We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
The aim of this article is to show the necessity of integrated efforts of the state, society and a person in order to overcome the increase of drug using in the country, especially among young people. So on the basis of numbers and facts, the analysis of the present situation has been done. The investigation shows that drug using is increasing rapidly and attempts to stabilize it have failed. On the basis of this situation the another draws the presumption which could be the background for prevention and stabilization of the situation in the country.
More...
The problem of the pedagogical interaction between the penitentiary workers and the inmates is a topical issue in Lithuania today. The essence of the constructive interaction is empathy, and the aim of the interaction is to create and make the members of the interaction more cooperative with each other. The opposite effect to that of the interaction brings about unnatural and abnormal behavior both of the trainers and their trainees. The aim of the article is to set the peculiarities of the interaction between the workers of the penitentiary institutions and the inmates, and to look at the perspectives of improving their penitentiary activities and pedagogical interaction.
More...
In the article the conception of drug using in scientific literature and legislation of Lithuania is analysed. Drug using is showed as a complicated social phenomenon. It is substantiated that the content of the term „ drug using" and its application is not set in and concept presented in National legislation is narrow and one - sided. In the article shortcoming and insufficiency of widely used conceptions are revealed and substantiated. It is stated that the narrowness of the conception can become a serious obstacle in overcoming drug using in the society. In the context of the conception the process of becoming a drug user is presented.
More...
Our study included 30 pairs of siblings aged 12–18 years; one sibling with and one without conduct disorder in each pair. The aim of the study was to assess individual characteristics of those siblings, i.e. to determine differences in psychological characteristics of the siblings with regard to locus of control, stress coping strategies and frequency and structure of behavioral problems and emotions. The results suggested significant differences in individual characteristics of children with conduct disorder and their healthy siblings. These results mainly confirm previous results of foreign research on a sample of our population. Exception of findings was related to strategies for coping with stress: religious behavior that didn’t turn out as a protective factor and avoiding confrontation and withdrawal which are shown as a protective factor. These results suggest the importance of individual psychological characteristics for the occurrence of conduct disorders and have implications in therapy and in preventive work with adolescents.
More...
Wykorzystanie seksualne dziecka to jak wypalenie dziury w głowie, w emocjach, w pamięci. Do tego nie chce się wracać, ale to wraca. Największej odwagi wymaga powiedzenie przez ofiarę prawdy i zgłoszenie swoich krzywd, przejście przez tę bolesną drogę ponownie.
More...
The United Kingdom and the United States successfully use polygraph examinations for assessment of progress of therapy and the risk of relapse among perpetrators of sex crimes, while in Poland the area is practically unknown. The work presents the four main directions of such studies, namely: examination of the past sexual behaviours, studies monitoring the presence of risky behaviours, examinations sustaining means of probation, and studies of specific questions. The article presents the benefits of such examinations and the factors necessary for such examinations to be therapeutically useful.
More...
Stalking is a complex social phenomenon that can take on many different forms. Stalking is a vicious, subtle and devastating crime, and the victims of stalking seem to suffer long-lasting consequences. A clear relationship emerges between the functioning and dissemination of gender stereotypes and stalking as a form of gender-based violence. In this study, the way in which stalking occurs is discussed, and the defendants’ and victims’ backgrounds are taken into account. This article discusses the criminalization of stalking, the reasons for stalking being criminalized and the sanctions applied for stalking. This article also addresses a range of issues that expressly substantiate a need for effective measures to be taken against stalking. The prevention of stalking is certainly a long process and cannot be done without the inspiration and activity from the state police, non-governmental organizations and the collaborations of victims, which are all essential if law enforcement agents are to gather useful information and understand the exact nature of the occurrences. Hence, more research needs to be conducted in this field. Additional attention, research and training are required to better understand the most effective responses to reduce the risk of recidivism.
More...
This article considers the problem of counteracting the illegal trade in wild fauna and flora in Poland, with special regard to the social control of supply and demand of wildlife. Both social control of the demand for wild fauna and flora and the control of the supply part of this phenomenon are burdened with certain drawbacks, by definition, integrated into both models. In order to effectively counteract illegal trade in wild fauna and flora, it is necessary to recognize the patterns of the phenomenon and to design a social and criminal policy in this area that will be an adequate response to both the supply of the phenomenon and its demand. The main aim of the project was therefore to present the results of qualitative research conducted with experts dealing with the phenomenon of illegal trade in wild fauna and flora in Poland.
