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The review of: Зоран М. Стевановић, Социјална патологија, Интернационални универзитет у Новом Пазару, Нови Пазар, 2013, стр. 235. / Zoran M. Stevanović, Socijalna patologija, Internacionalni univerzitet u Novom Pazaru, Novi Pazar, 2013, str. 235.
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Regardless of the widespread compliance with the concept of child’s best interest in the social, medical, legal and other areas, there are still significant ethical disputes about the criteria that constitute the concept and the reliability of its implementation. The article analyzes both the notion and practice, related to the concept when it comes to making decisions about children in the field of medical treatment and care. Employing available experience and knowledge the text examines two separate approaches to substantiate the best interest principle, and also to link it to criteria ensuring its proper implementation within the field the specialized care for children.
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This paper will examine the concept of motherhood in the light of black feminism in Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved. Morrison, one of the most prominent writers of the 20th century, is trying to present the development of the African- American community and the institution of motherhood in a society characterized by meaningless divisions between race, class and gender. Slavery problematizes the concept of motherhood which represents a connection of conflicting views shaped by different attitudes towards race, gender and class. Therefore, Morrison uses the suppressed voices of African-American mothers to address the problematic concept of motherhood in slavery. The paper explores the complexity of slavery and its influence on motherhood, the powerful ideology through which the Afro-American tradition is transferred, and it also outlines motherhood as a dominant motif that connects the female characters in Beloved.
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The subject of article is a research of employment policy of population in Ukraine, which direct to ensuring state regulation of unemployment in the modern conditions of developing of labor market. The article deals with some problems of unemployment, which influences to social-economic exclusion of population from labor market of Ukraine, with takes into different factors of society development. In the research were used to general scientific and special methods: analysis and synthesis, analogies and comparisons, statistical assessments, etc. The results of work. The article highlights the features of some indicators of unemployment and the risks of exclusion. As opposition to prompter defined approaches to overcoming these issues as socio-economic inclusion with the purpose of effective development of the labor market of Ukraine. The results of the research may be used by all interesting parties, including organs of State executive power in improving the mechanisms for the implementation of socio-economic policy employment and State regulation of the labor market of Ukraine. The conclusions. Despite the fact that socio-economic exclusion of the population has many aspects character, a key issue that affects this phenomenon is belonging to the labor market. This is due to the fact that in today's society paid work not only remains the main source of income, but also determines the level of life of the person, its sense of its own importance, self esteem and achievement. The spread of social inclusion of the population has become a major component of the complex of measures for the reduction of unemployment at the present stage of market economy, since the ability of man to productivity is the most valuable resource of the economic development of the country.
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The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of the problem of studying culture in light of its interaction with technology. The methodology is based on an interdisciplinary synthesis, which allowed to consider the technique and technology in the sociocultural dimension. The scientific novelty consists in finding out the influence of technology on a person and society, the negative consequences of this influence, problems and ways to solve them. Conclusions. The technique is a reflection of complex relationships in society, determines the numerous parameters of its evaluation and interrelated approaches to the study, which is characterized by a statement of its various effects on society. It is this criterion that is the main one in the complex characteristics of equipment. The latter is not an end in itself, but has value only as a means, as an instrument of historical and social transformations. The importance of tasks and solving the problems facing cultural science today requires not just reasoning about the interaction of various aspects of culture, analyzing problems and considering a whole range of areas of their solutions, but necessitates the formation of a new paradigm of understanding and attitude to technology in society, in particular with the clarification its role in contemporary culture and among the tools of social transformation. In the future, the importance and role of technology in socio-cultural relations will only grow, therefore it is advisable to talk about the cultural measurement of technology as the most important approach to its study.
