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This paper analyzes the theoretical views of scientists that had influence on formation of the content and functionality of the social policy, defined methods and principles of the investigation in the context of historical transformation, discloses a methodology of social policy in the partnership between the state and civil society.
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Relevance of research. Ukraine, according to its Constitution, is a social state, whose activities are aimed at creating conditions that ensure a dignified life and free human development. The evolution of such a state occurs through the implementation of a social function, the meaning of which is to provide guarantees of a social nature, social protection, social attending, social partnership and the like. Formulation of the problem. With the implementation of socio-economic reforms in Ukraine in the early 90s, the system of providing social services to the population has undergone major changes. In Soviet times, social services were provided in the social security system in stationary institutions: nursing homes, orphanages, boarding schools (hospitals) for neuropsychiatric patients, etc. In terms of their goals and content, they were aimed at helping those categories of the population who could not independently serve themselves through loneliness, orphanhood, severe disability or illness. The transition to a market economic system, a sharp increase in the number of citizens in need of social protection in the early 90s, forced the state and the institution of local self-government, which appeared during the reforms, to rethink the role of social services in human life and the organization of their provision. Networks of state and municipal institutions began to be created, designed to provide specialized social assistance, which made it possible to form a new system of social attending for the population. The rapid growth of the population's needs for social services, their impact on the dynamics of the development of society and the nature of social relations, forced to take care of the financial sources for the provision of such services. However, this issue has not yet been finally resolved. The market economy requires the creation of a multi-channel system for financing of social protection of the population. Analysis of recent research and publications. Modern research on social attending are often carried out in the context of social policy, social work, or social assistance. Among foreign scientists studying social issues are T. E. Demidova, G. Inglehart, E. E. Machulskaya, V. Pareto, V. D. Roick, R. Titmus, E. I. Kholostova, S. Eisebi, L. Erhard, G. Esping-Andersen and many others. Among the latest publications of domestic authors, scientific articles should be named: S. A. Gorbunova-Ruban and I. M. Vitkovskaya, who analyze the activities of public organizations as subjects of the provision of social services in the city of Kharkov. К. Dubich research is dedicated to the issues of state management of social services; I. V. Meschan considers social services as a component of the system of social protection of the population from the standpoint of the sociological and managerial aspect and covers in detail the theoretical approaches to the concepts of “service” and “social service”; Popok A. and Greby G. make a structural and functional analysis of the system of social services in Ukraine; Rotar V. explores modern approaches to understanding the content of the category "social services"; Savchuk L. analyzes the reforming of the system of social services in the context of decentralization and some others. The financial aspects of social services are highlighted along with other issues of financial provision of social protection of the population. Unexplored parts of the general problem. Despite the number of works on social protection and social attending, it should be noted that the evolution of social protection, economic reforms in the country encourage further study of theoretical foundations and search for financial sources of social services, taking into account the difficult financial situation of the economy and implementation strategic course of Ukraine for European integration. Many questions of theoretical and methodological nature remain open. Problem statement, research objectives. The purpose of the article is to highlight the unsolved problems of social attending in Ukraine of a theoretical, methodological and financial nature, as well as to present the author's vision of their solution. To achieve the goal, the article sets and solves the following tasks: to analyze the theoretical and methodological foundations of social attending (services) for the population as one of the important elements of the social security system; to identify the features of the domestic model of financial provision of social attending; to determine the prospects for social attending in Ukraine. Method and methodology of the study. During the study, historical, analytical-empirical, inductive-deductive, comparative research methods were used to establish the theoretical and methodological foundations of social services in Ukraine, as well as to clarify some issues of financial support of the existing model of the system of social services in Ukraine. The method of expert assessments, the causal (cause-and-effect) method of scientific research were used for understanding of the state of the modern system of social services in Ukraine and to determine the directions for further research in this area. The results of study. The paper examines the theoretical, methodological and financial aspects of social attending, shows its structural and logical scheme, developed by the authors. It has been established that in economic theory and in practice concerning social attending there is confusion in basic concepts and terms. It is, first, because in Ukraine there is still no single normative legal act that would clearly define all controversial issues and regulate legal relations between the