Објекти на погледот, затворенички на Паноптикумот: Дискурсот за телото и женскоста во романските женски списанија

Author(s): Diana Dămean / Language(s): English,Macedonian Issue: 1/2007

Media provide images and figures that spectators can imitate and identify themselves with. These images play an important part in socializing and educating individuals using social and sexual role models (as well as a lot of different positions of the individual) that value certain patterns of behaviour and a certain style, while discouraging any others. This is particularly true when we refer to women’s representation in the media. Media are efficient means for disseminating the dominant discourse of power and for disguising it into a matter of “common sense.”

Обширната градина на антропологията и нейните безкрайно плодоносни полета

Author(s): Chris Hann / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2015

Contemporary anthropology in southeast Europe must be a matter of acknowledging the value of diverse scholarly traditions. This article explores the contributions of various disciplines and their foreign and local practitioners. The power relations be¬tween Western scholars and their colleagues in countries on the periphery will never be equal but the author pleads for mutual understanding and respect for other methodological and theoretical positions in order to build a forward-looking, cohesive, and socially-engaged discipline.

Общност и общество по Вебер (за М. Вебер, Фигури на културата/Фигури на властта)

Author(s): Tanya Orbova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

ОБЫКНОВЕННАЯ ИДЕОЛОГИЯ (К ПОЛУВЕКОВОМУ ЮБИЛЕЮ «ОБЫКНОВЕННОГО ФАШИЗМА» М. РОММА)

Author(s): V.V. Kornev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2014

The article studies two works belonging to political cinema «Ordinary Fascism» by Mikhail Romm and «Die Welle» by Dennis Gansel) as examples of superficial criticism of the Nazi ideology. Yet, a true analysis of the fascist propaganda mechanisms needs shifting the point of view to the nature of ideology. The idea of strictly external and forcible methods of ideological influence should be contrasted with the idea of ideology as a form of everyday life. It is platitude, ordinariness, natural character of ideological structures and even the ugliest aspects of ideology that need understanding.

ОБЫЧНЫЙ / ОБЫКНОВЕННЫЙ ЧЕЛОВЕК: КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОЕКЦИИ СУБЪЕКТА ОБЫДЕННОГО ДИСКУРСА

Author(s): Helena Kardashova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 27(32)/2015

This paper seeks to formalize the structures of everyday discourse. The search for factors ensuring the unity and autonomy of everyday discourse is based on the assumption that the integrity of the discourse as such is guaranteed by the instance of discursive subject. The article deals with the common notion of collective subject/common subject popular in lingua-cultural approach in the Russian discourse analysis. The article on the material of the Russian National Corpus analysed the statements containing an identifier “common / ordinary man”, specified the values in this model, and reconstructed the paradigm of conceptual meanings significant to the speaker as the subject of ordinary discourse. Two aspects of the concept are considered: one model focuses on semantic structures of a subject positioned as a member of a community; another model is related to the subject projecting one in opposition to the other. The author of this article argues that the constitutive force of each discursive practice lies in its provision of subject positions. While the everyday discourse makes available to take up both positions for subjects, the discourse analysis reveals the synergistic nature of everyday communication.

Огъване на свободата: протестите и перипетиите на индивидуалната свобода след свиването на социалната държава

Author(s): Milena Iakimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 45/2016

The paper briefl y compares protests in Bulgaria in the early 1990s and in the post-EU accession period stating that they signifi cantly differ in their affi nity for and representations of sovereignty and democracy. While the former pleaded for democratization without challenging the nation-state frame of sovereignty, the latter raised urgently the question of reframing. Paradoxically, the vocabulary of this challenge is the critique of alienation turned into a structure of corporate subjection. This sheds some light on the ‘negativity’ of contemporary protests, their aspiration to devalue power and to oppose democracy to politics, and, in short, their ambivalence.

Онтогенеза и развитие на съвременното дете и функционирането му в семейството

Author(s): Svetoslava Saeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

This article deals with the issues directly or indirectly connected to educating a child in a modern family. Some ethical issues are being discussed related to widely applied activities within the public space such as ones in the social media, intervention in fertility health treatments, pedagogical practices in nurseries and kindergartens accompanied by the author’s comments altogether with their long-term consequences on the most important individual amongst them – the child.

