Když jsem na začátku vysoké školy zjistil, že se mohu profesně věnovat pouze měkkýšům, bylo rozhodnuto
Interview with Michal Horsák.
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Interview with Michal Horsák.
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The crew of maritime ship includes the captain and other personnel who are entered in the crew list to perform different duties on ship. In this paper, authors analyse and compare the legal sources of the Croatian law on liability for damages caused by physical injury, death or health impairment of a crew member (seaman or seafarer). The authors describe legal provisions contained in the derogated Maritime Code (1994), the present Maritime Code (2004)and the Civil Obligation Act (2005). In their concluding remarks, they point out that the Croatian legal solutions could be regarded as being very successful.
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In most legal systems, at the current level of development of legal relations, there is a tendency view for the damage caused by the deficiency of products, and it existed at the time of its selling period, objectively its producer bears the responsibility. Besides an evident fact that medical means have product's character, there is a a question related to damage a patient suffers from a medical means with deficiency, can besides a producer, also be responsible a health employee/health institution that by using such means caused damage to a patient. Although, with the effort of health employees, responsibility for this damage has been mostly on producers of medical means, where they had the support of a court practice, it is evident there is also a higher need for health employees/health institutions to be responsible for this damage.
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The contribution is on recreational endurance running on moderate intensity as a health support. We point out its positive effects on physiological function, e.g. pleasurable experience, higher insulin sensitivity, rest heart parasympathomimetic regulation. We should to limit risks of injuries, overuse and collapses. Therefore we recommend the near natural running – in nature, on uneven path, as well as to try for a fore-foot landing and of minimalist shoes.
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Acute poisoning (intoxication) is a state caused by a poisonous substance. This substance enters into the body and can cause organ damage or the death of an individual. Negative effects of smoking, alcohol, drugs and pharmaceutics on the human body should be a challenge for rigorous enforcement of prevention activities across the community. The most important is to avoid the health threat of the most risky groups of children and young people.
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Physical inactivity is a primary cause of most chronic noncommunicable diseases. Sufficient daily physical activity (PA) in childhood, in adulthood and in advanced age is associated with aerobic fitness. Better-than-average VO2 max could mean that fitness age is younger than calendar age in years. Reported increased levels of PA and fitness were found reducing in relative risk of death. Important question is – how much physical activity do adults need? Adults need at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity and muscle strengthening activities work of all major muscle groups on 2 or more days a week. For additional health benefits, adults should increase their moderate-intensity aerobic PA to 300 minutes per week, or engage in 150 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic PA per week, or an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity. Elderly subjects should include exercises to enhance balance. When older adults cannot do the recommended amounts of PA due to health conditions, they should be as physically active as their abilities allow. In some subjects the incorporation of high intensity interval training (HIIT) into a general conditioning program will optimize the development of cardiorespiratory fitness.
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Recently great attention has been paid to a healthy lifestyle. More and more people are becoming conscious of the necessity to take care of their own health and to prevent the diseases and illnesses. Healthy lifestyle is the basic necessity of life and it is necessary to initiate it in early childhood. This article presents the research findings. The research was realized among pupils from the primary and secondary school. The research was focused on factors which have a negative effect on their health. The method of the quantitative research, a technique of a questionnaire, was used. One hundred pupils of a particular primary school were approached. The aim of the research was to examine their knowledge and habits in the field of healthy lifestyle. It was focused on food, water intake, sleep, sport, leisure activities, tabacco smoking, alcoholism and drug abuse.
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Using an anonymous questionnaire of 27 items, a sample of 485 pupils of 4 high schools in Brno was approached. The research was focused on the level of knowledge about diabetes, obesity and high blood pressure, and selected factors of lifestyle. It was not found that girls know significantly more than boys about civilization diseases and healthy lifestyle. Likewise, the difference in knowledge between pupils of first and fourth grades was not verified either. Similarly, it was not confirmed that schools that are generally aimed at having a greater understanding of the problem than schools that are more profiled and focus on mathematics or informatics.
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Hospital Pelhřimov is a member of the Health Promoting Hospitals since 2011. Improving of the health literacy of the population is one of the aims of the program. Children population needs the specific approach, we implement the activities through the school educational program as well. Pilot project was in 2011 and it is divided to the 4 age categories nowadays. It is realised throught interactive seminars and it is for the preschool children and basic school children. We have educated more than 2500 children.
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The aim of the pilot monitoring is to identify the situation in the school environment in relation to the body posture of younger school aged children. In the case study classes, we are monitoring the weight of school bags that pupils carry on their backs on a daily basis. Pilot case studies were conducted in 2015-2016 at three schools in the Czech Republic. The results of the survey will serve as a basis for further extensive research into the specific factors of the school environment and their impact on the body posture of children.
