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Pozicija pacijenata u Republici Srbiji: javnopravni mehanizmi i njihova zaštita

Author(s): Hajrija Mujović / Language(s): Serbian

In Serbia, the right to health care is proclaimed and guaranteed by the Constitution and this right should be understood as immaterial subjective right, which occurs at birth and ends with death of each person. On the basis of this right a citizen may request a specific acting in the interest of its health by authorized carriers of health activities which are numerous and obligate to the scope of its activities, provide medical assistance. In theory is pointed out that the patient has an abstract right on protection of health care, which may be converted into its subjective rights only if it enters into concrete relationships with physicians and medical institutions. Also, a general obligation of medical institutions that provide health care that can only be concretized through appropriate legal relationship with it.

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PARALLEL REPORT BY THE EUROPEAN ROMA RIGHTS CENTRE CONCERNING THE CZECH REPUBLIC (For Consideration by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women at the 63th Pre-sessional Working Group 27 - 31 July 2015)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC) submits this parallel report to the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) for the attention of the PreSessional Working Group, commenting on the Combined Fourth and Fifth Periodic Report of the Czech Republic, submitted under Article 18 of the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (Convention). The present parallel report describes the current situation regarding one of the most serious human rights abuses of women – the practice of coercive sterilisation among Romani women – and the legal, policy and other obstacles in seeking an effective remedy for the victims. The submission focuses only on issues directly related to the practice of coercive sterilisation; i.e. Articles 10 (equal access to education), 12 (equal access to health care services) and 16 (freedom from discrimination in all matters relating to marriage and family relations) of the Convention. This report aims to provide an update on the situation since 2010 when CEDAW last reviewed the Czech Republic. It includes an update on the legislative changes, compensation mechanism proposals, updates on court cases, comments on the information provided by the Czech government and recommendations for government action.

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Migration and Development in Albania and Macedonia: the effects of remittances on education and health of family members left behind

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

Albania and Macedonia as traditionally migrant sending countries have experienced unprecedented migration and the end of this process is not in sight, it continues unabated. Emigration is reshaping Albania and Macedonia affecting local politics, economies and priorities, including the education and health of the family members left behind. As regards the effect of migration and remittances on education and health outcomes, the focus on Albania and Macedonia is crucial as there has been year on year low schooling and low health outputs in both of these countries. Children’s school attendance rates and literacy rates as well as health status are relatively low, leaving significant room for improvements in educational attainment and healthcare. The education might be publicly provided, however many families cannot afford to pay for it for their members due to several expenses related to school attendance such as transport, textbooks, supplies, or other implicit costs such as losses in family members with the migration. The importance of migration and of remittances for the migrant sending countries is measured also by the well-being of their recipients in terms of improved health status and in particular the health of the children. Remittances in volumes are high, and have become an increasing source of household income. Very interesting question is whether this increasing source of income has an impact on human capital accumulation decisions, including on schooling and healthcare. Many migrant sending families receive considerable financial transfers from their family members living and working abroad. Remittances help the population in migrant sending countries to cope with the distress of poverty, the inefficiencies of local labor markets and the break-down of the social security system.

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Impact of Migration on Child Growth in Albania and Macedonia

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

Albania and Macedonia are two Western Balkan countries that are characterised by high emigration and remittance dependency rates that appear to have affected the development of these countries across different socio-economic and cultural dimensions. Child growth in particular is one of these important outcomes. This paper uses a survey administered to mothers in Albania and Macedonia to investigate whether migration and remittances have had any impact on child growth in these countries. Child growth indicators, such as body mass index, weight, height, stunting and obesity dummies, together with child health inputs, such as the frequency of visiting the doctor, chronic diseases and reasons for not going to the doctor, are used as left-hand side variables. The paper finds that while migration has led to less stunting and increased height in Albania, in Macedonia, it seems to have led to increased weight and body mass index values and more obesity. These findings imply that exposure to international migration can have different consequences for these countries as Albania appears to have realised improvements in height and stature, while Macedonia has suffered from increased weight associated with increases in obesity.