Организация на свободното време при деца и възрастни в социалната работа чрез анимационни продукти

Author(s): Pepa Miteva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2013

Customary specific problem-oriented programs are applied to social work with children and adults. Furthermore creative products support the complete organization of leisure. Renown tourism animation programs are well suited to application in the social sphere, which requires a change in the emotional status of the client.

Освальд Шпенглер и его идеи в политических образах и научных концепциях. Рец. на кн.: Терехов О. Э. История и политика в трудах Освальда Шпенглера: проблемы историографии

Author(s): Dmitry Smirnov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2022

Review of: Терехов О. Э. История и политика в трудах Освальда Шпенглера: проблемы историографии. (History and politics in the writings of Oswald Spengler: problems of historiography) Кемерово: Кемер. гос. ун.-т, 2020. 163 с. The article draws attention to the monograph by O. E. Terekhov, which presents the history of the study of the intellectual heritage of Oswald Spengler since the release of his fundamental work “The Decline of Europe”. At the same time, an important place is occupied by the transformation of the images created by Spengler in the political consciousness, and their active influence on it. The monograph reveals the peculiarities of the attitude towards Spengler’s ideas not only in different historical epochs, but also in Germany itself and in other countries. The specific interest in the national historiography of Spengler’s legacy deserves a particularly positive assessment. The structure of the monograph clearly demonstrates the author’s intention to divide the entire complex of Spengler’s intellectual heritage into separate elements that also manifested themselves in the historiography of the idea of the German thinker: the ideas of historicism, philosophical concept, political ideology.

Основни фактори за трансформациите в ролята и социалните функции на науката в съвременното „общество на знанието“

Author(s): Ludmila Ivancheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2017

The article examines the main factors and prerequisites for transformation processes occurring in the social context of modern science. For the purpose of our analysis a self-elaborated interpretive scheme is applied in which the system of science is presented as composed of two main components: cognitive, representing the body of the dynamically evolving scientific knowledge, and social (research socium). The whole system operates in a particular external environment (economic, political, cultural, etc.) and is in a continuous interaction with it. As factors of endogenous nature there are indicated: changes in cognitive structure of science and the dynamics of its development, including acts of self-reflection; the role of social factors in the system of science, highlighting the growing role of social commitment of individual scientists with certain socially important causes and the development of the research institutions in the direction of paying more attention to the transfer of scientific knowledge to industry and business and to communication with the political authorities and the public. The role of the exosystemic factors relating to the external environment of science is also discussed. The main influencing components are summarized as: policies and resourcing, procurements and knowledge and scientific products market, values and ethics, understanding and trust. In addition, some important factors of a complex nature are highlighted: the role of new technologies, globalization and transformations in the knowledge production. It was concluded that current challenges assign a new role of science which should increase their responsibility and reflection regarding the specific problems of today’s society.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ГЕНДЕРНОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ТЕОРИИ

Author(s): Elena Ivanovna Balditsyna,Igor Spartakovich Baklanov,Olga Alexandrovna Baklanova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2019

The article reveals the socio-philosophical and disciplinary features of the modern understanding of the phenomenon of “gender” and “gender identity”, identifies the most effective and widely used strategies for their study. It is revealed that in the modern interpretation the phenomenon of gender has an ascriptive status, a certain cultural-symbolic construct, which society ascribes to the individual, based on its biological characteristics and the socio-normative projections and stereotypes that exist in the culture. It is also emphasized that in postmodern culture the understanding of gender phenomenon has shifted from static to dynamic: gender as a socio-psychological structure is always in a state of formation and change; despite the fact that it contains a number of deontic stereotypes about its status, gender is as mobile and volatile as the modern society itself and constantly responds to its challenges.

