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UPS AND DOWNS OF TURKISH RELATIONSHIP WITH ERBIL AND BAGHDAD IN THE POST-2003 ERA

Author(s): Tomáš Kaválek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This article elaborates on the development of the Turkish foreign policy towards Iraqi Federal and Kurdistan Regional Government (IFG and KRG) since the US invasion to Iraq in 2003. The article analyzes several dimensions of Turkey’s foreign policy towards KRG and IFG: security, politics and economy. Relations between Iraqi Kurds and Turkey underwent remarkable change since 2009. Rather warm relations with Baghdad started to falter since 2009 onwards. Strengthening Iran’s influence over predominantly Shiite Iraqi Federal Government since the US pullout from Iraq only strengthened Turkey’s reliance on Erbil. In 2014, ISIS swept through vast Sunni areas of Iraq bringing decay of Baghdad’s power and further increasing its dependency on Tehran.

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The Risks of Online Gambling for Younger Males: Insights from Czech National Surveys

Author(s): Šárka Licehammerová,Anastasia Ejova,Pavla Chomynová,Zuzana Tion Leštinová,Viktor Mravčík / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Compared to offline gambling forms, online gambling has been hypothesized to lead to a height ened risk of developing gambling pathology. Suggestions about who the risks apply to have varied. In light of the finding that online gambling and the associated financial difficulties are reported mostly by younger males, some hypotheses identify younger males as an at-risk group. An alternative possibility is that younger males simply display a trend that will emerge population-wide as online gambling proliferates. In this chapter, hypotheses about the population-wide and young-male-specific risks of online gambling are assessed using data from three nation wide Czech surveys.

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New Media, Old Inequalities: Technological Fixes, National Containers, and the Roma

Author(s): Monika Metyková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Much has been written and discussed about the potential of new media technologies for re-invigorating European democracies in the past 25 years by policy makers, activists, and academics. One of the widely recognized roles of the media in this respect is the provision of a space for public discussion where diverse opinions and representations thrive. This chapter argues that,while in the early 1990s policy makers – at least rhetorically – recognized the potential of new media (Web 2.0, in particular) in creating such a space, the underlying rationale for much new media policy has shifted toward economic and developmental goals.

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COMMUNICATING REFUGEES AND HUMAN RIGHTS: THE GERMAN GOVERNMENT’S ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS

Author(s): Johanna C. Günther / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The European Union’s asylum and refugee policies have evoked as much vehement criticism from human rights activists as from media outlets – most expressly in 2015 and 2016, when the numbers of refugees crossing the EU’s external borders either in Greece and Italy or in Bulgari, and Hungary, reached their peak. There are various accounts of human rights violations at the EU’s external borders, and within national asylum systems. The same holds true for analyses addressing the EU’s asylum and refugee policies, the acts of its agencies, and decisions made by individual member states in terms of their compatibility with the European human rights regime.

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IMMIGRATION AND ELECTORAL SUPPORT FOR THE RADICAL RIGHT: EVIDENCE FROM DUTCH MUNICIPALITIES

Author(s): Panagiotis Chasapopoulos,Arjen van Witteloostuijn,Christophe Boone / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Throughout Europe in recent years, a considerable number of ‘extreme-right’ parties, as they are most often referred to, have been gaining popularity and influencing the formation of public opinion. In France, the far-right ‘Front National’ party of Marine Le Pen scored its highest ever percentage of votes when it won through to the second round of the presidential elections in the spring of 2017. Shortly before that, at the national elections taking place in the Netherlands, the populist radical-right ‘Party for Freedom’ of Geert Wilders came second, increasing its previous number of seats in the parliament. Only a few months earlier, in summer of 2016, the right-wing populist ‘UK Independence Party’ had managed to play a major role in the ‘Brexit’ referendum by promoting itself as a nativist nationalist political movement.

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Normativni I institucionalni okvir rodne ravnopravnosti

Author(s): Amila Ždralović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Formalno-pravne aspekte rodne ravnopravnosti u BiH nužno je posmatrati kroz dva nivoa - međunarodni i nacionalni, koji imaju svoje refleksije i na ostale nivoe uključujući i najniži nivo - lokalnu zajednicu. Za potrebe ovog istraživanja, a s obzirom na važne refleksije na lokalne zajednice, u međunarodnim pravnim dokumentima posebno se izdvajaju CEDAW konvencija (Konvencija o ukidanju svih oblika diskriminacije žena, 1979.), Pekinška deklaracija i Platforma za akciju (1995.), Rezolucija 1325 (“Žene, mir i sigurnost”, 2000.) i Konvencija Vijeća Europe o sprečavanju i borbi protiv nasilja nad ženama i nasilja uporodici (2011., tzv. Istanbulska konvencija). U odnosu na domaće zakonodavstvo nužno je istaći značaj Zakona o ravnopravnosti spolovau BiH i Zakona o zabrani diskriminacije u BiH.