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Koronavirus u pravnom poretku BiH: kratka dijagnoza bolesti

Author(s): Harun Išerić / Language(s): Bosnian

The Paper examines two main issues: interference with human rights during COVID-19 crises and declaration of the state of emergency in Republika Srpska (RS) as well as number of orders issued by different civil protection headquarters. The research shows that interference hardly meets legality and proportionality tests. State of emergency declaration in RS is found to be unconstitutional as well as number of orders issued by municipal and cantonal civil protection headquarters since they have been violating freedom of movement clause from the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Civil protection headquarters become alienated decision-making bodies as executive failed to supervise their activities. In the meantime, parliamentary oversight in whole country has been a dead letter. Finally, coordination and harmonization of public authorities’ actions in combating COVID-19 has not been achieved.

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Zabrana i ograničenje kretanja: krivično djelo ili prekršaj?

Author(s): Igor Cimeša / Language(s): Bosnian

Since the introduction of the prohibition and restriction of movement in Republic of Srpska, institutions having jurisdiction over criminal prosecution are faced with the question whether the violation of this prohibition constitutes the criminal offence of Non-compliance with Health Regulations during an Epidemic under Article 195 of the Criminal Code of Republic of Srpska or does it constitute the minor offence under Article 22 of the Law on Public Peace and Order of Republic of Srpska. After the introduction, this paper gives an overview of the elements of the criminal offence under Article 195 of the Criminal Code of Republic of Srpska. Further, the paper analyses whether the decision on prohibition and restriction of movement which is currently in force in Republic of Srpska represents a health measure - a measure for combating and prevention of spreading an epidemic of contagious diseases and it analyses the legal framework in Republic of Srpska in terms of measures for combating and preventing spreading of contagious diseases. The paper also provides an analyses of provisions of Article 43(2)(1) of the Law on Protection of Citizens of Contagious Diseases which prescribes restriction of movement as an extraordinary measure for combating and prevention of contagious diseases. Finally, the paper summarizes the presented arguments that violation of prohibition and restriction of movement may constitute the criminal offence under Article 195 of the Criminal Code of Republic of Srpska.

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Ustavnost vanrednih mjera povodom pandemije COVID-19 u BiH

Author(s): Jasmin Muratagić / Language(s): Bosnian

Emergency measures, which the executive powers in BiH put in place tackling COVID-19 pandemic, are relevant in context of the rights and freedoms guaranteeded in the BiH Constitution. By violating freedom of movement, expression as well as freedom of assembly, executive power in BiH left citizens in state of legal uncertainty. Failure to coordinate prevention and public health activities and measures of entities and Brčko District BiH led to a violation of art. I/2 of the BiH Constituton. Different emergency measures throughout BiH infringed principle of legal normative hierarchy from art. III/3.b), which resulted in inconsistency and discriminatory legal solutions in contrast with imperative on prohibition of discrimination stipulated in art. II/4 of the BiH Constitution.

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Obavještenje o derogaciji Evropske konvencije za zaštitu ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda – pravi put za Bosnu i Hercegovinu?

Author(s): Nasir Muftić / Language(s): Bosnian

The global pandemic caused by the COVID-19 requires state action for purposes of protecting public health. The hitherto measures undertaken by Bosnia and Herzegovina for purposes of tackling the pandemic interfere with the rights guaranteed under the European Convention of Human Rights. As Article 15 of the Convention allows a state to derogate from certain provisions guaranteeing human rights, the point of focus is whether this avenue should be pursuit in case of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The paper argues that derogation would do more harm than good. It presents the role of notification as a formal requirement for derogation and elaborates on its connection with the expanded of margin of appreciation. Due to the previous experiences, the European Court of Human rights is likely to afford a wide margin of appreciation to Bosnia and Herzegovina regardless of the derogation. Furthermore, the paper outlines the issues related to derogation and COVID-19, focusing on the impact of vagueness of the information provided in notification, the problems with the supervision of the European Court of Human Rights, and the potential of abuse.

