Procena uticaja održivog razvoja

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2014

In recent years, different types of impact assessments were developed and implemented in many european countries. They can be defined as the procedures for environmental impact assessment of projects, plans, programs or policy proposals in selected areas, before their implementation. The main goal of impact assessments is to improve the decision-making process. This paper deals with sustainability impact assessment (SIA) methodology, as a necessary instrument for the study of the combined impact of proposed policies, strategies and action plans on the economy, social justice and the environment. The importance of this tool is demonstrated through the presentation of SIA procedural steps in EU member states, in order to be the basis for developing a methodology that could be applied in the Republic of Serbia with the aim of achieving national sustainable development and meeting European standards in the process of Serbia’s accession to the European Union. The presented methodology should be established as a mandatory instrument in the implementation of sustainable development goals, which are identified in the National Strategy for Sustainable Development of the Republic of Serbia, and aims to achieve sustainability in all sectoral policies.

Приказ књиге проф. др Данила Ж. Марковића Социјална екологија

Author(s): Savo Trifunović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2017

Ramsar Areas Of Turkey

Author(s): Zehra Arzu Becer,Arzu Yüce Morkoyunlu / Language(s): English Issue: 35/2017

Turkey is a country with important wetlands. Many species live in these areas which are important for ecological life. In this study, information was given about important wetlands in our country.

Розподіл вмісту важких металів у системі «вода – донні відкладення» транскордонної річки Уж

Author(s): N. I. Nikolaichuk,M. V. Bilkey / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2017

The dynamics and peculiarities of the heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, As, V, Cr, Ni) migration were established in the system of the river Uzh bottom deposits. An excess in maximum permissible concentration among such elements as Zn, V, As, and Cu was detected in surface waters. We may connect the elevated level of Cu and Zn with natural (metals appearing in ground water run-off, ablation from iron ore, the reaction of interstitial water), anthropogenic (sewage disposals from communal households and manufacturing plants, agricultural run-offs), and hydrochemical (pH of water medium, methylation of non-organic metal compounds, metals release from the organic compounds composition, ingress from bottom deposits) factors. The high concentrations of vanadium in the water as well as in bottom deposits are most probably induced by the leaching of elements from the regional volcanic rocks. The plumbum content did not exceed the higher-than-normal rates; however, significant element accumulation was detected in bottom deposits outside the city of Uzhgorod which may be the result of ecotoxicant ingress along with land runoff from the riverside highways laid parallel to the water course. In comparison with background measures, the highest chromium and nickel concentrations were detected near the streamlet Domoradzh and, therefore, it is assumed that the industrial wastewaters serve here as a source of heavy metals. The reservoir in the lowland is above all enriched by arsenic. Areas under agricultural use are significantly concentrated in lowlands. Runoffs from these areas are the main source of the ore supply. However, the impact of municipal domestic waste water which contains arsenic-containing detergents should not be excluded. Moreover, we found a relationship between the relief heterogeneity of the study area and distribution of heavy metals in the hydro-ecosystem. The accomplished comparative analysis of the territories under study indicates the significant pollution level of the surface waters in technologically transformed areas, whereas the largest accumulation of pollutants is concentrated in bottom deposits of the river, which indicates a constant supply of pollutants to the streamflow.

Use of soil biota in the assessment of the ecological potential of urban soils

Author(s): Y. I. Maltsev,I. A. Maltseva,A. N. Solonenko,A. G. Bren / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