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Rodna ravnopravnost u regijama Tuzla i Livno: Riječi na papiru

Author(s): Zarfa Hrnjić Kuduzović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Jedan od osnovnih principa Evropske unije čijom članicom nastoji postati i Bosna i Hercegovina je rodna ravnopravnost. Amsterdamski ugovor, te brojne direktive EU obavezuju države da u svojim politikama i programima doprinose jednakopravnosti žena i muškaraca. Rodna ravnopravnost je i jedan od 17 globalnih ciljeva Programa održivog razvoja do 2030. godine kojeg su usvojile članice Ujedinjenih naroda, a koji je proizašao iz Milenijumske deklaracije. Najvažniji dokument UN-a iz domena rodne ravnopravnosti je Konvencija o eliminisanju svihoblika diskriminacije žena. Ukidanje diskriminacije žena i djevojčica, kako stoji u Programu, nije samo osnovno ljudsko pravo, nego ima višestruki učinak na druga područja razvoja. Od 2013. BiH je i potpisnica Istanbulske konvencije. Rodna ravnopravnost koja podrazumijeva jednako učešće žena i muškaraca u svim sferama javnog i privatnog života, jednak status, jednaku involviranost u procese odlučivanja u politici, programe rada i prakse svih institucija, te jednak pristup društvenim resursima i jednake benefite od njih, dugoročno bi trebala rezultirati kvalitetnijim i humanijim životom u zajednici.

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Turks in German Political Life: Effects of Turkish Origin Politicians to Integration

Author(s): Tolga Sakman / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Turks started to voice their requests through associations that founded at beginning of 1960s and 1970s. In the 1970s, associations and federations that works as a part of political parties in Turkey entered to the life of Turks in Germany. At the same time, concepts that advocated in Turkey became popular among Turks in Germany.

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BÖLÜM II GÖÇ, KİMLİK ve DİASPORA - Beşeri Sermaye Kaynağı Olarak Diaspora: Almanya’da Yaşayan Nitelikli Türk Diasporası Üzerine Bir Saha Çalışması

Author(s): Atakan Durmaz,Adem Kalça / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Türkiye’nin 2005-2015 yılları arasındaki ekonomik performansına bakıldığında, reel GSYH’nin yaklaşık yıllık ortalama %4 arttığı, kamu borç stokunun %67,7’den %36,3’e gerilediği, bütçe açığının %10’dan %3’ün altına düştüğü ve kişi başına düşen milli gelirinin 4.565 ABD dolarından 9.177 ABD dolarına çıktığı görülmektedir. Aynı dönemde ihracat gelirlerinin 47 milyar ABD dolarından 152 milyar ABD dolarına, turizm gelirlerinin ise 14 milyar ABD dolarından 31,465 milyar ABD dolarına ulaşmıştır. Bu durum Türkiye’yi Avrupa Birliği Bölgesi’ndeki 6. büyük ekonomi, dünyanın ise 17. büyük ekonomisi konumuna gelmiştir. Son dönemlerde ekonomi alanında gösterilen bu ilerlemenin ardından Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, kuruluşunun 100. Yılında denk gelen 2023 yılında dünyanın en büyük 10. ve Avrupa’nın en büyük 3. ekonomisi olma hedefini belirlemiştir. Bu doğrultuda milli gelirini 2 trilyon dolara, kişi başına düşen milli gelirini 25 bin dolara ve ihracatını da 500 milyar dolara çıkarmayı hedeflemektedir. Ancak ülkenin mevcut üretim stratejisini değerlendiren bilim insanları ve politika yapıcılar mevcut üretim sistemiyle belirlenen hedeflerin yakalanmasının son derece zor olduğunu belirtmekte ve ülkenin önündeki en önemli sorunun ARGE yatırımlarındaki ve bilgi üretimindeki yetersizlik ve üretilen bilginin ticarileştirilememesi olduğunu savunmaktadırlar.