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COVID-19 i Rješenje Agencije za zaštitu ličnih podataka BiH

Author(s): Nihad Odobašić / Language(s): Bosnian

At the time of the COVID-19 pandemic spread, state authorities may introduce various measures and activities to protect public health. Such an activity was undertaken by authorities at certain levels in Bosnia and Herzegovina, who publicly disclose personal data of infected persons, as well as of those who are in isolation or self-isolation. The disclosure of this information was carried out regardless of the fact that the specified persons did not violate any measures previously introduced by the authorities. Given the possible limitation of the right to the protection of personal data, the Personal Data Protection Agency in Bosnia and Herzegovina reacted. With its decision from 24. 03. 2020. the Agency banned the disclosure of such personal data, and has ordered the removal of publicly released information so far. The paper presents basic provision of the Law on personal data protection in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as the most important international conventions that protect the right to protection of personal data. However, the focus of this paper is on examining the legality of Agency's decision, through the criteria from Article 8, paragraph 2, of the European Convention on Human Rights. The analysis in the paper concludes that the Agency has justifiably forbidden the disclosure of the personal data in question and thus properly protected the personal data of infected persons as well as of persons in isolation. The measure taken by the authorities is a measure that is not necessary in a democratic society, and it is concluded that the pursuit of the legitimate aim of protecting public health could also be achieved by a more lenient measure.

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EAP Think Bridge - № 2020-17 - Oil Crisis: A Window of Opportunity for the Eastern Partnership

Author(s): Sergiy Gerasymchuk,Victor Chirila,Lasha Tughushi,Vadim Mojeiko,Richard Giragosian,Zohrab Ismayil,Igor Stukalenko / Language(s): English

The sharp collapse in world oil prices has opened a new window of opportunities for most of the Eastern Partnership countries. This is a chance for the “association club” countries to comply with European requirements and create the necessary energy stocks with minimal budget expenditures. In addition, the crisis has shown the importance of developing the infrastructure that connects the states of the region. The first batch of Azerbaijani oil was delivered to Belarusian refineries via Georgian and Ukrainian ports and Ukrainian oil pipelines and became a trump card in the negotiations between Minsk and Moscow. How has the oil crisis affected Russia’s behavior in the region? And what new opportunities do the Eastern Partnership countries face? We analyzed in the current issue. Nevertheless, the focus in the region, as well as in entire world, in April remained on combating the coronavirus pandemic and its economic and social consequences. Although countries are slowly starting to lift quarantine restrictions, the situation is far from normal. Azerbaijan has already felt a serious blow in the banking sector. In Armenia, small and medium-sized businesses received only a tiny share of promised support from the state. Belarus, contrary to the epidemic, held a national Saturday clean-up and is preparing for the May 9 parade. The capital is still closed in Georgia and curfews are in effect. In Moldova, the coronavirus has aggravated the domestic political crisis while the Constitutional Court blocked the package of anti-crisis measures adopted by the government. Meanwhile, in Ukraine, the governmental team faces staff shortages All the main April developments in the region are analyzed in our latest digest. //// CONTENT: Analytica: Oil Crisis: a Window of Opportunity for the Eastern Partnership // Azerbaijan: Supreme Court Discharged Two Opposition Members // Armenia’s Gradual Reopening // Coronavirus in Belarus: Controversial Decisions and European Solidarity // Georgia Gradually Comes out of Quarantine // Moldova: Economic Recession Seems Inevitable // Corona Crisis in Ukraine: Long-term Consequences are Inevitable

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Ideološka upotreba zaraznih bolesti

Author(s): Milan Ristović / Language(s): Serbian

Između suzbijanja i ideološke upotrebe zaraznih bolesti u okupiranoj Srbiji u Drugom svetskom ratu (predlog za dalje istraživanje) Iz zbornika „Svakodnevica i društveni odgovori na epidemijske krize 1914-2020“, nastalog u okviru naučno-istraživačkog projekta „Čovek i društvo u vremenu krize“, urednik zbornika Milan Ristović, izdavač Filozofski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu 2021. Na primeru organizacije suzbijanja dve zarazne bolesti, tifusa i sifilisa, razmatraju se neki segmenti biopolitike i prakse okupacionih i kolaboracionističkih vlasti i njihovo situiranje u ideološkopolitičkom rečniku.