In assessing the ecological conditions and classification of urban soils, data about soil biota should be taken into account. The environment of urban territories is characterized by significant changes compared to their surrounding environments. It is established that the algal flora of urban soils lose their zonal features and features associated with the edification influence of higher plants. Specific biotopes with a definite species structure are formed in urboecosystems. Fifty 50 algae species have been recorded in the soils of the Henichesk urboecosystems (Kherson region, Ukraine): Cyanoprocaryota – 21, Chlorophyta – 13, Charophyta – 2, Eustigmatophyta – 1, Xanthophyta – 11, Bacillariophyta – 2. Among dominant and subdominant species were Cyanoprocaryota and Chlorophyta. The other phyla were represented by Klebsormidium dissectum, K. flaccidum, Hantzschia amphioxys, Eustigmatos magnus, Botrydiopsis eriensis. Compared with the surrounding environment, the urbanized flora of Henichesk has a low species richness, and is characterized by prevalence of Cyanoprocaryota and Chlorophyta species. The coefficient that takes into account the percentage of preservation of species richness in a particular urban area compared to the background indicators of species richness can be used to evaluate the urban transformation of soil biota. The degree of degradatory changes in the composition of living organisms and the direction of these changes depends on the specificity and intensity of exploitation of the territory of the urban ecosystem. The most diverse composition of algae species within the the city of Henichesk was noted in the recreational, residential, and transport zones, in comparison with the industrial zone and the zone of special use. Different functional areas of the city are distinguished not only by the algae species richness, but also by the composition of dominants. Among the dominants and subdominants of the recreational and transport zones were species of different phyla. The dominants and subdominants of the residential and industrial zones were Cyanoprocaryota species, in the zone of special use – representatives of Chlorophyta. The distribution of species richness of algae along the soil profile in the city acquires an atypical character. The species richness increases not in the most superficial layers of soil, but in the lower, aphotic parts of the soil profile. The soil biota, on the one hand, depends on the ecological conditions of soil, and on the other as a result of its life activity, changes the ecological functions of the soil, strengthening or weakening them. The reduction in the species richness of the soil algae of the urboecosystem Henichesk shows the limitations of ecological functions of urban soils. It is established that changes in the composition of algae in soils of urban ecosystems are one of the indicators of the presence and severity of transformation processes. These processes occur with the soil biota and soil as a whole under the conditions of urban ecosystems and can be used as indicators in the environmental assessment of urban soils, in the development and subsequent examination of ways to reduce negative expression of urbanization.

Эколого-фаунистический обзор пластинчатоусых жуков (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) урбоценозов Харькова (Украина)

Author(s): O. V. Putchkov,T. Y. Markina,N. Komaromi / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2017

This article presents a general overview of the superfamily Scarabaeoidea in five parks of Kharkov city and some adjacent agrocenosises. The species composition includes 32 species from four families of Scarabaeoidea. The Scarabaeidae family dominated in biodiversity and abundance (26 species from 16 genera). Six species (Dorcus parallelopipedus, Platyderes caraboides, Anoplotrupes stercorosus, Aphodius melanostictus, Pleurophorus caesus and Onthophagus coenobita) were sporadically registered as common, but in separate urban cenosises the number of species did not exceed one or three. The species composition and abundance of lamellicorn beetles was higher in large parks with only slight recreational disturbance. Here from 13 to 20 species were registered. On lawns in the center and in other districts of the city Scarabaeoidea species met very rarely. In the agrocenosises on the outskirts of Kharkov city – 16 species are noted, almost half of which were registered as common. The faunistic similarity of different urban cenosises was at low to medium levels (an average 0.20–0.47). These indices were slightly higher (0.38–0.67) for areas with lower recreational pressure. The indices of faunal similarity of separate parks and agrocenoses were lower (0.18–0.56, but on average – 0.33). At the level of common species, there was no faunistic similarity. The significance of such differences was due to both the low number of most Lamellicorn species and some of their ecological characteristics. The main differences were observed in the ratio of trophic groups and features of the spatial distribution of the dominant species. Smaller differences were observed on biotopic characteristic of most species. There were no differences in the hygropreference of the scarabeid species. In the parks herpetobiont saprophagous species dominated (mainly coprophagous and dendrophagous). In the agrocenoses, dendrochordobiontic phytophagous species predominated. The peculiarities of the ratio of different ecological groups of Scarabaeoidea in urban and agrocenosises are discussed.

Реакція фотосинтетичного апарату представника екстразональної рослинності степу Quercus robur на забруднення атмосфери транспортними емісіями

Author(s): L. V. Shupranova,Y. V. Lykholat,N. O. Khromikh,A. A. Alexeyeva,V. S. Bilchuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2017