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In the article I start from the already discussed problem of subjectivity in the abductive inference, aiming to offer a deeper experimental analysis of its endogenous practical logic in the light of the problem of the so-called metamorphoses of magic and disenchantment in the context of the problems of theories of self-mediation structures. To this end, I first present in detail the problem of the functions of the abductive inference, and against this background then I present an experimental analysis of the case of innovative labor – the story of Thomas Edison’s invention of the electric lamp and his attempts to turn it into an economic innovation. In it, against the background of general moments of factual history,the results of an analysis of the endogenous practical logic of the dialectical and the results of an analysis of the nonclassical logic of the dialectical are explicitly presented(retaining in each of these analyzes the point of view of one another, although in most cases implicitly). Thus, analyzing the abductive inference from the perspective of the problems of theories of self-mediation structures, the article summarizes the chances that this inference provides for thinking multidimensionally the metamorphoses of magic and disenchantment as a special case of the more general problem of both the functioning and the mutual mediation of functionally differentiated and functionally diffuse structures.
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Departing from the numerous insistences – on the one hand, those of Bourdieu on the need for a ‘sociology of sociology’ or for a reflection on the social conditions and the limits of scientific knowledge and practical action, and on the other, those of ethnomethodologists represented by Garfinkel, on the ‘embodied reflexivity’ of the ‘competent member’ – the text views reflexivity as a praxeological problem in and for their sociological analyses.Retaining the perspective given by Bourdieu, reflexivity is thematised as a ‘constitutive trait’ of ‘scientific habitus’ as well as an essential feature of the habitus of the agent who is practically acting outside the scientific field.In the ethnomethodological context, the thematisation of reflexivity is focused in ‘embodied reflexivity’ defined as a ‘singular feature of practical actions, practical circumstances, of common sense knowledge of social structures, and the practical sociological reasoning’ (Garfinkel).Choosing these perspectives was motivated by the intention to outline a praxeologically oriented conception of the actually, in practice, deploying of reflex reflexivity which borrows its ‘embodied’ character from ethnomethodology but analysed in the context of a socialized corporeality.
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This article problematizes Marx's theory of labour. It shows that Marx's understanding of labour is not a coherent and uncontradictory whole, but contains varying, sometimes incommensurable moments. The thesis says that Marx analyzes labour as a structure of mediation. This is the case regardless if he refers to labour as mediation between man and nature on a more abstract philosophical level, or, on the contrary, stresses its concrete historical character, where the self-movement of capital is mediated by labour. Returning to Marx's theoretical legacy, I show how, beyond his multidimensional reflections on labor,this specific view of labour as a mediator persists. The purpose of the distinction between multiple levels of analysis in Marx's work is to explicate the boundaries of his concept of labour. In the spirit of Weber's ‘disenchantment of the world’ it may be asserted that Marx reduces labor to its ‘disenchanted’ form. Moreover, the article argues that it is possible to conceptualise other forms of labour via engaging with and against Marx's work,where those other forms are relegated solely a secondary status. The latter will be done by juxtaposing Marx's notions to the concepts of the theory of the mediating structures and its organon – the non-classical dialectical logic developed by the Institute for Critical Theories of Supermodernity.
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The article analyzes normativity of a thin body for woman corporality production in the modern mass society. Tyranny of slenderness expresses positive senses of a thin body and negative senses of an obese body. The author considers the connection between the standard of corporality and gastronomic practices. A thin body expresses the ability for inner nutrition and independence from empirical reality. It is an ideal object of visual consumption.
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In the works of Foucault heterotopic space is conceptualized in substantialist terms. The relation between heterotopic and topic (or dominant) spaces is one of exteriority. This article deals with another form of heterotopy produced by situation, which I call relational. According to this perspective, a given space is not heterotopic apriori or by nature. It becomes so when a specific use or a certain practice takes place within its limits. Moreover, such spaces are not located outside but inside the corresponding topic spaces. In other terms, otherness occurs within identity. This kind of relationship between space on the one hand and action, movement or behaviour of an agent on the other, is observed in certain cinematographic narratives. Present analysis bears on such processes of production of heterotopicity in two films – Die Hard and The Pianist. Each of these displays a clandestine fight against dominant order, and in both that fight is manifested through a specific relation with dominant space.