More...
The purpose of the article is to analyze the essence and statutory signs of an offense by blocking a telephone emergency number, as well as referring to the penalties for them. It was introduced to the Code of Offenses in 2017, and it happened at the initiative of the President of the Republic of Poland. So far, it has not been extensively analyzed by representatives of the science of criminal law in separate studies devoted to it, and therefore this study may benefit from the privilege of innovation using what was previously written about this offense. Criminal liability for them is to contribute to reducing the number of cases of fraud in this respect, which has been and is quite a lot, both by preventing them and by prosecuting them for such behavior. This offense is universal, intentional and punishable by detention, restriction of liberty or a fine. It is also possible to make a decision in connection with his committing. It is a pity that he was not dedicated to a separate editorial unit of the Code of offenses, somehow combining them with a false alarm offense. Prohibition of such behavior under the threat of criminal penalties should be assessed positively, with some doubts about the statutory features of this offense, including blocking itself, which should not be equated with blocking the emergency number. A longer time perspective is needed to assess its real role in reducing the scale of such abuse, but it is certainly needed in the system of offenses as offenses.
More...
This paper analyses key differences between two paradigms dominant in social research on online crime: the more prevalent neopositivist paradigm and the more recent critical–cultural paradigm. Based on an extensive analysis of up-to-date literature, the key paradigmatic oppositions in online crime research encompass: 1) in neopositivism, the conceptual separation of technological and social practices, the reliance on rational choice approaches in theory, especially routine activity theory, and the tendency towards quantitative research methods; 2) in the critical–cultural paradigm, a complex and context-dependent approach to the technosocial as a continuum, theoretical roots in critical theory, cultural criminology, actor-network theory, and feminist theory, and the emphasis on qualitative methods. The field of online crime research in Lithuania is dominated by legal studies, while social research is rare and fragmented. The existing social research of online crime in Lithuania lacks a solid theoretical basis in either paradigm. Methodologically, there are examples of both quantitative (surveys, analysis of registered crime statistics) and qualitative studies (interviews, discussion groups, content analysis). However, most of the studies are small-scale and their scarcity makes it nearly impossible to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, and complimentary potential of each approach in the specific national and regional context.
More...
This study seeks to reveal the attitudes of the Lithuanian adult population on using digital books and illegally distributed books and seeks to provide possible solutions to Lithuanian publishers and other institutions combating this phenomenon. A quantitative survey of 322 respondents was conducted. The analysis of the results was based on the Technology Acceptance Model, the theory of self-efficacy and the theory of planned behaviour. The results show that the ability to use digital technologies encourages the use of digital books. The perception of digital books as having value reduces the tendency to download them from illegal distribution channels. Legislative regulation does not have a significant impact on the intention not to use digital books from illegal distribution channels. It is likely that a negative assessment of the phenomenon in the immediate environment will have a greater impact on refusing to use illegally distributed books. In order to compete with illegal distribution channels, the channels for legally distributed books need to be more convenient and provide more content.
More...
This article focuses on counterfeiting offenses committed by some persons who commit such offenses to conceal the fact that they are not vaccinated or take advantage of those who are not vaccinated and want to procure such documents in exchange for money. In the case of forgery, the social value that criminal law protects is public trust in things that have the legal authority to prove.
More...
The institution renouncing the prosecution was a novelty element introduced in the Code of Criminal Procedure, which entered into force on 1 February 2014 for the relief of the criminal courts with various minor cases. Initially, it was provided for the waiver of the prosecution ordered by the prosecutor under the conditions laid down by the law, and subsequently because of the decision of the Constitutional Court No 23/2016 on the admission of the exception of the non-constitutionality of the provisions of Article 318 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the legislation has been amended to the effect that the order ordering the waiver of criminal proceedings after it has been verified by the superior prosecutor of the prosecution where the measure was ordered is confirmed by the judge of the chamber of first judges who would be responsible to him according to the law, jurisdiction to hear the case at first instance. The judge of the pre-trial chamber may accept or reject the prosecutor’s proposal that the prosecution be dropped, the judge’s conclusion being final and a further waiver can no longer be ordered for any reason.
More...
The evolution of organized crime presents one of the most serious threats to the security of the European Union. These became extremely professional and having a transnational character was necessary to stabilize a strategy in combating it. Strengthen law enforcement and judicial cooperation in the fight against criminal structures, with a view to eliminating as far as possible the proceeds of crime, which are the main force of criminal organizations and the response to criminal offenses to modern technological developments. The resilience of criminal organizations, as well as their ability to adapt make them have a certain longevity and gain high profits from criminal activities.
