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Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland were dubbed the worst three EU countries for sexual minorities in newly released ranking, while Azerbaijan came in last in Europe.
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The scientific opus of Dušan Bandić is viewed through the context and time frame in which he started researching folk religion in order to, through the analysis of his most important texts, arrive at the conclusion about the importance of his opus for the modernization of Serbian anthropology. This is just one segment, although the most important one, of the evaluation of the significance of an opus for the history of Serbian anthropology. Other aspects of action, which refer to institutional positioning and activity as well as one’s social and political life and ultimately the consequences such actions had are significant for the history of science, but are not encompassed by this paper. The paper deals with the description of the context and state of research into folk religion at the beginning of Bandić’s career and the general knowledge about global anthropological trends in Serbian ethnology at the time. Afterwards the focus is shifted to the contents of his work through viewing the larger ideas and methodological systems present in Bandić’s work – evolutionism, functionalism and structuralism, in order to, ultimately, come to a conclusion about the development of methods which Bandić applied, as well as the place which his opus occupied in a crucial time for Serbian ethnology.
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The paper is part of wider research into the status of explanation in the debate on the scientific status of anthropology – wherein one of the key assumptions is that there is a strong correlation between theoretical and methodological structures which would make them inseparable, and that explanation or explanatory potential, is the point of convergence which can be used to test for the possibility of separating theoretical and methodological structures in the first place. To test this idea, a line of debate between methodological holism and methodological individualism – one of the longest running and most complex debates in the social sciences and humanities – was considered. The historical background of the debate has been highlighted, and its relevancy and implications in the controversy about the explanatory capacity and scientific status of sociocultural anthropology.
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U novim nastupajućim društvenim uvjetima temeljne sociološke kategorije se ne mogu uzimati kao "instrumenti analize” društva jer su u toj funkciji do izvjesne mjere apstraktne i okoštale - npr. klase, tehnokracija, birokracija, itd. One se moraju uzeti kao "konkretne društvene formacije" ambivalentno shvaćene, sa više historijskih uloga istovremeno, te se ne smiju uklapati u stare krute modele analize. Tako, npr. klase se više ne određuju samo po osnovu privatnog vlasništva (po odnosu prema sredstvima za proizvodnju), već po stepenu saznanja, po nivou obrazovanja. Društvena moć i društveni položaj se više ne mjere ekonomskim kriterijima jer se ne zadobivaju bogatstvom izraženim u posjedovanju kapitala.
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Social Studies Lesson is a lesson made up of disciplines that belong to Social Sciences. Social Sciences also deals with the social aspect of human life through various disciplines in its own structure. Social Studies, which is made up of disciplines that belong to Social Sciences, acts as a uniting role on the denominator of fundamental citizenship by utilizing these disciplines. Regarding presentation of various disciplines that belong to Social Sciences after being melted in a pot with a sense of fundamental citizenship, Social Studies has to deal with the “family” institute as well which is at the same time an indispensable element of social life, and acts as a fundamental constituent of the society. The reason is, concept of “family”, one of the most basic components of “society”, which also forms the fundamental of Social Sciences, composes one of the most significant building blocks of the society. Social studies handles the values of the society with a sense of fundamental citizenship, and within the historical process, it is not able to ignore the importance of the term “family”within the scope of this concept, which is one of the most important components that forms the society because of both the programmes prepared and the mission undertaken. 4 inseparably linked components, parents, individuals, family and the society also complement each other. Therefore, when the subject of “family” is dealt with in literature, laying stress on the component “woman”, who is one of the most important elements of family, fills an important void. Thus, “Social Studies”, which deals with the components that form the society within the framework of the disciplines they abide by in a formal order, carries out this task from past to present within the scope of programme prepared. And while performing this duty, it needs a number of materials. Textbooks are one of these most important materials. In this study, the way Social Studies textbooks deal with the terms “family” and “woman” are examined. This is a qualitative study, which was conducted with the method of document review. According to this research, it is seen that the themes of “Family” and “Woman”, which are in the textbooks of the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th grades are not given adequate coverage. It is noticeable that these two components which have an extremely important place within historical, cultural and social perspective are not dealt with sufficiently in the schoolbooks that students use most. Hence, lack of coverage of themes of “Family” and “Woman” with a proper and planned concept in the Social Studies textbooks contradicts the purpose of the Social Studies, prepared with a concept passing down historic and cultural inheritance from one generation to the next, and the aim of lesson plans prepared towards this end.