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The aim of this paper is that stated in its title: to explain some of the reasons why Max Weber’s ‘Protestant Ethic’ should be seen a central component in his work and thought, and not, as is currently the case, a text which receives much lip-service but is substantially ignored. One chief reason for the text’s neglect (Section I) lies in Weber’s ostentatious use of historical materials which appear remote to social scientists today. It should however be understood that the ‘Protestant Ethic’ is a statement about modernity from beginning to end – Weber is only using the past to make a statement about the present – while the allegedly “historical” criticisms of the text made by sociologists have no foundation, because they are made in ignorance of Weber’s historicist premises. A principal component of Weber’s analysis of modernity is his interest in modern rationalism or rationality (Section II). Here it should be noted that while the ‘Protestant Ethic’ began as a statement about capitalism, it was then overlaid by a second, overlapping statement about rationality. This is extremely important, and we cannot understand Weber’s thinking on this subject by relying on later texts (such as ‘Economy and Society’) alone. Another major element of his modern thought, and one of the most neglected, is his thinking about ethics (Section III). Here – as its title suggests – the ‘Protestant Ethic’ is of unique importance. This paper draws on my book, Max Weber and the Protestant Ethic: Twin Histories (2014) but, especially in the first and third sections, goes beyond it, and constitutes an independent statement.
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The study in Oryahovo is a contribution to the modern anthropological study of local cultures, communities and heritage along the Danube River. It aims to describe the cultural geography of the place, as well as the specifics of local fishing, the names of species of nets and gear, the names of boats, species of fish, the daily life of fishermen and the forms of celebration. The methodology of the historical-anthropological approach and the biographical approach is used. The authentic texts that are published are grouped in four parts – Everyday life, Environment, Fishing, Holidays. They create a collective biography, represented by the many voices of ordinary local fishermen. Fishermen's knowledge of the world around them is complex – their stories include swamps in Romania, the numerous islands on the Danube and the nuclear power plant, as well as specific places where the riverbed is clear and the nets do not get caught to rupture. Turning an individual into a fisherman is a way of life. And it is precisely the differences in this living – with devotion to the river and the local ecosystem, that make the fishermen of Oryahovo different from everyone else. We have registered many of their worldview, acquired habits, traditional practices and skills, oral knowledge – the amalgam which we define as cultural heritage. But for local fishermen, this knowledge has not yet been valorized.
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The article is devoted to the historical and sociological analysis of the state educational policy. Based of the wide spectrum of documents and statistics the author illustrates the state investments in professional education of women and men during 1918—2015. The professional education is an important part of the human capital. Its role is increasing in postindustrial society. Three periods were investigated: 1918—1940, 1941—1990, 1991—2015. The main goal is to reveal the direction, dynamics and level of effectiveness of the state investments of the USSR and the Russian Federation in professional education of women and men.In conclusion the author summarizes the main results of the study and claims that gender aspects of state educational policy were shaped during those years. According to the author found the gender asymmetry in professional education was not as big as it was in some other areas. The women have had access to all the types of professional education. The young men and women have greater access to the professional education in contemporary Russia.Some problems to be solved are: gender segregation in professions and labor market; the gap in the professional self-realization capabilities; the gender differentiation of the economic benefit of the educational investment.
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Russian conceptual public canteens, which are thematically connected to the phenomenon of sovietness, are considered in this article. The role narratives, which are used as symbols to construct the image of soviet public canteens, are analyzed in the paper.
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Mental health is defined as a state of being in which individuals are aware of their skills, are able to cope with normal stress in life, their labor isproductive and they contribute to the welfare of the community. Dependencies between personal status - age, sex, marital status, number of children, income level and their job satisfaction, life satisfaction, subjective happiness and well-being are explored. The results showed that gender has extremely weak influence on job satisfaction. No dependence has been detected between the marital status and the explored parameters of the respondents. A connection between the satisfaction index and the number of children in the family was discovered. The highest values of positive relationships, life goals, sense of independence and job satisfaction belong to people with three children; those with two children have lower values and persons with one child or no children have the lowest and very similar values. It was found that the degree of job satisfaction does not affect mental well-being. Respondents generally appreciate life in a positive light and have a high result on the scale of mental well-being. A conclusion is made that the cognitive component of life satisfaction and the affective component happiness and subjective well-being are determined by different conditions.