state and citizens on the issues of receiving various types of social assistance. It is argued that the concept of "social attending" should not be replaced by the concept of "provision of social services". It means the performance of work, functions related to the satisfaction of someone's requests or needs, so in its content is a broader concept, as it involves the creation of conditions for the development of social capital. Social attending is an independent element of the system of social protection of the population; it includes the provision of social services. The structural and logical scheme of social services is presented. It is shown that the system of social services in Ukraine is constantly in the process of modernization in accordance with the new needs of citizens and modern world approaches to social attending. Several approaches of scientists to social attending are analyzed. It is argued that in recent years, due to the war in the East of the country and the need to fight coronavirus infection during the 2020-2021 pandemic. There was a reorientation of spending on social protection and social security in favor of social attending, namely, the provision of social services to the population, as well as an increase in the remuneration of workers involved in this process. It was found that local budgets and the budgets of the united territorial communities became a significant factor in financial support in the context of the decentralization reform. The article presents the parameters of the provision of social services by united territorial communities (UTC). It forms a general idea of the resource potential of UTC within certain regions and how actively they are involved in the process of social services to their residents. It is found out why the pilot project "Development of social services", intended for the development of social services of the UTC, failed in 2020. The assessments of domestic experts in the field of social attending were studied, which made it possible to form an idea of the advantages and disadvantages of the existing system of social services. Possible ways of its improvement are outlined. The creation of a multichannel financing system is named as a feature of financial support for social protection of the population, including social services. The authors note that budget funding should be allocated on a competitive basis, and a contract should be concluded with the winner for the provision of services at the expense of the budget. The mission of the state in this matter is to control the quality of social services, the timeliness and targeting of their provision, the targeted and rational use of funds. The provision of social services should be carried out on a competitive basis. The field of results application. The research results can be used in theory and practice in the field of social services. The indicated shortcomings of the existing system for the provision of social services and their analysis will be a useful source of information for developing ways to improve the domestic model of financial support for the provision of social services to the population of Ukraine. Conclusions. The study of the theoretical, methodological and financial aspects of social attending in Ukraine gives grounds to draw the following conclusions. Despite the adoption of a number of regulatory documents defining the concept of "social services", there is confusion in economic theory and in practice on the use of basic concepts and terms. It is because Ukraine still does not have a single regulatory legal act that would clearly define all these points and regulate the legal relationship between the state and citizens regarding the receipt of various types of social assistance. The concept of "social services" should not be replaced by the concept of "provision of social services". Social attending means the performance of work, functions related to the satisfaction of someone's needs or needs. Therefore, in its content, it is a broader concept, since it implies the creation of conditions for the development of social capital, and not only the provision of social services to vulnerable categories of the population or citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation. This term should designate one of the elements of the social protection system of the population, which is engaged in the provision of social services. The system of social services in Ukraine is constantly in the process of renewal and modernization in accordance with the new needs of citizens and modern world approaches to social services. The adoption of the new edition of the Law "On social services" and the classifier of social services is an important step towards reforming the system of social services. A feature of the financial provision of social attending in a market economy is the creation of a multichannel financing system. It means that various subjects of the social services market should be involved in the provision of services, and the state should exercise control over their quality, targeted and rational use of funds, timeliness and targeting of their provision. The mission of the state in this matter is to help service providers financially on a competitive basis. The existing system for the provision of social services has a number of shortcomings. It still remains distant from the real needs of a specific person who needs social protection, so it cannot yet be considered effective. Prospects for further research should be conducted in the direction of deepening theoretical research in the following areas: A clearer definition of the economic and legal content of categories and concepts in the in the social security system; Development of the Social Code of Ukraine; Improvement of the domestic model of financial support for the in the social security system, including social attending for the population, for the delineation of financial powers between providers of social services, as well as the development of a methodology for assessing the financial efficiency of the provision of social services.
