ИСТОРИЧЕСКО РАЗВИТИЕ НА МЕЖДУНАРОДНОТО СЪТРУДНИЧЕСТВО В ОБЛАСТТА НА ЗДРАВЕОПАЗВАНЕТО

Author(s): Stanislav Pavlov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

The roots of the World Health Organization (WHO) can be traced to the development of the international community’s efforts since the mid-nineteenth century to regulate health issues. They are in response to pandemic threats to Western Europe. Due to the new technologies for shipping and the development of rail transport, increased world trade and travel, cholera and subsequently yellow fever and bubonic plague are leaving their traditional endemic places in the colonies and poorer countries and reach the economically advanced countries of Western Europe. Many Europeans are beginning to believe that a period of real progress on sanitation could occur in the mid-nineteenth century. This article examines the historical development of international health cooperation from the mid-19th century to the creation of the World Health Organization in 1948.

Медиите и Covid 19: Комуникационно-информационни предизвикателства

Author(s): Violeta Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

The present study is based on the results of a sociological survey conducted by the method of "individual direct online survey," among 609 respondents from all over the country, during the period 29 of April till 3 of May 2020, with scientific supervisor Prof. Dobrinka Peicheva, Ph.D., Dr. Habill, and members of the scientific -research team - Prof. Valentina Milenkova, Assoc. Prof. Mario Marinov, Chief Assistant Ph.D. Dilyana Keranova, Ph.D. Violeta Nikolova. The study analyzes and interprets the results obtained, validating the trust in the media, through the reliability and comprehensiveness of the information they disseminate about the global pandemic, on the one hand, and the relationship between the assessment of the government's crisis and the level of fear of infection to another.

Inequalities, Vulnerabilities, and Discrimination in the Context of COVID-19

Author(s): Daniela Rovenţa Frumuşani,Valentina Marinescu / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

От комплексност към страх и оптимизъм вCOVID-19 ежедневието

Author(s): Plamen Atanasov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2020

The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 developed into a crisis of civilizational type. The interactions within society are more complicated: the present is high complexity, apparent confusion, low social trust levels, and fear among people. This leads to conspiracy theories and behavioural infections ranging from depressions to aggression, while simultaneously, it creates the need for hope and optimism. The paper aims to show that overcoming the social estrangement and balancing fear with optimism and hope is essential for the future of social reality. The paper utilizes existing scientific developments from the fields of psychology, sociology, and the media and publicly available articles from the mass media. Based on them is defined the problem which is set out as the consequence of unresolved matters around the neoliberalism which is infiltrating the social interactions; the fear and the conspiracy theories, and the poorly understood need for optimism and hope. The focus is also set on these problems entering the mass media, where the situation is unusual, as far as the fear of COVID-19 is concerned. In these circumstances, both society and the media must evaluate their attitude towards neoliberal policies and find their balance between fear and the need for hope.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЕТО НА КЛИМАТА И ВЛИЯНИЕТО МУ ВЪРХУ ЗДРАВЕТО ПРЕЗ ПРИЗМАТА НА СЗО/ЕВРОПА

Author(s): Gabriela Belova,Anna Hristova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

Climate changes, such as rising temperatures and changing weather patterns, have certain consequences associated with the loss of individual’s favorable physical and mental health or productivity. The authors review recent WHO/Europe documents that analyze important factors: extreme heat waves, air mass movement, changed precipitation patterns, melting Arctic ice and global warming, and their impact on the health status of Europe’s population, namely increase in cardiovascular, respiratory and some infectious diseases. The consequences like worsening of food security, economic inequality and the situation of vulnerable groups have also been addressed.

Relationship Between Religion and Health on the Topic of Euthanasia

Author(s): Yana Fileva / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

In 1963 Michel Foucault writes that his book “The Birth of the Clinic” is about space, language, and death, about perception. There is a shift of societal problems to the field of medicine, in other words, modernity formulates some social problems through medical categories. But in fact, questions that seem purely medical are often a product of social factors. In society, medicine is a conservative force that maintains the status quo and distracts from major threats to human health. The growth of individualism, the desire for autonomy, and the decline of religiosity allow discussions around death, tolerance of mystery, and euthanasia. For example, in Canada, 2021 marks five full years of access to medical assistance in dying. In 2021, there were 10 064 cases, bringing the total number to 31 664. Annual growth continues to increase steadily each year. Are the major religions capable of facing that challenge?