От Капиталът като шанс пред логиките на диалектическото към проблема за субектността при абдуктивния извод

Author(s): Martina Mineva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The article aims to achieve a summarized representation of the problem of subjectness as a problem of returning the functions of subjectness in history (if there is a possibility to talk about it in singular) above all in the case of abductive inference as one of the pre-deductive forms of inference in the endogenous practical logics of the dialectical.Since the latter can hardly be thought effectively in the theories of structures of self-mediation without the modality of the exogenous non-classical logic of the dialectical, the text will proceed from the more general problem of the conditions for the possibility ofits introduction, the main among which is the successful content formalization of Marx’s syllogistics. That is why the first paragraphs of the article are based on a critical examinationof the productivity of two of the formalizations of Marx’s syllogistic, which followhis Capital – David Harvey’s, on one hand, and Deyan Deyanov’s, on the other. This will give a chance, in the next paragraphs of the paper, to show clearly the reasons why the second content formalization is essential in the nonclassical logic of the dialectical.This logic’s main characteristics will be presented in the third and fourth paragraphs as a necessary condition for understanding the problem of subjectness in abductive inference as a practical logic not only in the narrower sense for the cases of scientific discoveries,but also in a wider sense, as a logic in cases of technological inventions and economic innovations (or generally in innovative labor). Precisely with this background in mind and in contrast to the critical consideration of other analysis of subjectness, such as Georg Lucacs’s and Louis Altusser’s, inspired by the Marx’s revolutionary form of science, the final part of the article outlines some important specifics about the specifics of the theoretical approach to the problem of subjectness (in abductive reasoning in particular) in the theories of structures of self-mediation.

Относно предмета на науката социална работа

Author(s): Nachko Radev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The article analyzes the essence of social work as a science whose core is assisting the process, defined as its subject and object. Argues its interdisciplinary character and analyzed three theoretical approaches to social work, psychological guidance; sociology-oriented and complex-oriented. Examine prekariatat as a new subject area of social work. Defines the essence of the precarious; reasons for its dynamics; precariat types; characteristics of the precariat: discontent, anomie, anxiety and alienation.

Отношение к религии украинской позднесоветской атеистической интеллигенции второй половины 1980-х гг. (по материалам журнала «Человек и мир»)

Author(s): Ruslan A. Savchuk / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2022

In the center of this research is the understanding of religious life by the late Soviet scientific intelligentsia of the Ukrainian SSR and the formation of mental attitudes towards religion in society. The relevance of the topic is determined by the significant influence of these mental attitudes on the formation of the position of modern Ukrainian society in the church issue. For the analysis, publications were selected in the journal “Human and the World”, which in Soviet times was the mouthpiece of the atheistic intelligentsia, and since September 1990 has become the main religious studies journal of Ukraine. The conclusions about the very cautious attitude of the late Soviet scientific intelligentsia of Ukraine in the second half of the 1980s to the growing public interest in religion are substantiated. The scientific intelligentsia, in its attitude to religion and the church, relied on stable cabinet images and clichés. In understanding the essence of spiritual life, the primacy of public benefit was characteristic. In the ideological sense, atheist intellectuals sought to liberate ethics from any form of religious justification, the autonomy of morality. The fear of being shackled by religious dogma and religious sanction prompted them to fight for non-religious morality, to prevent the influence of the church on society in every possible way, or to try to control this influence. Replacing it with secular “spirituality” was declared as the main method of combating religion.

Отношения на нараняване. Основания на преживяване, несъзнавани трансмисии и насилие в социалната практика

Author(s): Jürgen Straub / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2016

People live in “collective relationships of harm and vulnerability”. This social-theoretical concept focuses on the fact that people interact as vulnerable subjects and subjects capable of violence whose vulnerability, solidified in dispositions, may be considered the result of violence sustained and inflicted in historical constellations. Following an outline of psycho-analytical research results, the author presents the concept of transgenerational transmission of serious (traumatic) injuries and emphasizes the importance of enactments as a special form of unconscious actional retrospection in social situations. It is argued and illustrated that these and other traces of collective violence – even those dating back to the early centuries – are eminently manifest in modern immigration societies (e. g. in interactions with political refugees). From a normative perspective, the author advocates a heightened sensibility towards harm that presupposes a differentiated concept of violence that also includes symbolical and psychological forms. After giving a short explanation of two modes of symbolical and psychological injury that are important in migration societies – “dyspresentation” and certain forms of omission, namely silence –, the author finally discusses the ‘danger’ of promoting a dubious “tribunalization” of psycho-social realities through an increasing (scientific) sensitization for relationships of harm and vulnerability.