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The article is sanctified to the problem of interdisciplinary researches of social orientation in such heavy for all humanity period, as transition from the epoch of barbarism to the epoch of civilization. Fundamental scientific works of general character are absent, what would be a professional instrument in social practice. Separate interdisciplinary disciplines are unable to answer all questions of present time. Obviously, in our view, that some set of interdisciplinary disciplines of the intersystem co-operations system incorporated on principles will form, sufficient from the point of view of plenitude, tool of study and prognostication of the social phenomena. Actuality of theme is underlined by that complication of social processes will increase farther. Will bring determination over of general methodology. General methodology is the system of principles and methods (methods) of theoretical and practical activity of man and humanity on the whole. Unifying duty of consolidation and co-ordination of enormous amount of scientific developments and researches of modern problems of globalization of the world the applied ontology must perform the, as the special area of scientific knowledge about the basic laws of evolution and most rational way of life and activity of people on an earthly planet. Creation of theoretical bases of the applied ontology in the nearest prospect will allow to attract all people to knowledge, specific of objective common to all mankind laws and requirements, and at the same time will allow to bring them over subjective, often selfish, interests and passions in the proper accordance to the general earthly norms of the clever, civilized thinking and behavior on our general planet. System methods of the third generation presentations of scientific theories : worked out on all possible levels verbal, symbol (formalized), algorithmic, with possibility of ЕВМ of realization, to playing. It is knowledge of morrow. It is new interdisciplinary approach, that allows to build system models and conduct the interdisciplinary analysis of difficult objects, processes and phenomena regardless of their physical nature. Serves as foundation for the construction of ideology that applies on the role of new world view basis of man of the third millennium. Can be used on the joints of science, religion, culture, anomalous phenomena and esoteric knowledge.
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The paper presents the results of studying two main methods of healing plants from infections during original potato seed production for obtaining high-quality planting material in the Republic of Karelia. Clonal selection of the most productive generations of the Ladojsky and Charodey potato varieties was conducted in protected ground on the basis of the visual assessment of mini-tubers (obtained from apical meristem-improved plants) in terms of their number and size. The correctness of this selection was confirmed by using specific methods of multivariate statistical analysis. While obtaining the first field generation in open ground the productivity of selected clones and vegetative generation was evaluated without selection. The productivity of the Ladojsky and Charodey variety selected clones increased by 33 % and 26 %, respectively. Thus, with the help of mathematical methods it is possible to increase the efficiency of the best clones selection at the stage of obtaining mini-tubers.
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The purpose of the work. Identification of continuity, the process of the emergence of elements of creative technology in the history of the art of guitar performance. The research methodology is a systematic approach to studying the history of musical performance; cultural and musicological methods of analysis to identify the historical continuity of the technology elements of performance. Scientific novelty. Introduced in understanding the structure of performing guitar musical creativity system-forming concepts of "technology" and "technological process." From the standpoint of these concepts, the appearance in the guitar performing arts of new ways, methods of sound extraction, tone control technologies and the expressiveness of the sound line, individual sounds and chords is analyzed. Conclusions. The analysis of various aspects of the guitar performance technology in the historical aspect reveals two directions of practical significance of such analysis: 1) it allows to correlate the methods and methods of sound production with the traditions of the creation epoch; 2) helps to exclude stylistic features that are not characteristic of this work in the technique of mastering the guitar performance.
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The purpose of the article is to determine the specificity and innovation of "Poetic Dynamics" by D. Stein as a modern system of teaching actors based on the principles of the techniques of "Mime pur" E. Dekru and "Dynamics" by D. Walker. The methodology is based on the principles of objectivity, historicism, multifactor, systemicity, complexity, development and pluralism, and to achieve the goal, the methods of scientific knowledge are used: problem-chronological, concrete historical, statistical, descriptive, logical-analytical. Scientific novelty. For the first time an art critic study of the actor's training system "Poetic Dynamics" was conducted; defined specificity and innovation, the philosophical concept, the theoretical and practical principles of D. Stein, as well as a comparative analysis with the methods of E. Decree and D. Walker. Conclusions. D. Stein's approach to actor's learning, based on the techniques of E. Decro and D. Walker, deviated from pantomime and is fully focused on the art of narrative and actor's skills. D. Stein, not adhering to all the postulates of E. Dekro's ideology, developed the concept of "poetic dynamics", adapting the system of the Decree to a theatrical actor, emphasizing the need for interaction between the physical and metaphysical world, relying on the triad "body of the gymnast" (physical), "reason actor "and" the heart of the poet "(metaphysical). Three rhythms of D. Stein (tempo, dynamic and architectural) provide forms in the design and creation of image and story. Unlike D. Walker, D. Stein uses the term dynamics as a synonym of energy, but with a similar conclusion - changes in the energy effect of perception and stage relations. Repetition and viewing, tension and spatial relationships are the main types of physical and mental interaction between characters on the stage.
