Modes of Comparative Studies of the Communist States in Eastern Europe – Towards a Theory of Detotalitarization
Regime and Society in the Countries of Eastern Europe (1956–1989)
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Regime and Society in the Countries of Eastern Europe (1956–1989)
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This paper investigates the managerial interpretation of the terms “error of judgement” and “white-collar crime” in relation to the evasion or negligence observed in administering occupational health and safety (OHS) provisions in the apparel manufacturing sector of Bangladesh. The research is qualitative in nature and follows an interpretivist paradigm. The questionnaire responses were collected from 20 mid- and top-level managers from 10 large apparel manufacturing factories located on the outskirts of Dhaka. The research reveals that all of the respondents have adequate knowledge about the relevant OHS provisions and safety protocols imposed on them by the local government and the global supply chain. They believe that the correct administration of the OHS provisions will reduce workplace accidents effectively. The research unfolds that the respondents interpret in different ways the terms "error of judgement” and “white-collar crime” in association with OHS negligence and evasion. Although empirical evidence shows that this type of negligence and evasion are considered as white-collar crime and punishable, most of the respondents in this research do not subscribe to this notion and alternatively believe that it is an “error of judgement” and therefore non-punishable.
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Instead of forejudging whether or not Turkey is a leader as understood from the title and picking those events that would prove our point we started asking questions and searched for answers looking at the events that are taking place. A leader country does not establish its stance based on the world events and does not assume the role of subcontractor in another country’s project. First and foremost, a leader country determines the policies. Within its own boundaries and with its own free will it first plans the foreign policy actions and by using one or more of its economic, cultural, military, diplomatic forces and resources throws its weight behind the conditions in the arenas it wants to be effective. One cannot speak of leadership of a country when it is powerless to get its way and unable to stop events harming it.
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In this study, the structural factors that make up the Nagorno-Karabakh issue and the nature of the conflict due to this issue will be illuminated from a perspective of international relations. First of all, the emergence of Nagorno- Karabakh issue, its importance, its development and its international dimension will be taken up and illuminated. The international efforts and initiatives which are carried out in order to find a solution to the Karabakh issue will be discussed along with the causes and consequences. Throughout this paper, the interests of the relevant parties and their perceptions of interests were tried to be determined. Additionally, after the problematic of the paper has been outlined, the paper will discuss if any solution is possible and, if any, what kind of solution may bring a lasting peace. The main thesis leading to the current study is that the Karabakh issue has a strong international dimension along with internal dynamics. If so, any attempt to find a solution to the conflict has to take it into consideration.
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Immigration and free movement of persons has become one of the main questions on the agenda of security institutions all over Europe. These aspects are now taken into consideration when drafting national security conceptions and prevention plans. Experts are defining threats that arise specifically from this phenomena – free movement of persons. Together with this, another problem is outlining – is the current instruments to limit free movement for the cause of national security enough to prevent certain security risks? In this paper author is researching the threats to national security caused by the free movement of persons and views the possibilities to limit these threats. The task of the research is to determine whether today we should understand free movement as it was understood previously and what are the current consequences of this phenomena, what new threats to national security it has caused and what could be done to eliminate these threats. In the preparation of the paper author uses number of scientific research methods. Author applies analytical method by analysing available literature, laws and other legal documents. Comparative method is used to compare different legal and practical studies. To a certain extent author uses statistical method by considering statistics of crime rates and performing expert interviews. The results of the research show that existing instruments available to limit free movement of persons for the sake of national security are not enough to prevent complex threats. Europe’s expectations that immigration and free movement of persons are one of the core instrument to warm the economy have not been met. Thus Europe is flooded by immigrants that are subjects of threat to national security. Hostile third countries are using existing situation for their advantage and challenge Europe’s core values. Current situation in the migration field, refugee crisis, lingering to solve immigration problems and create effective instruments to manage the immigration flows are the aspects that should be considered as a favour to hostile countries.Solution in this situation could be rising capacities and intensifying counterespionage. Widening the view on conventional migration issues and strengthening the cooperation could be more appropriate to manage identified threats. Another way to manage alternating situation is to create new instruments to limit free movement of persons for the sake of national security and adjusting or creating common legal basis.
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Recent European integration discourses are increasingly structured by neo-racist topoi based on orientalist markers of difference. In the Austrian debate, people of Turkish origin are particularly affected by such ascriptions. They are marked as a group not willing to integrate and culturally not fitting into Austrian society. In this discursive conglomerate, women are identified as oppressed victims, lacking education and being in need of help. Using the biographical narratives of young Austrian-Turkish women, this paper reconstructs four modi of dealing with these discursive ascriptions and experiences of neo-racist othering: retreating and pragmatically reducing ambitions, trivializing racist experiences and assimilating to the mainstream, naming facts and aiming to improve the situation by communication, delegitimizing and ironically transcending racism.