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This paper focuses on the different aspects of modelling the society in Johannes Semper’s novel, “Kivi kivi peale” (“Stone upon stone”). The literary text is discussed here from the aspect of its social modelling function. Social modelling can be seen from two different perspectives: on one hand, the literary text borrows models from the society, idealizes situations and reworks them for its individual purposes. On the other hand, literature functions as a source of models for the society – both its individual members and the society as a whole. Just as the reception of the literary text can change in different situations, so does its status as a model. Semper’s novel presents the social reality of 1930s Estonia through the point of view of an architect. As a consequence, houses or homes are the most important type of models in the novel. On one hand, these permit presenting a certain “cross-section” of the society. On the other hand, they express a certain idea of creative freedom and by enabling the reader to “live through” this concept of freedom through the main characters, they express an understanding of the individual’s freedom of choice and their relationship to the society in general.
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Zgodno bi bilo započeti sa zapanjujućim otkrićem do kojega je prije nekoliko godina došla skupina znanstvenika Londonskog zoološkog društva, istražujući društveni život lokalnih osa u Panami. Opremljen najnovijom tehnologijom, tim je dulje od 6000 sati pratio kretanje 433 ose iz 33 gnijezda. To što su znanstvenici otkrili preokrenulo je njihove i naše stoljetne stereotipe o navikama društvenih insekata.
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The field of class analysis is currently undergoing profound change spawned by the wave of criticism, both externally and internally. On the one hand, the class theory was challenged by theorists hailing the coming of a new phase of modernity or postmodernity which renders „class” an obsolete concept. On the other hand we are witnessing mounting dissatisfaction with the dominant class scheme (e.g. EGP) because of its inability to adequately illuminate the cultural and symbolic dimensions of class structure. These circumstances have prompted a turn towards new class paradigm, so-called „cultural class analysis” largely inspired by the works of Pierre Bourdieu. The aim of the article is to diagnose the state of art in class analysis and scrutinize how the work of Bourdieu can provide a more foundational rethinking of it.
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The so-called Austrian school of economics has developed a distinctive approach to the study of society. Based on the principles of praxeology the approach contrasts sharply with the prevalent fashion of extending the methods of natural sciences to social inquiry. Its emphasis is on the distinctiveness of action explanations vis-à-vis causal explanations of events. However, the praxeological approach is also highly critical of the historicist and relativist reaction to the contentions of scientism. By positing a priori constraints on teleological explanations the praxeological approach is utterly hostile to the claims of historicism and relativism. As a general theory of human action praxeology has been used both as an explanatory tool in economic and social research and as a weapon for fighting facile social engineering. One weakness of the approach is its commitment to the fact/value dichotomy that it shares with most currents of modern social philosophy.
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Te article highlights important issues of the resocialization of juvenile offenders under correctional colony. Formation of social competence is considered as the appropriate instrument to bring about successful resocialization. Te emphasis is laid on the scientific interpretation of the results of the experimental work aimed at revealing the influence of the developed by the author model of social and educational work with juvenile convicts on the levels of formation of social competence. These influences include specific techniques and application of psychological and pedagogical study of personality peculiarities of the convicted, utilization of correctional, educational, informational and psychological-educational programs, means of social, educational and the psychoanalytical to the juvenile prisoners.
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Feliks Młynarski (1884-1972) holds a specific position in the history of Polish Thought. He had philosophical ambitions, not only restricting to historiosophy and the theory of society. His metaphysical ideas are the least known. As the philosopher of history he pointed to three stages of emancipation: equality to God, equality to law and equal rights to social income. In his theory of the nation he undoubtedly referred to the tradition of the Polish Romanticism and not to the conceptions inspired by social Darwinism. He linked nationalism with liberalism. He praised the dualism of the nation and the state and saw the totalitarian threat in state ideologies, not in the national idea.
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In this paper, we consider job interview as a form of social interaction, from Goffman‟s dramaturgical perspective. During a job interview, the candidate and the recruiter use impression management tactics; these two social actors engage in a impression management process, with reciprocal attempts to create positive impressions and to influence each other in order to achieve the desired results. An applicant or a recruiter (or both of them) can use one or more impression management tactics (nonverbal, verbal, assertive, defensive, honest or deceptive tactics). All interviewed candidates have used a form of impression management during the job interviews they attended to, claiming that due to the use of some tactics, whether honest or deceptive, they have been perceived as more competent and more suitable for a particular job. Although the use of impression management by recruiters in job interviews was a topic neglected by the literature, this research has proven the presence of this phenomenon in social reality and the necessity of deeping this subject, using specific methodologies.
