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Nancy Fraser tracks the reconfiguration of the relations of social reproduction under successive regimes of accumulation – “separate spheres”, male breadwinner, dual-income household. Are the exactions of financialized capitalism now serving to undermine its lifeworld?
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The aim of article is to select a set of variables that affect decisions about the size of the expenditure incurred on recreation and culture in households of pensioners in Poland. The basis of the information of researches were unidentifiable microdata on income and expenditure of individual households from the household budget survey conducted in 2009 by the GUS (Central Statistical Office) which were associated with the results of a survey “Tourism and recreation in households” conducted by the GUS in the same year. The integrated data set consisted of 1,308 households of pensioners. The study takes into account, first of all, the categorization variables and therefore to a “best"”set of factors characterizing household spending on recreation and culture used log-linear analysis. Using log-linear model has enabled more precise description of the relationships between categorization variables compared with indicators used to assess the quality characteristics of interdependence. In addition, log-linear analysis allowed to assess the impact of interactions between variables.
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The article discusses the possibilities, as well as the limitations of the analysis of the elderly households material situation (single-person households aged 65+ and double with at least one person aged 65+) in selected countries of Central and Eastern Europe: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary – belonging to the EU in 2004 as well as Bulgaria and Romania – in the EU since 2007. The study uses selected results of the analysis made on the basis of the EU-SILC (European Union – Statistics on Income and Living Conditions). Significant differences in the financial situation of elderly households in different countries of Central and Eastern Europe were observed on the basis of the data analysis on housing facilities in some material good as well as subjective assessment of financial situation of the households.
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Reason(s) for writing and research problem(s): Theoretically and structurally, work is inspired by the author’s attempt to scientifically verify whether the amount of fear of terrorism and terrorist acts in the student population has influenced significant differences in the intensity of fear of terrorism and terrorist attacks and the interest for the information about the same (using different types of media as a source of information about terrorism), but also taking into account gender of the respondents, their geographical location and etc. Aims of the paper (scientific and/or social): The paper will try to examine fear of terrorism as such, primarily in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the primary purpose of devoting greater attention to this issue as a scientific category, in addition to the already existing strategic political or more frequent journalistic sensationalist approach. Methodology/Design: Fundamental methods which represent the basis for this research are the analysis of primary data collected by survey research using the methods of content analysis, description, classification and specialization, comparative method and statistical methods for analysis of empirical data. Research/paper limitations: The limitations of this research may be inflicted by the impossibility of conducting research in more cities, in addition to the research conducted in Belgrade (Serbia), Split (Croatia) and Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina), but also taking into account the social environment that either has or hasn’t been exposed to acts of terrorism or terroristic threats. Results/Findings: The research was conducted at the Faculty of Law at the University of Belgrade (Serbia), Faculty of Law at the University of Split (Croatia), Faculty of Criminalistics, Criminology and Security Studies and the Faculty of Political Science at the University of Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina) on the sample of 1200 respondents, taking into account the local environment of security culture and terroristic threats, opportunities and risks of terrorism in these areas. The results have shown that gender is a significant predictor of fear of terrorism and terrorist attacks, but also there are statistically significant differences in the intensity of fear of terrorism and terrorist attacks when we compare those three states. In addition, there is no statistically significant difference in intensity of fear of terrorism and interest in getting information about terrorism with exception of the examinees from Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as there is no correlation with the use of media in gathering information about acts of terrorism. General conclusion: Regardless of its extent, fear of terrorism and terrorist acts exist, and it is therefore important to continue research of this issue. Research/paper validity: The justification of the paper is in the fact that it represents beginning of a scientific research in the local community and will certainly stimulate future research in this area.
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The objective of the article is an attempt to find the answer to whether the agrarian reforms of the 1860s carried out in Russia affected the individual’s life cycle in peasant Catholic families in Podlasie which, after 1807, was included in the Grodno Governorate. In Polish historiography the subject of the individual and the family’s life cycle in the 19th century has not yet been adequately researched; hence these studies are intended to fill this gap, at least in part. In this paper a cross-section analysis of demographic phenomena was employed, which is based on three lists of the inhabitants of the large Podlasie parish of Trzcianne, drawn up in the years 1843–1910. The research value of the lists was evaluated with the help of three indexes: Whipple’s index, the total modified Whipple’s index (Wtot) and ABCC . The application of the cross-section method aimed at illustrating the dependence between the age and the status of the individual (children, household servants, householders, independent female heads of households, relatives and lodgers) in the household. The article devotes more attention to the pace of children’s leaving family homes, as well as the status of old people, i.e., 65 years old and above, always including their sex.