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THE FUTURE OF RETIREMENT: RETIREMENT LITERACY AND FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR OF TEACHERS POPULATION IN THE SLAVONIA REGION

Author(s): Verica Jovanovski / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

For today’s workers, the process of aging will differ from previous generations. Social contracts among governments, employers, and individuals are central to retirement systems around the world. Today, throughout their lifetime, individuals are more responsible for their finances than ever before. Financial markets are rapidly changing with developments in technology and new and more complex financial products. Skills are becoming more critical and it is important to understand whether people are equipped to effectively navigate the maze of financial decisions that they face every day. Generous defined social security benefit pension plans are diminishing, as life expectancy and the need for self-funded retirement savings are increasing. In this paper, the author presents the results of the research conducted in the region of Slavonia related to retirement literacy and understanding of the financial behavior of the population of teachers that work in schools. The questionnaire was based on the Big Three financial and retirement literacy measurement and The Aegon Retirement Readiness Survey. The goal of the research is to compare the results to similar research studies and to find out financial understanding and the need for organizing retirement literacy education for teachers’ population in the region of Slavonia.

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IMPLICATIONS OF A NEW ERA OF MEDIA ON THIRD AGED PERSONS IN THE CONTEXT OF MEDIA LITERACY

Author(s): Nefreteta Zekić Eberhard,Zrinka Stanić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Media literacy has been recognized in European Union documents related to audiovisual and media policy as an essential factor in the modern information society, with commitment to education on this issue at all levels. However, most education programs are focused on preschool and school-age, while at the same time, some recent research shows that people over 65 are the ones who, for various reasons (primarily, ignorance), spread most misinformation or fake news via social networks. This research seeks to gain insight into the extent to which third-person consumers are media consumers, what the forms of media are they are most in touch with, and to what extent they can distinguish informative media content from covert marketing advertising. It also seeks to gain insight into the aftermath of a generation of passive media consumers with modern media technology that offers a proactive approach to participation and information formation for the masses and to answer the question as to how much they create and shape information through social networks and communication platforms. The research is conducted on a representative sample of third-age media content consumers through questionnaires and in-depth interviews, and the analysis of the results obtained aims at determining their media knowledge, experiences, habits, and insights.

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Women in Legislative, Executive and Judicial Branch of the Government

Author(s): Lejla Balić,Amila Ždralović / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Although the feminist movement should not be restricted solely to the struggle for women’s suffrage (passive and active suffrage, in other words, the right to vote and stand in the elections), acquisition of the status of political entity, regardless of all theoretical discrepancies between different forms of feminism, remains its lasting feature. The first argumentation of necessity of women’s involvement in political sphere was carved out within the framework of the liberal political philosophy on the foundations of its principles of equality of all human beings and was thus formulated as a call for participation of women in political life, on an equal footing with men. However, the actual equality has not been accomplished after women won these rights, and the anticipated societal changes failed to materialise.

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Učešće žena u zakonodavnoj i izvršnoj vlasti i pravosuđu

Author(s): Lejla Balić,Amila Ždralović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Iako je pogrešno feministički pokret svesti isključivo na borbu žena za osvajanje punog prava glasa (i pasivnog i aktivnog prava glasa, odnosno i prava da bira i da bude birana), sticanje statusa političkog subjekta – bez obzira na sve teorijske diskrepancije feminizama – njegovo je kontinuirano obilježje. Prva argumentacija za nužnost uključivanja žena u političku sferu isklesana je u okviru liberalne političke filozofije i na temeljima njenih postulata o jednakopravnosti svih ljudskih bića te formulisana kao zahtjev da žene ravnopravno s muškarcima učestvuju u političkom životu. Ipak, ova ravnopravnost generalno nije postignuta nakon osvajanja prava niti su se desile očekivane društvene promjene.

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Analysis of the Needs and Support to Civilian Victims of War

Author(s): Emina Bužinkić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Our war and post-war experience has been marked with terrible and widespread sufferings of civilians. As one of the central questions in dealing with the past and peace-building processes in the Croatian society, we ask ourselves how we can offer adequate support and contribute to providing justice and reparations to civilian victims of war. In doing this, we create and support research, analytical, educational and public political activities, but also methods of direct support to civilian victims of war. Compensations and reparations to victims are one of the key elements of transitional justice. They enable victims to receive public recognition of their suffering and compensation for the endured pain, humiliation and losses. By setting up reparations programs, the state implements a system of respecting human rights and answers the needs of victims as one of the most endangered social groups, groups in constant risk of social exclusion and bad socio-economic situation. The state is obliged to deliver justice and ensure their citizens full respect of human rights, and victims have the right to protection and safety. Reparations come in many forms, from legal mechanisms through symbolic and material reparations to group or individual reparations programs. According to the resolution Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law, civilian victims of war have the right to adequate, efficient and timely reparation.