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Purpose of the Article. The main attention in the article is focused on the peculiarities of improvisation methods that were used in the third part and in the Cadenzas of aria da capo in baroque Italy. The characteristic features of vocal improvisation space in opera atr of Italian baroque have been explored and defined. In particular, the specificity of baroque ornamental improvisation in the aria's third part has been defined; the differences between baroque and renaissance improvisation have been clarified; the essence of the theory of affects (feelings, emotions) as an aesthetic and philosophical context of vocal art's existence in the baroque era has been defined; the peculiarities of an existing connection between the theory of effects and the main principles of the rhetoric of that time have been clarified; we have also found out how the rhetoric of the baroque era affected the disposition of Cadenzas in the context of musical structure's dramaturgy; the historical circumstances in which the genre discussed (that is, aria da capo) was formed have been described. Мethodology. We have used in our study as research tools the following methods: a comparative method (for comparing of improvisation stylistics of the renaissance and of the baroque era; of the Venice and Neapolitan operatic schools); a historical and stylistic method (for featuring of the historical context of the emergence and performing of arias da capo and of their Cadenzas and for characterizing of the essencial features of the epoch analyzed); an analytical and descriptive method (for the analysis of particular elements of improvisation in arias da capo, of the key principles of the theory of effects and their connection to baroque improvisation). Scientific novelty. The topic of the article is connected to the largely unexplored nowadays realm of music artists that, however, needs careful analysis and a systematic approach. The up-to-date research results in the sphere of vocal improvisation of the baroque era are presented and analyzed in the article. Conclusions. Improvisation in the space of aria da capo is a multidimentional, controversial, and ambiguous sphere of baroque vocal art. It cannot confine itself only by the sphere of performance but also deserves music scholars' regard.
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To find out how Ukrainian scholars view co-authorship, a Google form was posted on Facebook in professional communities. The survey was filled out by 198 scholars representing 24 fields. Among the main reasons for co-authorship, respondents identified the following: possibility of intellectual development, establishment of professional contacts, opportunity to save time, material rewards as a result of such publication, pressure of a manager who wants to have a publication but does not actually participate in the research, access to expensive equipment and materials, ability to share costs with all co-authors, bad English language skills, increased likelihood of being published with co-author authority, and more. We managed to get numerous answers illustrating the difficulties of preparing scientific publications in co-authorship: delays by other authors, reluctance of collaborators to take into account the comments of reviewers, the low requirements of some collaborators to itself, when they allow themselves to be published in “predatory journals”, problems during interpersonal communication, the need to include in the list of authors the people who did not participate in the writing of the article, long-term text alignment by co-authors, plagiarism, language problems, conflicting views on the results. Ethical problems arising from the co-authorship are revealed: the order of authors, distribution of scientific contribution, authorship of the administrative director, authorship of works performed under scientific supervision, etc.The article also addresses the problem of gift and guest authorship and elucidates the attitude of Ukrainian scientists to the services of companies that “guarantee” the publication of articles in international peer-reviewed journals.
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The subject of this work is to examine the system and indicators of management quality on enterprise.The aim of this work is to define the concepts of quality management, the disclosure of the system of quality indicators and their classification and also characteristics of modern systems of quality management in enterprises.The methodology of work. The work is performed on the basis of the analysis systems and review of standards that affect the improvement of product quality.The results of the work. Describes the basic concepts of standardization and its relationship with quality management of products in the enterprise. The essence of the concept of quality management system, defines the system and the indicators as well as the concept of modern systems of quality management. Reasonably the category of product competitiveness, which is determined by the combination of quality and cost peculiarities of goods, which can satisfy the consumer's needs, and also expenses for the purchase and consumption of the relevant goods. However, the standardization of products affects not only the improvement of the quality of goods, but also for its implementation through the integrated development of standards,establishment of standards, technological requirements, quality indicators, and consistent methods of testingand controls. The Foundation of standardization is the creation of a system of normative-technical documentation, which determines the progressive requirements for products manufactured for the needs of national economy, population, defense, exports, and control over the correct use of this documentation. The scope of the results: the organization and carrying out scientific research in the field of production and sales, the formation of the main requirements to the quality of goods, consideration of state standards.Conclusions. Without improving quality management systems of goods of the enterprise will not be able to compete in the markets because their products will be uncompetitive, which may lead to bankruptcy.