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The goal of this study was to examine whether and to what extent sex ratio values at birth may have reflected social and economic inequalities in the Province of Poznań (German: Provinz Posen) in the last decades of the 1800s and early 1900s. It was assumed that maternal economic, social and emotional well-being differed according to the size of the place of residence (Poznań / town / village) and her marital status (married / unmarried). In the population of the Province, urban areas (e.g., Poznań) and single motherhood were the predictors increasing the chance that the proportion of boys to girls at birth would decline below the biological norm. These factors could affect women during pregnancy through biological (physiological) mechanisms induced by adverse economic conditions (poverty, poor housing conditions, physical effort related to work and spatial mobility) and psychological stress (lack of social approval and support, social instability, occurrence of stigmatization, etc.). It is worth noting, however, that the variability of sex ratio values at birth could also be due to other factors, not identified (captured) in this paper.
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The article aims to reconstruct the number of inhabitants in the Gubin district in the early post-war years. The statistical data available include previously unused source material in the form of reports and lists of the district administrator and the State Repatriation Office (PUR). The displacement of Germans and the influx of Poles will be discussed, the district’s population levels will be given with a division into town and village, and the speed of change in 1945–1949 will be indicated, as well as the population structure in terms of sex, age, nationality and direction of influx (repatriates from the East and West and displaced people from central Poland).
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This report presents the basic assumptions of a research project aimed at digitising the corpus of statistical and demographic sources essential for research on the history of the Kingdom of Poland, and using these materials to create an interactive atlas of the Kingdom of Poland. Primary sources will include official publications of the Russian authorities published annually in individual governorates, supplemented by the non-institutional sources available. The final outcome of the project will be a digital research platform combining elements of a source publication with advanced analytical and research tools (research database) and a user-friendly, intuitive graphical interface enabling visualization of the distribution and the scale of socio-economic processes in time and space (an interactive atlas).
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Autor upozorava na probleme rada na matičnim knjigama, kao i na njihovu vrijednost u proučavanju demografske povijesti, povijesti društva (društvene slojeve), te migracija koje su prouzročile i značajne etničke promjene u samoj Puli i Puljštini.
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One of the main directions of the public spending policy in Republic of Moldova is the social protection of the population. A group of population that is, especially, vulnerable to the difficult social and economic conditions is the children in difficulty – children who have insufficient parental support or lack it, due to parents’ negligence, violence, death or other unfavorable conditions of familial environment. A widespread measure of support of these children is their separation from the difficult familial environment and the subsequent institutionalization. On the one hand, the need to make the use of public spending more efficient in supporting this category of children, on the other hand, numerous researches that demonstrate the negative effects of institutionalization on children have determined the government of the Republic of Moldova to orient itself towards deinstitutionalization measures in the last decade. In this paper we try to determine the main aspects of the public spending policy on the social protection of children in difficulty in the Republic of Moldova of the last decade in the light of deinstitutionalization efforts.
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This article presents the results of a survey, examining the level of formation of the key competence: communication in mother tongue of the students in primary school according to their teachers. Subject of examination: Bulgarian Language and literature education. The results of a survey give information about the most common difficulties that students face. Teachers’ preferred methods, forms and means of work are pointed out as well as a variety of forms of collaboration among parents, teachers and other institutions. The level of formation of linguistic, communicative speech, sociocultural and literature competences is measured. Possible solutions for effective learning process and for improvement of the key competence: communication in mother tongue are proposed.
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Within the humanities, the study of human potential is one of its main directions, in which the individual appears both as a subject and as an object of study. In this context, an essential element of this direction is the disclosure of the demographic characteristics of society. The clarification of one of them – the specifics of the demographic development of Bulgaria in the period 1878–1912, is the aim of the presented study. Summarizing the analysis of the specifics of the demographic development of Bulgaria in the period from 1878 to 1912, we can conclude that the outlined trends in the dynamics of the main demographic processes and structures, although formed during the period under study, had a lasting impact, influencing the demographic state of the country in the subsequent historical epoch.