More...
The article presents currently used methods of executing capital punishment in comparison to other legally and socially accepted life deprivation methods such as abortion or euthanasia which are permissible under international law, or under domestic law provisions. The article begins with presenting international law regulations in the area of possibilities of death penalty use in domestic legal systems. The second part of the article concentrates on characterising most commonly used methods of execution. Next, the author goes to description of different types of abortion and permissible euthanasia procedures and compares them to chosen death penalty execution methods. In the conclusion part the author proves both of his hypotheses: 1) Some execution methods may be considered humane ones. 2) Some of currently used methods of executing are not less humane than abortion and permissible euthanasia procedures.The article presents currently used methods of executing capital punishment in comparison to other legally and socially accepted life deprivation methods such as abortion or euthanasia which are permissible under international law, or under domestic law provisions. The article begins with presenting international law regulations in the area of possibilities of death penalty use in domestic legal systems. The second part of the article concentrates on characterising most commonly used methods of execution. Next, the author goes to description of different types of abortion and permissible euthanasia procedures and compares them to chosen death penalty execution methods. In the conclusion part the author proves both of his hypotheses: 1) Some execution methods may be considered humane ones.2) Some of currently used methods of executing are not less humane than abortion and permissible euthanasia procedures.The article presents currently used methods of executing capital punishment in comparison to other legally and socially accepted life deprivation methods such as abortion or euthanasia which are permissible under international law, or under domestic law provisions. The article begins with presenting international law regulations in the area of possibilities of death penalty use in domestic legal systems. The second part of the article concentrates on characterising most commonly used methods of execution. Next, the author goes to description of different types of abortion and permissible euthanasia procedures and compares them to chosen death penalty execution methods. In the conclusion part the author proves both of his hypotheses: 1) Some execution methods may be considered humane ones.2) Some of currently used methods of executing are not less humane than abortion and permissible euthanasia procedures.The article presents currently used methods of executing capital punishment in comparison to other legally and socially accepted life deprivation methods such as abortion or euthanasia which are permissible under international law, or under domestic law provisions. The article begins with presenting international law regulations in the area of possibilities of death penalty use in domestic legal systems. The second part of the article concentrates on characterising most commonly used methods of execution. Next, the author goes to description of different types of abortion and permissible euthanasia procedures and compares them to chosen death penalty execution methods. In the conclusion part the author proves both of his hypotheses: 1) Some execution methods may be considered humane ones.2) Some of currently used methods of executing are not less humane than abortion and permissible euthanasia procedures.
More...
Geografski položaj Bosne i Hercegovine, na raskrsnici puteva od Istoka prema Zapadu, čini ju pogodnom za tranzit migranata na putu prema državama Zapadne Europe. Bosna i Hercegovina se krajem 2017. godine susrela s masovnim pokušajima nezakonitih prelazaka državne granice, a trend nezakonitih ulazaka (i pokušaja nezakonitih ulazaka) pojačan je 2018. godine i nastavio se do danas, posebno u ljetno vrijeme i u boljim vremenskim uvjetima. Veliki broj migranata koji su u tranzitu i koji su se zadržali na teritoriju Bosne i Hercegovine stvorio je ozbiljan izazov za državu s ograničenim institucionalnim kapacitetima za rješavanje migrantske krize. U ovom radu opisana je migrantska kriza, i krijumčarenje migranata, kao jedan od najvećih izazova s kojima se susreće Bosna i Hercegovina, pri čemu Granična policija BiH ima jednu od ključnih uloga prilikom rješavanja ovog sigurnosnog problema. Ujedno, prikazan je broj migranata koji su od 2015. do 2021. zatečeni u nezakonitom ili pokušaju nezakonitog prelaska državne granice. Opisana je, ukratko, i uloga Granične policije u borbi protiv nezakonitih migracija, kao i problemi i loši uvjeti pod kojima rade policijski službenici za vrijeme migrantske krize. Na kraju je iznesen i prijedlog mjera koje bi se trebale primijeniti kako bi se povećala učinkovitost kontrole državne granice, s naglaskom na jačanje kapaciteta Granične policije i uključivanje svih razina vlasti u rješavanje ovog sigurnosnog pitanja.
More...