We examined the vital condition of the common oak (Quercus robur L.) in plantations of different categories in Dnipro-city. In the investigated plantations, differences in the individual resistance of plants were recorded. The patterns of changes in the pigmented complex of leaves exposed to atmospheric pollution from motor vehicle emissions were studied in connection with the life state of oak trees. The content of chlorophyll a had, in all variants of the experiment, significantly higher values than chlorophyll b. Chlorophyll a accounted for 52.4–75.0% of the total content of chlorophylls, and chlorophyll b (25.0–47.6%). Regardless of the level of air pollution, relatively healthy oak plants were characterized by a high content of pigments activity in the photosynthetic apparatus of the leaves. A chronic moderate influence of motor vehicle emissions had a positive effect on the content of green pigments and carotenoids. Increase in the intensity of transport emissions resulted in a significant reduction in the accumulation of chlorophylls and to an increase in carotenoids. The stability of the chlorophyll a / chlorophyll b ratio under the influence of motor vehicle emissions was been registered. Only severely damaged common oak trees showed a decrease of this parameter by 29.3% compared with healthy and moderately weakened specimens of oak. The values of the coefficients of variation in the content of chlorophylls, their amounts and ratios, as well as carotenoids were low and represent less than 19.0%, while the amplitude of the variability of the studied parameters of the pigment complex, depending on the life state of plants and the intensity of transport emissions, was quite significant: the highest fluctuations in the сontent indexes were recorded for chlorophyll a, the sum of chlorophylls a + b in trees from the park area and the area with a medium level of pollution, chlorophyll b only in oaks from the street with an average level of air pollution by transport emissions. The smallest variability was a characteristic of the ratio of chlorophylls a / b and the content of carotenoids. Low values of the ratio of the sum of chlorophylls a + b to carotenoids (4.3–5.2) indicate the stress state of oak plants in urban environments.

Еколого-анатомічна характеристика деяких видів роду Tragopogon (Asteraceae) флори України

Author(s): O. A. Futorna,V. A. Badanina,S. L. Zhygalova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2017

The results of the study of the anatomical structure of assimilating organs of the three species of the genus Tragopogon are described. Nowadays the anatomical structure of vegetative organs of representatives of many taxa have already been researched. The in-depth study of the anatomical structure of species of the genus Tragopogon which was conducted revealed the presence of different ways of structural adaptation of plants to growing on sands, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, revealed that the investigated taxa have structurally different leaves and stems, whose main features do not depend on the influence of conditions of existence. Almost all species of the genus Tragopogon are mesoxerophytes, the purpose of this work was to investigate the species of the Tragopogon genus which inhabit sandy soil. Such researches will be useful for solving problems of genus taxonomy and for detection of adaptive features of plants. The specimens for investigation were collected from a natural habitat. The plants were in the generative phase of development. Leaves and stems in the middle of their length were conserved for investigation. As a result, we detected features which distinguish species but they can not be used for taxonomy, as they depend on ecology. Thus, the studied species differ in the length of leaf lamina. T. ucrainicus has the thinnest lamina and T. orientalis has the thickest one. In addition, T. orientalis has the most laminaled mesophyll (it is distinctly multilayered). The type of mesophyll varied from isolateral (T. borysthenicus and T. ucrainicus) to pseudo-isolateral (T. orientalis). The numbers of layers of palisade parenchyma (both adaxial as well as abaxial) hardly varied at all between species, except that a third layer of cells was rarely represented in T. orientalis. The species differ in the degree of development of spongy parenchyma. It is most developed in T. orientalis (five or six layers of cells) and it is less developed in T. borysthenicus (two layers of cells). There are differences between the species in the anatomical structure of the stem. Thus, T. borysthenicus has the most developed chlorenchyma (four or five layers) and in T. orientalis it is less developed (two or three layers of cells). Cholophylless parenchyma is represented by the greatest number of layers in T. borysthenicus and by a smaller number of layers in T. ucrainicus, it is less developed in T. orientalis. The conduction system of the three investigated species is developed approximately equally. As the result of the analysis, it is possible to conclude that in the anatomical structure of all investigated species of the genus Tragopogon there is a combination of xeromorphic and mesomorphic features . T. borysthenicus from the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve exhibits the most xeromorphic features. The least xeromorphic characteristics are shown by T. orientalis from the sandy terraces of the Desna river (Chernihiv Region). We singled out a complex of anatomical features which can be additional diagnostic ones for the investigated species. T. borysthenicus is characterised by the presence of cortical conducting vascular bundles and by the placement of laticifers in the perimedullar region of the pith; in T. ucrainicus laticifers are also in the perimedullar region but cortical vascular bundles are absent; cortical vascular bundles are observed in T. orientalis but laticifers are placed all over the pith.