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The paper relates the issues of general depopulation and population ageing within existing and new pension systems in a changing macroeconomic environment of the European Union. At the EU level, the paper analyses and presents demographic factors and the consequences of demographic and macroeconomic trends. The demographic and economic assumptions upon which most existing EU pension systems are based have changed significantly. The paper researches the case of Croatia: natural growth and migration balance as demographic potential, and changes in the working population as economic potential. Unlike official public policies, it is suggested here that low employment is not a problem of demographics or pensions, but mostly an economic one. Croatia's pension potential is studied on employment distribution, wages, and pensions. Using empirical data, levels of inequality in employment and wages were calculated. In addition to low salaries and pensions, Gini coefficients show that Croatia has no inequality in the distribution of wages and that it has moderate levels of inequality in the distribution of pension payments in Pillar II and Pillar I. It was also found that Croatia does not use the available demographic potential to fulfil its economic potential through higher productivity, employment, wages and pensions, and that a significant problem lies in the material deprivation of the population. According to the Croatian experience, demographic problems are declarative and cannot be solved separately and outside the context of the pension system. Negative demographic trends are most often directly related to the deficits of the pension system, while pension problems and reforms are justified only by negative demographic trends, which closes the circle, and the problems persist.
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In this essay, an attempt is made to correlate different views on childhood and old age, both theoretically and by refracting them through a series of personal experiences. The figure of an internal image is presented as resulting from the organizing role of the chain of memories: it is an intersectional figure beyond time and space that integrates childhood and old age.
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The paper analyses the impact ethnicity structure of on the process of refusal to accept monks of the Rila Monastery and the closure of its convents in the Bulgarian settlements. Two urban centres are under consideration, Gabrovo and Nevrokop, characterised by a different ethnicity structure. While Gabrovo is a purely Bulgarian settlement, Nevrokop has a mixed population. The author analyses the intensity of the processes and the influence of the different ethnic groups with their economic and political possibilities to achieve the desired results.
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How do emotions contribute to mobilizing the international community to join massive protests against climate change? Although it is common to superficially state that protests are full of various emotions, it remains unclear how emotions become collective on the international level and how they ensure the spread of mass mobilization. This research paper examines the process of collectivization of emotions and how it explains mass mobilization in the case of international climate change strikes. This paper raises the question of how the emotional environment was favourably constructed in Greta Thunberg’s case in order to mobilize international society to join climate change strikes, and it aims to reveal how group emotions play an important role in successful international mobilization. Based on Sarah Ahmed’s theory of cultural politics of emotions and James M. Jasper’s theory linking emotions and social movements, it is assumed that specific emotions were circulated to create a distinct emotional environment that inspired the international community to join Thunberg’s climate strike. An Emotional Discourse Analysis revealed that Thunberg’s speeches are full of emotional potential that provokes reactive emotions such as fear, anger and hope in the global society and establishes an injustice-based framing of the problem as well as the dichotomy between the political elite and the global society. This study contributes to the research field of emotions in international relations by exploring in more depth the collectivization of emotions and expands the theory of cultural politics of emotions to include explanations of international politics phenomena such as mass mobilization.
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The aim of the article was to present the depopulation process of Finnish Lapland against the background of the whole of Finland and the European Union. The possible effects of this process have also been analyzed. The research was based on official statistics on the demographics of Finland and demographic forecasts compiled by Finnish scientific institutions. The results of the analyzes indicated that, apart from a few urbanized areas, Finnish Lapland will be depopulated in the coming decades. The depopulation of the region will endanger the functioning of the local government units in Lapland. At the same time, the activities aimed at increasing the demographic balance have not brought the assumed effects so far.
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A vast, two-volume list of all the towns and villages of the Kingdom of Poland was published in 1827, with the number of houses and residents, and the type of ownership specified in it. It was the only official publication issued by the then central statistical body of the state – The Statistical Office of the Government Commission for the Internal Affairs and Police. Due to the alphabetical order of the entries, with the absence of any territorial grouping or partial summaries, this potentially valuable source for historical and demographic studies has been of only marginal use to historians. An attempt was made at its digitisation and at entering the data into the database system in 2020. This paper presents the historical background of creating this list and uses selected examples to present new, previously unavailable data exploration and analysis opportunities that are offered by an electronic form.
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The base research source for the article are the registers of premarital announcements from the years 1913–1924. It contained 1296 register of engaged couples, nearly half of which were exogemic (mixed denominations), mostly Polish-Ukrainian. The mentioned registered are (for the most part) comparable. The personal data of the couples and their parents, place and date of birth, place of inhabitancy and religion and specific denomination. They also contain links and summaries of different documents and certificates produced by the eparchial curia. The contents are richer than the later marital books. They register in detail the state of mixed relationships in statu nascendi, at the moment of their forming, making preparations for the wedding and gathering the needed documentation and taking the vow among witnesses, along with the signature on the document. The personal range is also much wider, because the registers also contained mentions of engagements that were cancelled and couples, that received the sacrament in the temple of the female bethrothed, in the Roman Catholic denomination. The books present the social and religious phenomenon in the form of mixed Polish- Ukrainian marriages in the frontier territories of the Rzeczpospolita.
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