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The paper shows an image and functions of Yiddish and Judeo-Spanish languages among Jewish Diaspora groups – the Balkan Sephardim and the Ashkenazim (the Ostjuden group) – in the period from the beginning of the twentieth century until the outbreak of World War II. The study is based on the articles from Jewish weeklies, magazines and newspapers from pre-war Bosnia and Hercegovina and from Germany/Poland. It demonstrates a double-sided attitude towards the languages. On the one hand – an image of the languages as determinants of Jewish identity. Touching on this theme, the authors of the paper also try to highlight the images of Yiddish and Judeo-Spanish and as determinants in a narrower sense – of the Sephardi/Ashkenazi identity in that period. On the other hand, the paper shows a tendency to treat the languages as “corrupted” and “dying” languages, and as factors slowing down the assimilation of Jewish groups and also as an obstacle for Zionist ideologies.
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This article analyzes human resources in the Russian Federation, problems and forecasts of their development. The role of human resources for the country’s development in the global economic space has been considered; the place of Russia in the world economy in terms of GDP has been shown; Russian human resources have been analyzed based on such criteria as population, population density, birth rate, mortality, sex and age composition, level of urbanization, population dynamics, indicators of external and internal migration, ethnic composition, qualification structure. These values allow predicting the employment level, identifying opportunities for the state in the development of social support for the population in the future, carrying out reforms in education, predicting changes in the structure and quality of the labor force. The authors present their forecast values of total, natural and migration growth of the population up to 2030, analyzing and comparing the indicators related to the population in Russia. The paper also characterizes Russian human resources according to such modern evaluation indices as Human Development Index, Global Competitiveness Index, Education Index, World Happiness Index, and Gender Equity Index and analyzes the place of modern Russia in the ratings of the world countries with regard to these indices.
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The article succinctly presents the functions of Philosophy in Bulgarian high school education. These functions include: 1) exercising of linguistic competencies and clarification of verbal behaviour as to help students construct and apply criteria for meaningful statements; 2) when Philosophy is practiced in a dialogical format it serves as a precondition for learning argumentation, justification, and gives one better ability to change their position on the basis of a rational inquiry; 3) аs a social discipline, Philosophy develops the communicative abilities of the students and serves as a unique cultural technique. The text follows the descriptions of these crucial functions and is partly based on direct observations on the current educational status quo in Bulgaria.
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„Vasil Petleshkov“ Primary school is looking for new ways of approving education by applying a project based work. The activities in Human Resources Development Operational Programme – „Increasing education quality in high schools by full-time organisation of the educational process“ is realized with parents agreement and filled forms for their children’s participation. Communication and information exchange between partners is made by new technologies.
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The article reveals the structure and content of the readiness of preschool age children to school education, comparative results about the level of formation of self-concept, the emotional attitude towards education, the inner attitude of a schoolchild in first grade students, which have attended preschool educational institutions, and which have not are presented.
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The study explores the problem of chimera groups emulating criminal groups as a new sociopedagogical reality. Regardless of the diversity of scientific suggestions on signifying these criminal groups, we use chimera group as a main concept. The reason for that is the evaluative neutrality of the concept, which is associated with deviant behavior of children and adolescents at school and with the impossibility for this group to be detected. The concept deviance is interpreted in the context of the ideas of French sociological studies as presented by Pierre Bordieu and, more specifically, through the mechanisms of “sociogenesis”, which is conceived as a duality of the biographical and the social in the life of adolescents and the formation of their identity. The “sociogenesis” of inheritance uncovers the birth of the father as a mechanism of production and reproduction of violence in the chimera group. The analysis of chimera groups at schools is strongly dependent on teachers’ social sensitivity and the expansion of pedagogical discourse.
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Kałuża describes the communicational conditions, politico-cultural perspectives and aesthetic or artistic approach to poems in the work of Polish poets residing outside Poland. As a point of departure she proposes to substitute twenty-first-century emigre narratives with notions of cultural encounters and everyday writing practices. Based on an analysis of both the poems and the traditions in which they are rooted, Kałuża proposes her principal thesis that these works are tied to a monolithic and conservative model of culture.
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This paper studies the cultural, in this case literary (prose),communication between writers-representatives of different nations. After the determination of the term interculturality and function of culture in slowing the stigma, ghettoisation, passes to the analysis of literary and social activities of two writers,members of the same minority in Serbia - Laslо Vegеl and Laslo Blašković. In the case of different strategies (writing in their native or second language, orientation towards his national community, the relationship to the majority, according to a former state – Yugoslavia – and present, Serbia, treatment of political issues, etc.) Establishes their relationship to their own entity stronghold and possibilities of overcoming its possible oppression (the term Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak) or oppressiveness (termed Susan Stanford Friedman).
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