Families in Times of Crisis: Narratives of Family and Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Slovakia

Author(s): Soňa Lutherová G.,Ľubica Voľanská / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2024

Societal narratives about families, ranging from individual discourses to public discourse, do not always reflect the reality of family lives. This is also valid for Narratives of Return (NoR), which propose a return to a “natural” family order and lean on conservative ideological values. However, such a notion does not rely on actual past and present social practice but tries to reshape it. It deliberately omits the variety of existing forms and relationships present among families. During the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia, many processes, patterns, and problems in society became more visible. The crisis put particular pressure on families and intergenerational relationships, mainly regarding care. This paper analyses micro-narratives about families, relationships, and care, juxtaposed to actual practice, during the pandemic. We rely on data from a twoyear-long ethnographic research project using online surveys, ethnographic interviews, and autobiographical texts. We compare these data with political discourse and its presentation in media, where we looked for aspects of NoR. It seems that the political discourse was primarily focused on securing public health but was at the same time oriented towards particular problems (such as natality or abortions), constructing an ideological narrative with specific family structures in mind (in accordance with NoR). Simultaneously, it put older adults at the forefront as a uniform social group that was vulnerable and dependent on others, omitting their function as caregivers of the youngest generation in the family.

EXAMINING THE INFLUENCE OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON MENTORING NOVICE ACADEMICS IN ONLINE DISTANCE EDUCATION AND LEARNING (ODEL)

Author(s): SALTIEL K.C. MATABOGE / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The purpose of the article seeks to examine the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on mentoring novice academics involved in Open and Distance Learning (ODEL). The main research question guiding this qualitative inquiry is: "How has the Covid-19 pandemic influenced the mentoring experiences of novice academics in the realm of Open and Distance Learning?" The thesis of this article is that the pandemic posed unprecedented challenges which affected the mentoring relationships of novice academics within the context of ODEL. The qualitative data collection methods were utilized to capture the nuanced aspects of the mentoring process during the pandemic. Literature review served as the primary means of data collection, drawing insights from existing scholarly works to inform the understanding of the mentoring dynamics in the ODEL environment. The study adopted an interpretive paradigm, relying on the interpretation of findings from other scholars' research as well as extracting meaningful insights from the experiences shared in the literature. The analysis was also rooted in the interpretative lens or paradigm. Findings suggest that the unprecedented challenges caused by the pandemic had devastating long term implications on mentoring relationships in the broader discourse within the everchanging landscape of ODEL. Some of the challenges include the following, novice academics were left with no choice but to migrate to online or electronic platforms without the requisite knowledge, skills, literacy and relevant training as they grappled with their daily research activities, virtual platforms are dependent entirely on the access or availability of internet which was not the case. factors like lack of internet connectivity, absence of electricity, intermittent load shedding and limited access to essential infrastructure

Biomarkery spojené s individuálnou rádiosenzitivitou

Author(s): Martin Patin,Martin Bereta,Jaromír Tupý,Lucián Zastko / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2024

This paper, as a part of a basic review, focuses on biomarkers that are associated with individual radiosensitivity of patients. This topic is nowadays directly connected with the research in oncology, especially in the radiation oncology, where more individualized and more effective form of therapy is requested for a long time.The biomarkers together with other innovative methods could be helpful. This brief review includes several basic categories of biomarkers and their detection methods that could be used in the field of conventional radiotherapy in the near future. These biomarkers are mainly associated with cellular processes that take place before and after the patient´s body is irradiated. Research in this area is still progressing and therefore we expect promising application of these biomarkers in a clinical practice.

Pohybová aktivita u pacientov s onkologickým ochorením

Author(s): Mária Novysedláková,Katarína Zrubáková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2024

In the rehabilitation of cancer patients, a specific approach is important, which depends on the affected site, the histological type of the tumour, the stage of the disease, the progress of the cancer treatment, the age of the patient, the prognosis, the psychological state and the social background. The aim of this paper is to use the narrative review method, to summarize and to interpret the findings of studies dealing with physical activity interventions for selected cancer symptoms. We reviewed published studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of outcomes related to physical activity in cancer patients using the Medline/PubMed database. In the published studies, the authors provided ample evidence that adequate specifically dosed aerobic, resistance, or combined training can improve depressive symptoms, anxiety, fatigue, physical performance, and health-related quality of life. Experts in the literature have emphasized the need for studies focusing on the benefits of physical activity exercise also in the prevention and management of other sequelae of cancer disease and its treatment.