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<p>The electronic journal „Public Policy.bg” provides scientific support to good governance. It is aimed both at practitioners and scientists in the field of public sector management. Both groups can publish in it, as well as vice versa – to find the empirical or theoretical information provided by the "beyond". The journal is scientific. The articles are reviewed and selected for publishing by Editorial Board using the peer review method, ie. by assessing the correspondence of the texts with scientific criteria (scientific problem, thesis, scientific apparatus, method, evidence, achievement of a scientific fact). The Editorial Board is composed of scientists from different management courses and experienced representatives of management practice from the central and local government.The journal „Public Policy.bg” strengthens and promotes modern management thinking in the categories of public policies, good governance and social networks. The journal presents the advantages of this approach to the archaic linear management, which has embraced the public administration in captivity of passive performance. The journal draws attention to the opportunities for creative, strategic and political responsibilities of the administration. Issues of great importance are the new role of public administration in the 21st century, the principles of good governance in the age of globalization, the network approach in governance, strategic thinking, the problems of the administrative elite, administrative capacity and statehood. The research on the effectiveness and efficiency of the public administration is of central importance. Special attention is given to a multidisciplinary approach to the major problems of public governance. Topics of interest include management in healthcare, education, environmental protection, labor market, immigration, administrative reform, security, social activities, relations between the central and local levels. The techniques and methods for assessing policy implementation are also of interest as well as the financing and budgeting of administrative activity. Although the journal focuses mainly on public policies in Bulgaria, „Public Policy.bg” is paying special attention to good governance practices from Europe and the world.</p>
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Розвиток соціологічної теорії повоєнних десятиліть в цілому та еволюція соціології розвитку та модернізації зокрема засвідчили, що в академічному середовищі разом із суто науковим поділом праці (як-от зосередження на певних проблемах та/або регіонах світу) існує ще й „поділ” праці, заснований на ідеологічних розмежуваннях. Науковці, які захищають парадигму - в найширшому розумінні цього терміну - ліберального капіталізму, - зазвичай, демонструють євроцентристську поставу, позаяк для них саме Захід був і залишається джерелом привабливих ідей та суспільних практик (неперевершений ступінь суспільного динамізму, диференціації, автономії індивіда та свободи), які повинні відтворюватися Рештою. За найпромовистіший приклад такої орієнтації править дослідницька програма модернізації, особливо її перша, оптимістична, фаза [1, 66-98].
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Пространство возникает из движения — воображаемого, мысленного, метафизического, физического. В сущности, помыслить движение уже может означаться как акт изначального онтологического порождения пространства. Однако значит ли это, что пространство немыс- лимо без движения, или же просто не существует без него? Пространство может воображаться как что-то, несомненно, причастное движению; тем не менее, оно может быть источником и образом покоя, неподвижности, всякой «недвижимо- сти». Всякий раз, когда затевается какое-либо движение, оно исходит, как правило, из некоей точки, пункта, места, которые в данном случае есть эквивалент конкретно, здесь и сейчас, воображаемого и понимаемого пространства. Такова первичная мыслительная позиция, ко- торая, несомненно, может и должна быть модифицирована, изменена, развита в зависимости от рассматриваемой ситуации, в любом новом контексте.
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In the last years, the “Roma topic” attracts an increasing interest and takes a fopemost place in the public sphere of united Europe; hence, the Roma policies become a significant challenge on national and European level. Before analyzing the contemporary political discourses about the integration and the social inclusion of Roma, however, it is obligatory to know very well the previously existing state policies toward the Gypsies from the time of their arrival in Europe in the Middle Ages until today. Since a great number of the Roma population continues to live in the countries of Eastern Europe, the policies of the states which formed the “socialist camp” after World War II are very important. The analysis of the existing main political discourses about the Gypsies/Roma (and mostly of their results) should be the basis for the analysis of the contemporary national and European discourses about the Roma policies. Based on this, the achievements and the failures of those policies may find explanation and some prognoses about their results (or the lack of such) could be made.
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