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The introduction of the Ukrainian as a foreign language as an academic discipline in Ukrainian universities in the 1990s, the renewal of the goals and content of teaching and learning in Ukrainian as a foreign language, led to a new powerful turn in the development of the Ukrainian as a foreign language and the emergence of scientific research and teaching aids. The purpose of this research is to trace the main stages of the formation and development of the Ukrainian language as a foreign language as an academic discipline and to highlight the main scientific and educational methods related to the teaching of the Ukrainian language as a foreign language. The methods of research are determined by its purpose and objectives. Methods of diachronic, observation, description, and classification were used in the work. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that it represents and describes the history of the formation and development of the Ukrainian language as a foreign language in Ukraine and abroad. It is established that in the formation of the Ukrainian language as a foreign language as a discipline, three periods can be distinguished: the beginning of the 90's; the second half of the 90's - early 2000's; the last decade of the 2000s. Сonclusions. The global trend is to expand the educational horizons. Education goes beyond the boundaries of one country only. The educational space is globalized and more and more countries are involved in this process. Ukraine, as a European state with significant material, natural, and human, intellectual resources, attracts the attention of Europe. Ukrainian students get an opportunity to study abroad, while Ukrainian universities increase the number of foreign students. All of the above will, in aggregate, help bring Ukrainian education to the European level. However, any international cooperation should begin with the acquaintance with the culture, language and history of the country of the future partner. Knowing the history, culture and language of the people is easier to grasp and his achievements, to join in the joint work in the natural, humanitarian fields, etc. Knowledge of the Ukrainian language for a foreign student in this case is indispensable and plays the role of a bridge for the establishment of mutual understanding. Mutual understanding, from which grows trust between peoples and the prospect of future cooperation and prosperity.
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Современные исследования по статистике речи, при всем многообразии рассматриваемых в них вопросов и используемого материала, как нам кажется, развиваются по двум главным направлениям.
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The article presents the results of the statistical analysis of the thematic content of the Internet in the segment of real experimental data of information messages. The analysis proved the possibility of considering the frequency of appearance of thematic content as a monotone meander process with an additive random component. The results of the analysis provided the definition of the type of dependence of the frequency of thematic content occurrence from time, the law of the distribution and of the random component, and obtain its statistical characteristics. The obtained results should be used at the stage of forecasting the development of information threats. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the thematic content frequency on the Internet is nonlinear, is a random stationary process with a clearly pronounced rising or declining meander trend.
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This article analyzes the use of scientific theories in the exegesis of the Book of Genesis and in Christological dispute between Diophysites and Monophysites in the first half of the sixth century, focusing on the conditions under which traditional methods of rhetorical argumentation could be applied and on using scientific models for explaining the phenomena of the created nature in order to clarify the aporias from the Book of Genesis and Incarnation. The argument using παράδειγμα (example) and ἀναλογία (analogy), which belonged to the repertory of methods from the Neoplatonic scholarly tradition, made it possible to discuss such heterogeneous phenomena as created and non-created as well as divine and human in theological texts by providing the rules for correct descriptions and for verifying their theological and philosophical accuracy. These two methods are analyzed against the background of Neoplatonic commentaries of Aristotle, while their application to theology is viewed through polemical argument in John Philoponus and Leontius of Byzantium. The Monophysite Philoponus used the argument from ἀναλογία to defend the Christological formula of one composite nature of Christ, while the Chalcedonian Leontius of Byzantium employed the method of argumentation from παράδειγμα for defending the presence of two natures in Christ.