Kultur und Werte, Blut und Boden: Siebenbürgisch-sächsische Biopolitik in den „langen“ 1920er-Jahren

Author(s): Florian Kührer-Wielach / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2023

The paper deals with the topic of eugenics (“Erbgesundheitslehre” or “Rassenhygiene”) among the Germans in Romania, which was mainly carried by Transylvanian Saxon actors. Based on Tudor Georgescu’s monograph The Eugenic Fortress: The Transylvanian Saxon Experiment in Interwar Romania (2016), the topic is analyzed in depth for the 1920s. Using Heinrich Siegmund’s Sächsisches Wehr- und Mehrbuch, which was published in 1914 and in a revised form in 1922, as well as other source examples, it is shown that the eugenic discourse was not only a transfer from the “West” to Transylvanian Saxony, but took on a specific form. The central actors of the biopolitical discourse among the Transylvanian Saxons, especially Heinrich Siegmund and later Alfred Csallner, acted in an interpersonal and intertextual network, especially one supported by institutions, that was primarily connected to Germany—the exchange on eugenics was thus a reciprocal process, not an exclusively one-sided “import” from the “West.” However, it is further noted that there was relatively little demonstrable exchange with Romanian and Hungarian eugenicists. The implementation of the teachings of eugenics was intended to counter a demographically induced decrease in the population of the German minority. The main target was the younger generation, especially in rural areas—this milieu was seen as having the best chances of resisting the “decline” by means of biopolitical measures. On the one hand, the analyzed discourse reveals the intertwining of traditional and contemporary topoi; on the other hand, a radicalization of biopolitical concepts can be seen parallel to political developments.

TJELESNA VISINA I MASA UČENIKA BEHRAM-BEGOVE MEDRESE

Author(s): Edin Brigić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 5/2019

Rad se temelji na statističkoj analizi tjelesne visine i mase učenika i učenica Behram-begove medrese. Visina i masa tijela su bitni pokazatelji rasta, razvoja i zdrastvenog stanja osobe. Osnovni cilj rada je istražiti da li postoji statistički značajna razlika između dječaka i djevojčica na osnovu pokazatelja somatskog rasta, visine i mase tijela, u periodu srednjoškolskog obrazovanja, te da li postoji značajna razlika ovih bioloških osobina između generacija učenika. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo kvantitativne osobine rasta i razvoja kod 125 učenica i 128 učenika uzrasta od 14 do 18 godina, ukupno 253 ispitanika. Antropometrijski podaci za tjelesnu visinu i masu učenika i učenica dobijeni su od profesora tjelesnog i zdravstvenog odgoja u školskoj 2017/18. godini. Uzorak su činili podaci o učenicima i učenicama iz četiri sukcesivne generacije i to učenici I, II, III i IV razreda. Podaci su obrađeni u statističkim programima Excel i Arcus Quickstat u kojima su urađene mjere centralne tendencije i t-test za nezavisne uzorke. Rezultati pokazuju da je najveći godišnji prirast tjelesne visine učenika između 14. i 16. godine života. U 18. godini života učenici ove škole su prosječno visoki 178,02 cm, a učenice 167,5 cm, dok je prosječna tjelesna masa učenika u 18 godini 70 kg, a učenica 62 kg. Razlike u ovim antropometrijskim svojstvima nastaju početkom adolescencije, a intenzivno se povećavaju sve do 18. godine života, poslije čega dolazi do neznatnog opadanja tjelesne mase. Značajani faktori u održavanju optimalne tjelesne mase i zdravstvenog stanja učenika i učenica ove škole su pravilna ishrana i svakodnevne sportske aktivnosti, koje su sastavni dio njihovog internatskog života.

Alternative Legal Bases for Processing Health Data for Scientific Research Purposes

Author(s): Roxanne Meilak Borg,Mireille Martine Caruana / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The processing of health data for scientific research purposes requires a legal basisunder Article 6 and a justification under Article 9 (2) GDPR by way of an exceptionto the general prohibition in Art. 9(1) of the processing of special category data.Consent tends to be highly advocated for in this regard, in both literature and practice.However, the GDPR permits an alternative option: processing for scientific researchpurposes based on Union or Member State law which provides for suitable andspecific safeguarding measures. This paper undertakes an in-depth examination ofthe ‘research exception’ in Art. 9 (2) (j) GDPR permitting the processing of healthdata for scientific research purposes, thoroughly considering its elements and itsimplications. It refers to examples of Member State implementing legislation andthe proposed European Health Data Space Regulation for illustration purposes andargues that if implemented faithfully, Art. 9 (2) (j) strikes a better balance betweenthe interests of the various stakeholders than consent, which is overall burdensomeand may hinder research. Finally, in light of the uneven implementation of theGDPR’s research exception by the Member States which creates considerable legaluncertainties and results in barriers to the free flow of research data across the EU,this paper calls for a harmonised implementing Union law in this regard.

