familyin traditional and contemporary perspective. Sharing them requires a climate of trustbetween the respondents and the researcher. The life stories represent a collection ofselected facts and episodes, in which many hidden, suppressed and forgotten thingsremain beyond the narrative. Because of their subjective character, the family is representedin an estimative and emotional way enabling the identification of the trendsin its development and the judgement of its values and morals.

СЕПАРАТИЗМ И ЕГО ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЭТНОПОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО КОНФЛИКТА

Author(s): Ruslan Arzumanovich Gudzhatullaev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2015

This paper reveals the essence of separatism, as well as its sources, driving forces, and historical background. The relationship between ethnicity and ethnic conflicts was established. The influence of separatism on the development of both political process and international situation was described. Based on the historical phenomena of separatism, its potential consequences under conditions of ethnopolitical conflict were formulated using the modeling method. These effects are universal and apply to most cases of separatism. It seems appropriate to take into account the identified potential impacts of separatism in order to achieve reliable results during policy analysis and forecasting.

Син Чхэ Хо, историческая наука и национализм (об истоках современной историографии Кореи)

Author(s): Dmitry Evgenievich Martynov,A. A. Alikberova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 6/2018

The paper is devoted to the historical works of the outstanding Korean enlightener Sin Chae-ho (1880–1936). His position was fundamentally uncompromising; after the Japanese annexation of Korea in 1910, he never came back to its territory. In the period of 1905–1910, he published a number of historical works in which he outlined his own methodology. As an activist of the Korean liberation movement, Sin Chae-ho was an apologist for nationalist historiography. He regarded the historical process as a struggle between “we” and “not-we” and the nation as a whole was recognized as its subject. Its main task was the awakening of the national spirit, the awakening of the Korean nation, and the search for its deep historical roots and the independence of the history of Korea from the history of China. In line with the theses on the struggle of races, Sin Chae-ho based his ideas on the theories by the outstanding Chinese historian Liang Qichao (1873–1929) about the struggle between “historical” and “non-historical” nations. An indicator of the attitude toward historical people is external expansion. However, Koreans were unique, because they are directed outward against the traitors of the homeland and the “universalists” that consistently suppressed the national spirit. In modern Korea, Sin Chae-ho is recognized as one of the founders of national historiography; Lee Ki-baik creatively developed many of his views.

Ситуационна оценка на тенденциите в екстремизма

Author(s): Rositsa Dzhekova,Luděk Moravec,Nadya Stoynova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 2017

Violent extremism is one of the major challenges Europe is currently facing. The threat is both external as well as internal as indicated by the rise in home-grown Islamist terrorists, as well as of nationalistic and anti-immigrant movements and far-right aggression. An accurate picture of the spread, nature and trends in the extremist and terrorist activity and actors is paramount to formulating strategic policy approaches and effectively allocating available resources. This publication provides a methodological framework for the establishment of a viable mechanism for monitoring and assessment of the state and developments over time in extremist acts and actors on the national level. The situational assessment is an instrument for systematic collection and analysis of statistical data, open source data and intelligence information pertaining to extremist actors and activities, for the purposes of developing regular situational reports of the spread, nature and trends in extremism and violent radicalisms. Following the application of the situational assessment tool, the publication presents main findings on extremist trends and monitoring capacities in three countries from Central and Southeast Europe: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and Greece.

Словенский язык и словенская национальная, региональная и локальная идентичность

Author(s): Danila Zuljan Kumar / Language(s): Russian / Issue: -/2014

Language constitutes an important part of identity; therefore, a definite relationship can be established between the stages of development of the national language and forms of identity. The formation and development of the Slovenian national language, starting in the late seventeenth century, during the period of National Awakening, and of Slovenian national identity can be divided into six stages or periods, all of which saw the social functions of the Slovenian language change. In the 1990’s, emphasis on Slovenian national identity reached its peak, at the same time that the effects of globalization became noticeable in Slovenia, increasing the attention of the Slovenians to their regional and local particularities and the diversity of their local dialects. The article focuses on the different forms of national, local and regional identities that have emerged during this period in Slovenia.