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Војна историографија код нас већ дуже времена не прати савремена достигнућа ове историјске дисциплине у свету. Последње значајне радове на ту тему дао је још Петар Томац педесетих, шездесетих и седамдесетих година ХХ века. Редакцијски одбор Војноисторијског гласника последњих година покушава да донекле попуни насталу празнину објављивањем радова посвећених методологији војне историје као научне дисциплине. Тако су у двобројима за 2004. и 2006. годину објављени текстови немачког војног историчара др Бернарда Киарија и бугарског посленика ове научне дисциплине, др Игњата Криворова. Овога пута доносимо избор из текста др Стига Ферстера (Stig Förster) ,,Vom Kriege“ Überlegungen zu modernen Militärgesihte који прати савремене светске трендове у овој научној дисциплини. Др Стиг Ферстер (1951) је професор Опште савремене историје на Универзитету у Берну (Швајцарска). Објавио је неколико радова из области војне историје од којих издвајамо: ,,Barbaren” und ,,Weise Teufel”. Kulturkonflikte und Imperialismus in Asien vom 18. bis zum 20. Jahrhundert (1997) у коауторству са Евом-Маријом Аух (Eva-Maria Auch); Genozid in der modern Geshihte. Jarbuch für historishe Friedensforschung 7 (1999) у коауторству са Герхардом Хиршфелдом (Gerhard Hirschfeld); Great War – Total War. Combat and Mobilization on the Western Front, 1914 –1918, (2000) у коауторству са Роџером Чикерингом (Roger Chickering). [...]
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In this paper we consider the eschatological expectations and futuristic projections that define a strategy for the future of education. From the standpoint of dialectical and metaphysical methodology options considered futurological forecasts and practical solution of contemporary global problems. An important function of education for sustainable development is the modeling of the future on the basis of the system of the scientific model of the world. The basis of education are encouraged to put a harmonious combination of Eastern and Western educational traditions for the formation of the noosphere as a structural model, the probability of the future. We consider the concrete goals and objectives of education for sustainable development.
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The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical approaches to strategic analysis of the activities of commercial banks based on a balanced scorecard and gap analysis. The adaptation of this method to the peculiarities of the available operational, accounting and statistical information has been made. The empirical base of the study is the data of the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus, data of statistical and accounting reports of a commercial bank. Also, when compiling the balanced scorecard, the strategic plan for the development of the organization of the banking sector of the Republic of Belarus is initially used for the corporate business line. The strategic analysis procedure involves assessing the four main business processes of the organization (finance, customers, internal business processes, personnel and development), based on comparing the target value of each of the indicators with the current value, and setting an assessment. An important element of building a balanced scorecard and, at the same time, the first stage of gap analysis (GAP analysis) is to identify gaps between the assessment of the prospects' tasks and their target value (100%), as well as formulate proposals for their elimination. As a result of the strategic analysis of a commercial bank, the prospects for the development of the organization were considered, problem areas in business processes were identified, negative gaps between the target and actual indicators were classified by their types. As a result of the analysis of the balanced scorecard and the analysis of gaps, the necessary measures were identified to achieve the strategic goals of a commercial bank for the next year, and conclusions were drawn about the need to increase interaction with the client in the digital environment through modern information and communication technologies: chat bots, digital products, online design, online presentations, etc.
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Purpose: to develop the complex of strategic and current objectives of the enterprises international business activitieswithin the strategic planning process on the basis of Balanced Scorecard;Methodology: system and structural approach, method of logical analysis, method of analogy, method of structuring,method of topological and meaningful description, method of strategy maps;Results: in modern conditions of doing international business strategically oriented directions of enterprises activitiesfocused on consumers’ needs are the main factors of success. That forms the structure and the essence of internationalactivities strategic objectives. According to Balanced Scorecard concept, among them we distinguish the objectives ofproduct and market system and objectives of resources system. The aggregate of indicators covers the strategic aspects ofthe enterprises international activities and reflects the tendencies of its development. The interrelations between strategicobjectives of international activities make an influence on the composition of indicators’ system and induce the relationshipsof cause and effect within the indicators. By means of indicators the strategic intentions of the enterprise in internationalactivities are specified in current operational objectives, that improves the quality of strategic planning;Practical implications: the investigation results can be applied in further research of the problems of strategicmanagement in the sphere of enterprises international activities; in educational process including preparation of the relevantsections of textbooks and manuals for such courses as “Basics of International Activities» and “Strategic Management».
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