Нови книги - „Проучвания на болестен товар анализ на болестния товар в България 1990-2019“.

Author(s): Nevyana Feschieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

The Impact of Stress on Child Development and Healthcare Interventions for Children with Chronic Illnesses in Albania

Author(s): Brunilda Hoxhaj,Dora Karagjozi / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2024

This study is of paramount importance for advancing healthcare and improving the quality of life for children with chronic diseases in Albania. Chronic illnesses in children present significant challenges that extend beyond the physical aspects of the disease. These conditions often require continuous medical management and can have substantial emotional and psychological impacts. In Albania, it is estimated that approximately 15-20% of children are affected by chronic illnesses. Among these children, about 30-40% experience high levels of stress, which can significantly impact their overall health and well-being. Understanding the relationship between stress and chronic illnesses is crucial for developing effective healthcare strategies. Stress can exacerbate the symptoms of chronic diseases and contribute to a deterioration in the child’s condition. This study aims to explore the intricate relationship between stress and health interventions, analyzing how stress impacts the health and well-being of children with chronic illnesses. It investigates whether increased stress levels are associated with worsening of the child’s condition and evaluates the effectiveness of various health interventions in mitigating this stress. The methodology of the study includes using surveys to measure stress levels among children and medical monitoring to identify changes in their health status in relation to stress. The hypotheses guiding this research suggest that elevated stress levels may significantly increase symptoms and the risk of worsening chronic conditions. By examining these relationships, the study seeks to confirm the importance of stress management in the healthcare and treatment of children with chronic illnesses. The findings reveal a noticeable link between stress levels and the worsening of chronic illnesses, underscoring the critical need for effective stress management strategies. The results suggest that psychosocial interventions and family support are essential components in reducing stress and improving the quality of life for these children. Practical implications of the study include the development and implementation of targeted interventions designed to address the specific stressors faced by children with chronic conditions, potentially enhancing their overall care and support. However, the study does have limitations. Measuring stress and accounting for other variables that may affect health can be challenging, and these factors may impact the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the findings. Despite these limitations, the study’s insights have significant social implications. A deeper understanding of how stress affects health can contribute to the development of more effective policies and practices, fostering better healthcare environments for children with chronic illnesses. Overall, this study provides valuable new perspectives on the impact of stress on children with chronic conditions and highlights the necessity of effective interventions. By addressing both the physical and psychological aspects of chronic illness management, the study aims to improve the overall quality of life for affected children, reduce healthcare costs, and support their emotional and social well-being

A Retrospective Comparative Analysis of 'Code White' Reporting in a University Hospital on the Extent of Violence in Healthcare Settings

Author(s): Nevzat Devebakan,Hazel Bağci,Hanife Sariçam,Neslihan Sari / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The objective of this study was to examine and contrast the incidence of violence reported by White Code in a university hospital in Turkey and to analyse the phenomenon of workplace violence in terms of related variables. The study included 477 cases of violence against health workers reported between 2018 and 2023. The data were collected using a complete census method. Descriptive statistics and a chi-square test were employed for the statistical evaluation. Results: The majority of those subjected to violence were doctors (69.6%). The emergency services were the setting in which violence was encountered most frequently (51.6%). It was observed that physicians were exposed to verbal violence more than other occupational groups. There was a difference between years according to the type of violence, and violence was mostly caused by miscommunication. Consequently, it would be beneficial to adopt a multidisciplinary approach to the evaluation of the consequences of violence on healthcare professionals.