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Children under-five health care and well-being is critical to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. An effective and sustained health system drives health care delivery and leverages effective healthcare outcomes, –particularly among mothers and under-five children. This study reviewed Ghana's health financing policy, the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS), and its consequent impact on early childhood (0-5 month) healthcare outcomes. Drawing upon qualitative fieldwork in Ghana, the study made use of semi-structural interviews with women within the reproductive age (15-50 years) from a diverse working background (including officials from the GHS and selected hospitals) in three selected study areas in the Western Region of Ghana. Institutional data from National Health Insurance Authority, World Bank, and Ghana Health Service were used to complement the interviews. The study revealed that though the national health insurance scheme is positively correlated with good childhood outcome, its implementation does not deliver on its intended purpose of closing the inequality gap in child healthcare. The study recommends that national health insurance coverage be expanded through a partnership with private medical insurance and service providers to enable pregnant women and nursing mothers have easy access to healthcare.
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Patient's outlook and opinions need to be taken increasingly into consideration, because they are the ones who consume the services and are therefore provided with more valuable information on the manner and quality of the services being offered. For this reason, the assessment of patient opinion on the general aspects of hospital care, collected during hospital stay, could provide an opportunity to identify potential areas where patients are satisfied or dissatisfied, as well as to present a general picture regarding the quality of services provided by the hospital, in order to take appropriate action to improve them. The aim of this paper is to present a set of perceptions about the quality of health services that patients receive during their hospitalization in public hospitals in Albania, focusing particularly on two research questions or topics, general satisfaction with hospital services and the rating of hospital health services though patient perceptions. Methodologically, this paper is initially based on primary research, most notably through the SERVPERF method, where the quality of hospital services is evaluated through measuring 5 component dimensions: Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy. The instrument used was a questionnaire, answered by 115 patients hospitalized at the regional hospital in Durres City, one of the largest hospitals in Albania. The data collected were processed and aggregated to conclude in the overall assessment of the quality of hospital services from the patient point of view with regard to responsiveness (best evaluated), followed by assurance, reliability, empathy and tangible elements.
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Talent management has gained more and more attention in recent years; however, current research focuses mainly on developing concepts, constructions and definitions. Despite numerous studies, talent management has not been the subject of extensive research in reference to different types of organizations. In healthcare organizations, the demand for highly qualified employees, who can be considered as talents, is emphasized. Employees with exceptional abilities are a valuable, rare and sought after resource. Until now, studies on talent management in healthcare organizations are rare, and the need for such research is self-evident. Difficult economic conditions and strong employment trends are a serious challenge for talent management in healthcare organizations. Specialists in the field of talent management in healthcare have to constantly pursue three strategic goals: cost reduction, improvement of patient satisfaction and improvement of patient safety. The purpose of this article is to assess the current state of talent management in healthcare organizations and the steps that can be taken to move closer to the high impact talent management function. The methodology was based on the analysis of the literature on the subject concerning public healthcare organizations in the world and own research. Effective talent management can help health care organizations save time, money and reduce inefficiencies.
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The aim of the research was to find out the lay population beliefs about the causes of depression and whether it has an impact on the assessment of the seriousness of the causes of depression professional interests, experience with a person with mental disorder, age and sex. The sample consists of 131 respondents (98 women and 33 men). Beliefs about the causes of depression we investigated 77-item questionnaire evaluation single cause of depression in severity by Likert scale. Results were statistically processed using One-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test. For the major causes of depression respondents considered serious life events related to loss and trauma and the least serious grounds related to lifestyle. To assess the severity of the individual causes of depression had the largest effect of experience with a man with a mental disorder.
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The thesis is a partial analysis of data from the research „Health-Enhancing and Health-Threatening Behaviour: Determinants, Models, and Implications“. The thesis deals with the impact of selected constructs of optimism − dispositional optimism and defensive pessimism on health behaviour. The effect of these constructs on subjective health was also studied, as well as the health behaviour, subjective health and its relation to social support. Specifically the number of confidants, satisfaction with personal relationships and feelings of loneliness were examined. Finally the effect of age on the above mentioned areas was examined. The study is based on quantitative research. The research sample consists of 171 respondents − seniors aged 60 to 93 years. For the purpose of data collection selected methods from a complex research test battery were used: The Health Related Behaviour Scale, Subjective health inventory, Questionnaire of social support, Defensive Pessimism Questionnaire (DPQ). Dispositional optimism was measured by Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R). The strongest relations were discovered between all previously described variables and the Mental hygiene factor. Dispositional optimism and components of social support like the number of confidants and satisfaction with personal relationships proved to have a positive impact on mental hygiene. Defensive pessimism and perceived loneliness on the other hand affect this area negatively. Similar relations have also been demonstrated in the field of subjective health. Optimistic individuals and those satisfied with their relationships reported fewer health problems specifically on the level of mental health. Defensive pessimists as well as individuals who often feel lonely evinced psychological problems more often.