Экология прорастания семян и особенности онтогенеза сплавинообразующего гигрогелофита Сalla palustris (Araceae) в лабораторных условиях

Author(s): E. A. Belyakov,A. G. Lapirov,O. A. Lebedeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2017

This article examines the ecology of germination and the features of ontogenesis of the floating mat-forming hygrogelophyte Calla palustris L. in the territory of some regions in the central part of European Russia and the Republic of Belarus under laboratory conditions. It has been found that in the surveyed territory in the dense ear-like collective fruit of C. palustris, 40.7 ± 6.4 fruits, juicy berries, are formed and the number of seeds produced (actual seed productivity), averages 164.0 ± 89.3. Widely varying data on the number of berries in the collective fruit, as well as a variable number of ovules in them, shows that the seed productivity of C. palustris depends on a whole range of endogenous and exogenous factors, including the effectiveness of pollination of flowers by insects. In laboratory experiments, various storage periods (2 and 12 months) and methods of presowing seed treatment (stratification, drying, ice-freezing) were applied to simulate the ecological conditions of the growth of white alder. It is shown that freshly harvested seeds do not germinate at once, and wet cold stratification makes it possible to achieve maximum values of laboratory germination (from 84.4 to 99.0) and germination energy (from 66.6 to 88.3). Given that the features of germination are indicators of dormancy, it is demonstrated that seeds of C. palustris are in a state of shallow physiological dormancy, conditioned by the physiological mechanism of inhibition. Along with dry storage, wet cold stratification is the main way for seeds to enter a non-dormant state. Such mechanisms are consistent with the climatic features of the regions in which the species grows. It is found that C. palustris seeds, in common with many other species of hygrogelophytes, can float on the water surface for a long time (more than 30 days), spreading with water flow (hydrochoria). Seeds of C. palustris are photosensitive, germination is observed in a wide range of temperatures – from 10–14 to 30 ºС (at constant humidity), type of germination – underground (hypogeal). It is found that ontogeny of individuals of generative origin of C. palustris in the laboratory is terminated (the plants died after passing the juvenile ontogenetic state). The formation of C. palustris seedlings under laboratory conditions lasts 23–25 days and is characterized by the appearance of the main organs of the plant and the anisotropic growth of the shoot axis. At the final stage of development, the seedling is represented by a uniaxial monopodial and anisotropic growing rosette shoot with shortened internodes. The juvenile ontogenetic state in laboratory conditions lasts up to 7 months, after which the plants die off. In the framework of ontomorphogenesis, the stages of ontogenetic development under study (the seedling and the juvenile plant) correspond to the phase of the primary uniaxial rosette shoot. The plant in this period is represented by a uniaxial monopodially growing anchorage shoot. The detection of virgin plants in natural conditions indicates the possibility of their further development from the rudiments of generative origin. The main way of the species reproduction is vegetative, characteristic of most aquatic and semi-aquatic plants. In the course of ontogenesis, progressive features of development such as cotyledon greening and early death of the radicle root have been revealed.

Species-specific morphological characteristics of adult and embryonic Capillariа obsignata roundworms (Nematoda, Capillariidae)

Author(s): V. A. Yevstafyeva,V. V. Stybel,T. A. Sharavara,V. V. Melnychuk,I. O. Yasnolob,A. A. Antipov / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

The abundance of Capillaria obsignata Madsen, 1945, the causative agent of chicken capillariasis, was studied in the central region of Ukraine. Differential morphometric characters are determined for adult males and females of C. obsignata. The species-specific variability of its morphological parameters is characterized. New data is received on the meristic characters of C. obsignata eggs extracted from different substrates. The stages of embryonic development are determined in laboratory cultures of these nematodes, taking into account their meristic and morphological changes. Capillaria obsignata parasites are very common at the poultry farms of Poltava and Kyiv regions of Ukraine. Their abundance index is 3.4, and the intensity of infection varies from 3 to 317 specimens. Differential morphometric species-specific characters of adult C. obsignata males are the shape and size of the pseudobursa, spicule, spicule sheath. Adult females of the species can be identified by the shape and size of the vulva, the distance from the esophagus end to the vulva, and the length of the vagina. The meristic characters of nematode eggs, though typical for the species, may change depending on the sampled substrate. The parasite’s embryonic development involves five morphologically and meristically different stages. The invasive larvae of this species developed in the eggs before the 12th day of culturing in laboratory conditions at 25 °С. The invasive larvae’s viability was 90.3 ± 1.5%.