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Dragi Agamben

Author(s): Donatella Di Cesare / Language(s): Croatian

Posle druge godine planetarne epidemije moramo među brojnim devastirajućim efektima goleme katastrofe navesti i jedan tragičan događaj koji je u potpunosti opsjeo filozofiju. Nazvat ću ga slučaj Agamben, ne da bih objektivizirala njegovog protagonista, kojem se, upravo suprotno, obraćam, praveći se da mu odnekud izdaleka upućujem pismo, već zato da bih podcrtala važnost tog događaja. Giorgio Agamben, sviđalo vam se to ili ne, bio je i jest najznačajniji filozof posljednjih desetljeća, ne samo u europskom, nego i svjetskom kontekstu. Od sjevernoameričkih sveučilišnih predavaonica do najzabačenijih latinoameričkih pobunjeničkih grupa, ime Agamben, na neki način čak i neovisno o samom filozofu, postalo je označitelj jednog novog kritičkog mišljenja. Za pripadnike moje generacije, koji su proživjeli 70-e, Agambenove knjige – iznad svega treba spomenuti „Homo sacer.

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Sledeća pandemija

Author(s): Sheila Jasanoff / Language(s): Serbian

Pandemija kovida 19 je unela zbrku u naše shvatanje sveta. Počelo je sa šokom, nastavilo se haosom i rasplinulo u teorijama zavere. Sa stanovišta politike, kovid je srušio naše predstave o postojanju reda i kontrole u našim zajednicama. Eksperti za zdravstvo zapravo decenijama upozoravaju na mogućnost izbijanja pandemije. Ali koliko god ona imala visoko mesto među globalnim izazovima, na koje su savetnici posebno skretali pažnju američkim predsednicima, ipak je iznenadila ovu i mnoge druge države. Kad svedemo bilans ovih 19 meseci pandemije, vidimo njen negativan uticaj na zdravstvo, ekonomiju i demokratiju. Kako da mislimo o krizi koja je do kraja oktobra 2021. odnela blizu 5 miliona života širom sveta, zaustavila ekonomski rast i ograničila društvene veze i lične slobode?

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Lignje u sosu

Author(s): Dejan Ilić / Language(s): Serbian

Vlasti u australijskoj državi Viktorija otpustiće preko 40 policajaca ako se ne vakcinišu do petka. Vlasti u Srbiji pravdaju se da ne mogu uvesti obaveznu vakcinaciju za državne službenike i to ne za sve, nego recimo za lekare, policajce i nastavnike jer – šta će ako ljudi daju otkaz zato što neće da se vakcinišu? Da, zaista, šta će? Ista ta vlast deli otkaze državnim službenicima šakom i kapom ako ljudi na izborima odbiju da glasaju za nju. Režim u Srbiji održava se na glasovima državnih službenika. Državni službenici (dakle i policajci) jesu plaćenička – ako hoćete: izdajnička – vojska režima.

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Savez antivaksera i radikalne desnice

Author(s): Paul Mason / Language(s): Serbian

„Nirnberški proces počinje 1. septembra“, vikao je demonstrant sa megafonom na ekipu BBC-a na antivakserskim protestima u Skarborou. „Omče su spremne… visićete zbog onoga što ste uradili ovoj zemlji“. Demonstranti u Brajtonu blokirali su centar za vakcinaciju i bacili dimnu bombu, zbog čega su termini morali da budu otkazani.