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This paper deals with the topic of mistakes in decision making of paramedics in conditions of simulated task of mass casualty incident. In this research participated 155 paramedics, whose task was to classify injured according to the START (Simple triage and rapid treatment) system. We analyze incidence of mistakes, tendency to undervalue and overvalue cases in the context of need for cognitive structure and preference for rationality and experientiality.
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The paper deals with the problem of some personality aspects of blood donors that are conceptualised like the dimensions of five-factor personality model. In the theoretical passage of this paper are remarked also other approaches to study of this problem in short oveview. For the identification personality dimension was employed NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), that was applicated in sample univerzity students (n = 940) in Ostrava. The research result show, that the blood donors, male and female (n = 127), demonstrate higher level of the extraversion than nondonors (n = 813). Male donors show higher level of the agreeableness than male nondonors and female donors prove lover level of the neuroticism than female nondonors. This research findings can be use in recruitment of new blood donors for example.
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Decision making styles do not mediate the relationship between perceived stress and subjectively assessed effectiveness of decision making. Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire (MDMQ) is one of the most used measures for the assessment of decision making styles. It is based on conflict theory, which states that the level of stress during making decisions affects the use of adaptive or maladaptive decision making styles, subsequently affecting decision making effectiveness. This study aims to test conflict theory by testing the mediation effect of decision making styles in the relationship between perceived stress and subjective decision making effectiveness of decisions (SDME). Data were collected in 2010 among Slovak health care professionals: nurses, paramedics and emergency links operators (N=206, mean age 39.4 years; SD 9.5 years; 22.5% males). Perceived stress was measured by a 10-items version of Perceived Stress Scale, decision making styles by the MDMQ, and SDME by a 100 mm visual analogue scale. Perceived stress was negatively associated with SDME (r=0.32; p<0.001). Only two of the four decision making styles (procrastination and hypervigilance) were significantly associated with both perceived stress and SDME. The mediation effect was not confirmed in any of these two styles. Although the self-reported and cross-sectional nature of this study and a big conceptual overlap among the studied variables are limiting factors, the results of our study question the validity of conflict theory as applied in the MDMQ.
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Evaluating hospitals' efficiency in Poland is vital considering in the light of limited public funds dedicated to healthcare. As such, employing a mechanism capable of identifying inefficiencies by hospital administrators would be conducive to the quality of the services delivered. The aim of this article is to ascertain the merits of efficiency measures as instruments of monitoring and distributing resources, by focusing on the clinical departments of provincial specialist hospital in Olsztyn in Poland. The hospital under perspective, provides diagnostics, therapy, care, specialist advice, education prevention and health promotion. Efficiency of hospital departments was measured using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The distribution of efficiency and the ranking of clinical departments was compared across surgical and non-surgical departments’ profile. Input and output data was collected from the hospital database for 19 578 patients admitted to 14 departments between January and June 2017. The research shows that only 5 clinical departments (35.71%) run efficiently. These were the Departments of Hematology, Gynecology, Vascular Surgery, Rehabilitation and Ophthalmology. Most of them provide surgical procedures. The least efficient was the Department of Transplantology and General Surgery. The paper’s findings could potentially inform manager’s choices in relation to increasing efficiency. Since hospital managers have more control over their inputs, they may devote more attention to the examination of total inefficiencies generated by excessive input usage.
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Monitoring of population health is an important indicator of regional development. The paper deals with the incidence of cancer cases in Czech population, the differences in individual regions are shown and discussed in relation to the health policy and target prevention programs. The aim of this contribution is to map cancer incidence from the perspective of the regions and to map activities at central and regional level, which aimed at the prevention issues. Data and Methods: Epidemiology analysis is based on data from the Czech National Cancer Registry and the associated portal svod was especially needed for the regional issue of the cancer incidence. It was found that the issue of differences in the incidence of the particular types of cancer among individual regions is not a negligible one. e.g. Plzeňský region is an absolute leader in the incidence of colorectal cancer. We also mapped prevention activities in the Czech Republic in relation to the availability of special screening centres in individual regions.
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