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For researchers a conservative wave that covered the field of Russian politics became an impulse for reflection about what the field (or space) of politics is and in which way the changing political context turn into metamorphoses in normative political regulations and influential political actors’ discourse. Recently metamorphoses in gender discourse of this field have become most evident in Russia. That is why the author focuses on the following issues: how interdependent in principle are the phenomena of political and gender; peculiarities of women’s participation in political process in the field of conservative politics; reproduction of ontological morality as an unvarying attribute of conservative politics that by definition is aimed at consolidating existing social hierarchies. Special attention is paid to the analysis of explanatory sociological concepts by P. Bourdieu (habitus) and I. Goffman (display) that describe effective mechanisms of traditional socialization, that is socialization by means of symbolic violence that guarantees institutional sustainability of gender owing to formation and maintenance of certain symbols and images explaining and strengthening — and therefore — producing and reproducing the patterns of domination and submission between men and women.
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Who was Durkheim? About sociology and a sociologist. On the term religion and social significance of the rite. Difference between the sacred and the profane. Durkheim’s typology of rites and significance of religious holidays and religious institution. Should religion be a “collective matter”? Society – religion. Correlation of suicide – religion. The function of religion. How Durkheim defines the Church and makes the typology of religions. Religion and evolution. Durkheim’s observations on the relation between science and religion.
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The present study examined the effects of children’s perceptions about the members of different geographical regions of Turkey on their social inclusion judgments. Children evaluated vignettes including protagonists coming from eastern and western regions of Turkey, which are namely easterners vs. westerners. Children demonstrated established perceptions regarding the disadvantaged social status of easterners and advantaged one for westerners, as shown by the preliminary study. In the main study, 150 children (75 10-year-olds, M = 10 years, SD = 4.17; 75 13-year-olds, 13.06 years, SD = 0.31) were asked to decide whom to include, either an easterner or a westerner, into a reading group and justify their decisions. According to the results, while participants chose the socially advantaged child in the equal qualifications condition more frequently, they chose the disadvantaged child for the unequal qualifications. For justifications, 13-year-olds made more stereotyping and moral justifications, whereas 10-year-olds made more psychological justifications in the equal qualifications condition. This study was the first attempt to infer the socially disadvantaged status of easterners in Turkey and its effect as a criterion for inclusion.
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The aim of the article is to present the theory of social representations which is not well-known in the Polish pedagogy and which may constitute an interesting theoretical and methodological perspective for the study of the educational discourse. The theory itself is interdisciplinary and therefore may be useful in research carried out within various academic disciplines both in the humanities and social sciences. Theoretical analyses will also concern the possibilities of conducting research of educational discourse within the framework of the social representation theory with the application of the collective biography writing which may be perceived as the critical discourse analysis.
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Тhis pаpеr prеsеnts thе dеvеlоpmеnt оf thе sоciоlоgy оf rеvоlutiоns, with еmphаsis оn thеоriеs thаt wеrе crеаtеd by thе mid-20th cеntury, аs wеll аs thе mеtаthеоry оf rеvоlutiоns, i.е. thе prоblеm оf divisiоn оf vаriоus thеоriеs оf rеvоlutiоn аnd diffеrеnt аpprоаchеs tо this sоciаl phеnоmеnоn. Тhе histоry аnd thе prоtоsоciоlоgy оf rеvоlutiоns is prеsеntеd, including thе mоst impоrtаnt аnciеnt, Rеnаissаncе аnd Еnlightеnmеnt philоsоphеrs, up tо Тоcquеvillе аnd Маrx. Furthеrmоrе, wе prеsеnt thе first stаgе оf thе аcаdеmic study оf rеvоlutiоns, cаllеd thе nаturаl histоry оf rеvоlutiоns. In thе еnd, wе аnаlyzе thеоriеs crеаtеd in thе 1950s аnd 1960s, which includе thе thеоriеs оf rеlаtivе dеprivаtiоn (psychоlоgicаl thеоriеs), thе thеоriеs оf cоllеctivе аctiоn (functiоnаlist thеоriеs) аs wеll аs thе mоdеrnizаtiоn thеоriеs in thе cоntеxt оf rеvоlutiоns.
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