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Ona ne veruje

Author(s): Dejan Ilić / Language(s): Serbian

Više puta je Vladimir Gligorov na Peščaniku objašnjavao statistiku bolesti. Skretao je pažnju na to da se broj umrlih u Srbiji u protekloj godini i po znatno povećao u odnosu na prosek iz prethodnih godina. Zatim je sabrao zvanične podatke broja umrlih od kovida 19 i uporedio ih s ukupnim povećanim brojem umrlih te pokazao da je na hiljade više umrlih mimo bolesti. Zatim je predložio dva moguća objašnjenja – ili zvanična statistika umrlih od kovida 19 laže ili je zaraza znatno povećala smrtnost i od drugih bolesti u Srbiji. Objašnjenja se međusobno ne potiru, moguće je da su oba tačna. Šta god da je objašnjenje, u prvom koraku izvod je isti – u Srbiji ljudi umiru u velikom broju, znatno više nego ranije. I još: to je moglo da se izbegne. Krajnji izvod glasi: u Srbiji postoji „višak“ smrti.

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Smrt i mi

Author(s): Vesna Rakić Vodinelić / Language(s): Serbian

Kada, kako i zašto smo mi, građani Srbije odlučili da se pomirimo sa bolešću, čak i sa smrću? Pored sve (samo)hvale zbog nabavljenih respiratora, obilja vakcina raznih vrsta, novih kovid bolnica, tela obrazovanog samo za svrhu obuzdavanja pandemije, crna krivulja umrlih od kovida 19, dovela je Srbiju na svetski vrh – najviše umrlih na milion stanovnika je ovde, kod nas.

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Otvoreno pismo vlastima i građanima Srbije

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Serbian

Krizni štab praktično ne postoji, Ministar zdravlja i Vlada ne sprovode nikakve mere zaštite stanovništva. Za to vreme epidemija poprima razmere najgoreg decembarskog talasa sa rekordnim brojem zaraženih od početka pandemije, pri čemu ni broj umrlih ne zaostaje a vakcinacijom je obuhvaćeno jedva oko 40% stanovništva za 8 meseci masovne imunizacije. Stanje na terenu je takvo da su bolnice pune, mesta na respiratorima nema, čeka se po celu noć ispred bolnica za prijem.

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Taoci mračnjačke tuposti

Author(s): Rastislav Dinić / Language(s): Serbian

Svako ko je preživeo devedesete u Srbiji, lako će u aktuelnoj medijskoj slici naprednjačke Srbije prepoznati onu iz poslednje decenije prošlog veka. Pritom, nije stvar samo u tome što su televizije sa nacionalnom frekvencijom uključene u celodnevnu režimsku propagandu, već i u tome što programom ovih televizija paradiraju šarlatani najrazličitijih fela – samoproklamovani iscelitelji, beli magovi, vračevi, sektolozi i lovci na masone. Posebno mesto u ovoj menažeriji zauzimaju borci protiv vakcinacije – besramni lažovi koji svojim budalaštinama ugrožavaju živote hiljada ljudi.

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Razlomci

Author(s): Dejan Ilić / Language(s): Serbian

Ministru prosvete je, imam utisak, sve teže da ostane ozbiljan. A jedino može još to – da glumi ozbiljnost. Računa se ovako: ako je ozbiljan, onda valjda zna šta radi. Ne zna. I samo što ne pukne od smeha zbog stvari koje izgovara. Do juče je bilo, ako je dvoje ili 10 odsto dece u razredu zaraženo, taj razred prelazi na nastavu online. Na suvislu primedbu da je u našim razredima dvoje uglavnom daleko od 10 odsto dece, ministar je ostao nem. Na stranu sad što je teško praktično tačno ustanoviti koliko je 10 odsto u odeljenjima od 25 do 30 i nešto učenika. Da li će se precizno ustanovljenih 10 odsto zaokruživati na gornji ili donji celi broj u postotku? Ministar nem.

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