Вплив стимуляторів росту на активність ферментів азотного метаболізму кукурудзи

Author(s): G. S. Rossihina,V. S. Bilchuk,V. V. Lashko,O. M. Vinnychenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2011

The influence of growth stimulators «Appin-extra», «Vympel» and «Agat» on the activity of amino transferases in the seedlings of early-mid ripening hybrids of maize has been studied. It has been established that growth-stimulating processing causes the rise of aspartat aminotransferase and alaninaminotransferase activities and accumulation of easily soluble proteins at the early stages of growth. Against the background of clear tendency of the aminotransferases activities increase under the influence of growth-promoting factors the cultivar-specific reactions have been revealed. It has been registered the existence of a correlation (r = 0.88–0.99) between enzymatic activity of aminotransferases and growth stimulation in the maize seedlings.

Методологічні аспекти оцінки екологічного стану урбанізованих і техногенно змінених територій

Author(s): V. I. Parpan,M. M. Mylenka / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2010

Procedure of the evaluation of ecological conditions of the urbanized and anthropogenically altered territories is suggested. The most informative markers of the urboanthropolical tension of the environment at different levels of a biosystem organization are determined. Rating scale of the vital power and bioindicative prospectivity of plants under conditions of anthropologically transformed ecotopes is composed.

Активність інвертази та уреази в ґрунтах рекультивованих територій західного донбасу

Author(s): O.M. Vasilyuk,Anna Kulik / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2009

The research data on activities of invertase (as one of the most important enzymes for soil biological activity, humus content and soil fertility) and urease (as an enzyme of nitrogen metabolism, which transforms the inorganic nitrogen compounds into the organic ones) in soils of artificial afforestations of Robinia pseudoacacia L., Betula pendula Rosh., Quercus robur L. and Acer platanoides L. at the reclamated lands of the Western Donets Basin are presented. The seasonal dynamics of soil activity subject to the type of biogeocenosis is shown.

Історичний аспект біохімічного різноманіття фотосинтезу та його роль в екології рослин і фітоіндикації

Author(s): T. E. Khrystova,O. E. Pyurko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2009

The evolution of formation of views on biochemical diversity of photosynthesis within the bounds of plants ecological physiology is analyzed. Data on the dark period of photosynthesis are generalized in the historical aspect and its role in the plants ecology and phytoindication is determined. The genesis of research of plants carbonaceous nutrition biochemistry is characterized in the world and in Ukraine. The influential contribution of Ukrainian scientists (O. M. Volkov, E. P. Votchal, K. A. Purievich, B. M. Lubimenko, A. S. Okanenko and others) to elaboration of certain aspects of photosynthesis is underscored. The significance of their works for the ascertainment of mechanisms of plants’ ecological adaptive syndrome.

Экологическая структура животного населения байрака яцев яр

Author(s): O. М. Kunah,O. V. Zhukov,E. V. Prokopenko,Y. A. Balyuk / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2008

The results of the soil animal community investigation in the ravine Yatsev Yar are presented. The connection between ecological structure of animal communities and properties of the corresponding forest types has been shown.

Influence of the herbaceous layer and litter depth on the spatial distribution of litter macrofauna in a forest plantation

Author(s): L. I. Faly,V. V. Brygadyrenko / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The litter invertebrate community consists of species from different size, trophic and taxonomic groups. The distribution of the animal population of the litter horizon depends upon many factors, especially the content of the phytocoenosis, the projective herbaceous plant cover, moisture, litter thickness and the soil texture. This article analyses the variability of the main characteristics of litter invertebrate communities (total number, number of species, diversity according to the Shannon–Wiener and Pielou indices) on plots with different herbaceous plant composition and cover in plantations of Robinia pseudoacacia L. in the South steppe zone of Ukraine (territory of the “Tiligulsky” Regional Landscape Park). The taxonomic structure of the litter communities in the Robinia plantation was dominated by predatory groups of invertebrates (Carabidae, Aranea, Formicidae). The abundance of Julidae, Isopoda, Silphidae and Staphylinidae was relatively low. The studied forest plots were characterized by the simplified size structure of the litter macrofauna. The absence of species with body length of 16–20 mm and length over 20 mm indicates damage to the most significant trophic chains. The forest belt studied is in a highly disturbed condition, the plots being dominated by steppe species of herbaceous plants. The analyzed factors (diversity and extent of cover of herbaceous plants) do not determine the structure of the litter macrofauna community but affect it indirectly: a slight increase in the total number of invertebrates was observed in areas with minimal and maximum number of species of herbaceous plants. The relationship between the abundance of invertebrates and the percentage of herbaceous plant cover is manifested insignificantly. We noted a tendency for the number of invertebrate species to decrease along the gradient of herbaceous plant cover due to the concentration of dominant predatory species which exterminate other trophic groups of macrofauna.