EVALUATION OF TEACHERS' OPINIONS ABOUT THE PROBLEMS EXPERIENCED IN DISTANCE EDUCATION PROCESS

Author(s): Ali Osman Engin / Language(s): English Issue: 64/2024

Distance education in the field of education is also one of the applications that entered our lives with the emergence of Covid-19. As of March 23, 2020, 12 days after the first case was seen, the one-week break in education ended and the EBA platform was entered into the distance education process. This platform, which was used intensively by teachers and students during this process, provided and continues to provide services to education and training individuals during the distance education process. New concepts and approaches have entered the lives of educators and students with the distance education period. Since teachers had to teach their lessons remotely, they had to change the plans, materials, techniques, approaches, etc. they used in face-to-face education. With these situations, teachers encountered new situations that they had little or no experience with before. Many elements such as teaching over the internet, assigning homework using a platform and ensuring control, conducting evaluation activities remotely, addressing students without face-to-face interaction and ensuring discipline can be presented as examples of these newly encountered situations. Teachers were expected to cope with such situations and teach their lessons in a healthy way. We can say that this causes the pressure on teachers to increase and they experience problems in terms of professional satisfaction. We see that 50% of our teachers who were caught unprepared in this regard received in-service training on distance education, and we can say that this situation causes teachers to experience adaptation problems. Considering the ages of the teachers, it was understood that all of the teachers had problems in the lessons carried out during the distance education process. This research aims to help identify and eliminate the problems in this area by obtaining the opinions of teachers working in schools affiliated with the Ministry of National Education, who have worked intensively in this process, about the problems that arise in distance education. In this study conducted with 40 teachers, it is possible to say that the problems of the teachers are grouped under three main headings. These were determined as “infrastructure problems, technical problems, low participation in the lesson”.

Staranje za bosanskohercegovačke ratne invalide tokom Prvog svjetskog rat (1914-1918)

Author(s): Salkan Užičanin / Language(s): Bosnian,English Issue: 10/2024

The paper analyzes the state’s and society’s concern for Bosnian war invalids during the First World War. In particular, they point to the fact that initially the organization of care for war invalids encountered serious organizational and material problems, because there were no institutions and facilities for that purpose in the country. The weakly developed network of health institutions, in terms of personnel and space, was taken aback by the sudden influx of wounded and sick soldiers returning from the battlefield. Certain types of diseases, such as tuberculosis and some other Bosnian diseases, could not be adequately treated by the domestic health system even until the end of the war. The main task of the authorities in the beginning was treatment, and later the range of care for the wounded and sick was significantly expanded. They especially tried to provide social care for the disabled, and then institutions were established for their rehabilitation, retraining and training for self-employment. Special governmental institutions established during the war, as well as the nongovernmental sector, worked on this.

CHANGES IN TEACHING METHODS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN ROMANIA

Author(s): Valentina Marinescu,Silvia Branea,Daniela ROVENȚA-FRUMUȘANI / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2024

Objectives. During the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous measures have been taken worldwide, and, in this context, teachers were put in a position to adapt teaching to the virtual space and learn the ways of online teaching on the go. The aim of this study was to answer the question: What were the main online teaching methods currently used by Romanian pre-university teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic? Material and methods. The research methodology used was the focus group. Between September 9 and 11, 2021, four focus groups were held online with 18 teachers from pre-university education in Romania. Results. Most of the teachers had mixed assessments of online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Teachers identified several types of problems they faced during this pandemic. In terms of technical difficulties, they talked about the lack of appropriate technology or the existence of problems related to the Internet connection. From the perspective of social difficulties, they mentioned new types of relationships among teacher, child, and parent and the emergence of new social roles for the child and parent in the educational process. Conclusions. This study shows that there were numerous challenges faced by Romanian teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Teachers had to adapt to the new challenges and develop a skill set required in online teaching: learning to creatively use digital tools; more efficient use of already existing online teaching platforms; attending training courses to refine the social and psychological skills needed in online interactions with students.

THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PEOPLE UNDER THE AGE OF 60 AND OVER THE AGE OF 60 IN COVID-19 VACCINATION RATES AND VACCINE BRAND PERCEPTION

Author(s): Denis Tomše,Rok Strašek,Jani Toroš / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

This article deals with differences in users’ perception towards COVID-19 vaccination and towards individual COVID-19 vaccine brands. Since COVID-19 is much more dangerous to the elderly population, this article deals with differences between those under the age of 60 and those over the age of 60. The results show that there are some differences between those two groups. For the group of people under the age of 60, the duration of protection is more important (39%), while the brand of vaccine is less important (25%). In contrast, the vaccine brand is of much greater importance (34%) and the duration of protection less important (25%) for the group of people over the age of 60. The study also showed differences in relation to individual brands of COVID-19 vaccines, with both groups preferring Pfizer to other brands, which is not surprising, since there was the least amount of negative media coverage about Pfizer, especially compared to AstraZeneca. The vaccine brand is surprisingly more important to those over the age of 60 than to those under the age of 60, while the effectiveness of the vaccine is equally important for both groups and both groups are equally sensitive to duration and side effects of the vaccine.