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Analiza potreba i podrška civilnim žrtvama rata

Author(s): Emina Bužinkić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Naše je ratno i poslijeratno iskustvo obilježeno teškim i brojnim stradanjima civila. Kao jedno od središnjih pitanja suočavanja s prošlošću i izgradnje mira u hrvatskom društvu postavljamo si pitanje kako pružiti odgovarajuću podršku civilnim stradalnicima te doprinijeti ostvarenju pravednosti i obeštećenja civilnih žrtava rata. Na tom putu kreiramo i podupiremo istraživačke, analitičke, obrazovne i aktivnosti javnog političkog djelovanja, ali i metode neposredne podrške civilnim žrtvama rata. Ovim tekstom željeli bismo ćitatelje/ice iz organizacija za ljudska prava i drugih organizacija i inicijativa iz civilnoga društva upoznati s našim djelovanjem posljednjih godina putem nekoliko primjera iz prakse koji sveobuhvatno nastoje unaprijediti položaj civilnih žrtava rata u ostvarenju njihova prava na odgovarajuće obeštećenje.

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Pregled suđenja u odsutnosti

Author(s): Milena Čalić-Jelić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Prema čl. 402. (3) Zakona o kaznenom postupku, “optuženiku se može suditi u odsutnosti samo ako postoje osobito važni razlozi da mu se sudi, a nije moguće suđenje u stranoj državi ili nije moguće izručenje ili je optuženik u bijegu ili nije dostižan državnim tijelima.” U protivnom, optuženik tijekom trajanja kaznenog postupka u pravilu mora biti prisutan jer je upravo on jedan od glavnih izvora saznanja o činjenicama koje se u postupku utvrđuju te preko njegova iskaza sud može doći do saznanja o tim činjenicama. Stoga bi suđenja u odsutnosti trebala predstavljati iznimnu mogućnost u provođenju kaznenog postupka.

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HOW HAS TIME PROGRESSED WITH THE EU REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS INDEX? CONTINUED NUMBER 2. WHAT CHANGE DID THE LAST EDITION OF RCI 2019 BRING?

Author(s): Lukáš Melecký / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Regional Competitiveness Index (RCI) has been measuring the significant factors of competitiveness over the past ten years for all the NUTS 2 level regions across the European Union (EU). RCI measures with more than 70 comparable indicators the ability of a region to offer an attractive and sustainable environment for firms and residents to live and work. RCI results are standardly illustrated with interactive maps and a range of interactive web tools, which is attractive as well as for the public. The scorecards make it easy to compare any region with the EU and regions with a similar level of GDP per head. Users can easily see where their region stands on aspects such as governance, infrastructure, including the digital networks, health, human capital and labour market and innovation. RCI results confirm a polycentric pattern with a strong performance of most capitals and regions with large cities, that benefit from agglomeration effects, better connectivity and high levels of human capital. Other regions in the same country in some cases, score much worse. The north-west and south-east divide across the EU is still clear and visible. The paper aims at comprehensive analysis of RCI approach is performed by the systematic review across the editions. Results show that comparing RCI over time is complicated because all editions incorporate slight modifications. The authors of RCI try to keep changes to a minimum so as not to affect its overall structure and to maintain a high degree of comparability across the editions. However, despite all its shortcomings, RCI proved to be a robust way to summarise many different indicators into one index.

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Антикорупционно законодателство в България: промени и перспективи

Author(s): Trifon Trifonov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In our society, in the last few years, "Corruption" is among the most frequently mentioned words. The presence of corruption, the perception of it and its consequences are visible to all of us. It is a social phenomenon, and the fight against it involves many different measures and mechanisms. The purpose of this article is to examine precisely those methods of fighting corruption, implicated into the legislative framework of Bulgaria. The main emphasis is placed on the anti-corruption law bill, as the fundamental normative act in this field.

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Research Innovations in Post COVID Environments

Author(s): Sivaram Vemuri / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The presentation examines what it takes to transform the research process to find innovative solutions for sustainable living in post-Covid 19 environments. The concern of this presentation is that current research inadequately addresses the multidimensionality of both individual and society's concerns in a post COVID environment. The presentation is an answer to why research thus far has not provided adequate responses to society's challenges for simultaneously delivering health, well being, and economic prosperity at the individual and society levels. The researcher's challenge is to provide a way forward to deliver simultaneously of quality of sustainable living related to individual concern for healthy living and for providing broadly defined social welfare. The three-part presentation comprises (1) identifying the need for transforming the research process, (2) Advocating the use of the Systemic Innovation Capability model for determining the importance of strategic intent and need for leadership to deliver a shift in the research process, and (3) the changes required for transforming the university research processes. The presentation will conclude by advocating for developing initiatives for promoting a research culture for promoting sustainable growth mindsets amongst researchers.

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Кризата и митовете в съвременната българска политика

Author(s): Ivo Stamboliyski / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper points out the connection between political crisis and political myths and defends the understanding that political myths in Bulgarian society contribute to the emergence of political crises.

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