Особливості функціонування фосфо- та амідогідролаз в едафотопах, забруднених емісіями рудозбагачувальної фабрики

Author(s): O. M. Artyushenko,V. O. Negulyaev / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2006

Influence of aerotechnogenic contamination of soils on activity of some hydrolytic enzymes of nitrogen and phosphorus cycles is examined. Biochemical mobilization of organophosphorous and nitrogen-bearing compounds in soils polluted by heavy metals is depressed to a variable extent. In descending order of sensitivity to the pollution, the studied enzymes ranked as follows: urease > alkaline phosphatase > arginase > АТPase > acid phosphatase > amidase.

Maria T. Grasso (2016) Generations, Political participation and Social Change in Western Europe. London; New York: Routledge. 255 pages.

Author(s): Marko Kovačić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA

Author(s): Jānis Grasis / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

European Union (EU) environmental law has had a significant impact on the direction of environmental policy, both at EU level and within each Member State. This has always been the case for environmental law and policy in the EU, yet the new strategic objective of a circular economy well demonstrates the close association in environmental policy of economic, social and environmental objectives. Beginning of the planning of sustainable development started in Latvia in early 1990s after regaining independence and when it was possible to launch own independent environmental policy. Latvian Parliament (Saeima) has adopted “Development Planning System Law”, which entered into force on January 1 2009 in order to promote sustainable development of the Republic of Latvia. The purpose of this mentioned law is to promote sustainable and stable development of the State, as well as the improvement of the quality of life of inhabitants, by determining the development planning system. “Latvia 2030” sustainable development strategy of Latvia was developed, starting with an analysis and survey of changes related to global processes: a) demographical changes – decrease in the number of inhabitants and their ageing; b) globalisation in economics and development of innovation economics; c) dynamics of the labour market and demand for new competences and skills; d) climate changes, threats to the biological diversity and nature as the environment of life; e) increasing demand for energy resources and energy safety; f) crisis of democratic representation institutions and emerging of new public participation forms; g) global development of the middle class and increase in relative poverty risks; and h) urbanisation, spreading of cities, regional positioning. Latvian National Development Plan 2014-2020 (NDP 2020) was adopted by announcement of Latvian Parliament (Saeima) on December 20, 2012. It definied a vision for Latvia in 2020: “The economic breakthrough - the growth of every citizen of Latvia and the country's well-being!” Author of the article agrees with Mr. J.Pleps, that “The Preamble of the Constitution entails specific State obligations which must be implemented with a specific national policy, regulatory enactments and financial support. The Preamble of the Constitution is the legal basis for State action, and it is also possible to ascertain the adequacy and appropriateness of State action in certain areas through legal proceedings. The Preamble of the Constitution has not been completed with its development and adoption, but requires certain state action in practical policy. The Preamble of the Constitution is not a political text but requires its implementation and implementation in the legal reality". As a result of this research the author has made the main conclusion: in order to plan National Development Plan 2021-2027 (NDP 2017) the main principles from Preamble of the Satversme (Constitution) of the Republic of Latvia must be taken as a basis for sustainable development plan: each individual takes care of oneself, one's relatives and the common good of society by acting responsibly toward other people, future generations, the environment and nature.

The effect of technological oil spill in soil within electrical generation substations, analysed by ecological regime in the context of relief properties

Author(s): O. Potapenko,M.P. Fedushko,O. М. Kunah / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Technological oil spills within electrical substations are the source of considerable environmental contamination. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relation between phytoindication assessments of ecological factors and geomorphological covariates and investigate the effect of the technological oil spill on ecological regimes within electrical substations. During the fieldwork 175 geobotanical releves were analysed in the years 2016–2017 within Dnipropetrovsk region (Ukraine). Within each electrical substation the geobotanical prospecting was conducted both in plots with undisturbed vegetation cover (control, the plot size 3 × 6 m) and in plots with technological oil spill (pollution, plot size 3 × 3 m). Phytoindication assessment of the following ecological factors was made: soil water regime, soil aeration, soil acidity, total salt regime, carbonate content in the soil, nitrogen content in the soil, radiation balance, aridity or humidity, continental climate, cryo-climate, light regime. HydroSHEDS data were taken for the basis for creating a digital elevation model with resolution of the data layer 15 arcseconds.