Паметта за последната песен на Левски – истина или мистификация

Author(s): Veselka Toncheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 17/2019

The text explores the existing information about the last song Vasil Levski was sing before being hanged in terms of the truth or mystifica¬tions that contains or “produces” the memory in opposition or dialogizing with the historical fact about the death of the Apostle. The main question is – where, in the context of the various interpretations, is “situated” the folk knowledge that before the hanging Vasil Levski was sing a song in the Turkish language – in the field of the experience, preserved in memory and accepted as authentic, on the verbal history through subjective narrative or in the sphere of the manipulable memory?

ПАРАДОКСИ КЊИЖЕВНЕ НАЦИОНАЛНОСТИ: СЛУЧАЈ БРАЋЕ ДИЗДАР

Author(s): Vesna Trijić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 78/2022

This paper defines the term of literary nationality and explains its function in Serbian literary history and bibliography. It presents challenges in its application on the examples of literary and journalistic works of Hamid and Mak Dizdar, born brothers, of whom the first one was known as Serbian and the second one as Croatian author. Our research has shown that Hamid Dizdar started his literary and journalistic career as an author of Serbian nationality: he wrote in Serbian language, worked in papers with strong pro-Serbian political orientation and even entered polemics due to such choices. However, during World War II, when Sarajevo became an important center of the Independent State of Croatia, he declared himself as Croatian writer of Muslim religion and took part in fascist propaganda. There are also a few testimonies of his cooperation with both partisans and chetniks. In communist Yugoslavia, he declared himself as Serbian once more and was entrusted important task of running the newly established Historical archive in Sarajevo. His archival works inclined to Bosnian integralism. In the case of Mak Dizdar, works from the last five years of his life, from the book of poetry Stone Sleeper to the controversial “Marginalia about and around the language“, have been singled out as crucial in defining his literary nationality. It has been shown that only after the essay of Muhamed Filipović “Bosnian spirit in literature, what is that?“, in which Stone Sleeper was attributed as a milestone in the awakening of “Bosnian consciousness“, political views of Mak Dizdar had been radicalized, but only in his public engagement, not in his literary works. The outcome of this research is awareness that the Yugoslav period can be adequately described in national literary histories and bibliographies only by applying the term of literary nationality.

Петър Шукеров, Иван Патев, Димитър Михайлов. Земята гледа небето. Хора и православни храмове в Средните Родопи. София, 2015

Author(s): Albena Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2016

Петър-Емил Митев: припомням си с благодарност

Author(s): Deyan Kyuranov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

As students of philosophy at the University of Sofia in the early 1970s, we were impressed by Prof. Petar-Emil Mitev. Using the simple sociological approach of counting the number of quotes from the officially dubbed “classic” authors (Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin) in the official Soviet journal “Voprosy filosofii”, he was able to highlight the subservience of Soviet philosophy to political conjecture. The conclusions, however, applied to all Soviet satellite states. This prompted us, self-organized in the so-called Marxian Seminar, to look for possibilities of criticizing “real socialism” through the discovery of “the authentic Marx”. Others from our group successfully entered the high echelons of communist government; that urged them and the rest of us to address the dilemmas of a sociologist facing totalitarian power. The attempt at critique of socialist reality via Marx failed; the experience of sociologists in power, since the 1960s up to the end of communism in 1989, had some success: thanks to them, certain reactions of the power elite became softer. On the other hand, sociologists were not consulted on decisions of the Communist Party’s Politbureau that shaped Bulgaria’s fate. It might be useful to compare problems of the positioning of sociologists then and now.

Платон и его идеальные миры

Author(s): Leonid A. Mosionjnic / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2009

The article contains an analysis of Plato’s utopian views in perspective of the modern cultural anthropology. The author suggests parallels between the ideal state design according to Plato with modern social ideas, on the one hand, and ethnographic evidence, on the other hand. This allows taking a new perspective on the origin of utopian ideas and their place in the cultural world view.