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Comparison of the psychological capital of founders and their employed top management

Author(s): Victoria Berg,Marcus Heidbrink / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

This study examines the difference of Psychological Capital (PsyCap) of founders in comparison to their employed top managers in young companies. We use the PCQ (Psychological Capital Questionnaire) developed and tested by Luthans and colleagues to do so. Results were concluded on the basis of 36 responses from founders from Germany and Chile from 27 different young companies and the same number of answers from their respective employed top managers. A t-test for independent samples shows a significantly higher level in three of the four states of PsyCap among founders: self-efficacy, resilience and optimism. Hope is the only state in which founders don’t exhibit a significantly higher level than their employed top managers. Overall, PsyCap of founders is higher than their employees’. The study is concluded with implications and limitations.

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The application of adlerian psychotherapy for an adult with high functioning autism and depression

Author(s): Hom Yi Lee / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

High functioning autism (HFA) in adults is often accompanied by depression disorder. However, relatively few reports have focused on the treatment of such cases. This report introduced the intervention of Adlerian therapy for an adult with HFA and depression, in order to provide some suggestions for other therapists. The client was a 51-year-old female servant who searched for counseling through the Center of Work Strengthening due to the appearance of psychosomatic complaints when dealing with her occupational accident. The counseling entailed 10 interventions, one day a week for more than two months, with 60-90minutes per intervention. The client not only exhibited symptoms of depression and anxiety, but also HFA. The therapist applied four stages, as suggested by Adlerian therapy, to the client with HFA: 1. Relationship-building: respecting HFA clients’ subjective experience and listening carefully with empathy. 2. Assessment: asking questions about their history and the current functioning of their interpersonal relationships. 3. Interpretation and insights: discussing with the client and euphemistically pointing out the underlying motives for behaving the way she does in the ‘here and now’, to help her understand the limitations of the lifestyle she has chosen. 4. Reorientation and reeducation: to encourage clients to take the risk in engaging in new activities to adapt to the changes, and to adjust their rigid fictional final goals, and social interests. Finally, the client went back to work without serious depression and was able to express her negative emotions to her supervisor, as well as adjust her daily routine. Adults with HFA have low social interests and rigid beliefs which easily make them feel depressed when they suffer stress; their condition can be improved through Adlerian therapy.

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Treating depression in the Caregivers of Cancer Patients

Author(s): Joyce M. Louis,Lisa Adams,Tony L. Brown / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2017

Partners often assume the role of caregiver when cancer is brought into the home. The support caregivers provide to cancer patients has immeasurable value. However, care giving can take a significant toll on loved ones from both a psychological and physiological perspective; sometimes to the point of producing caregiver burden. One of the diseases most prevalent in caregivers is depression. Signs and symptoms of depression amongst caregivers vary from mild to severe and people respond quite differently to the life stressors they face. While, the exact cause of depression is not known, proven research correlates it with an internal chemical and/or neurotransmitter imbalance that can be triggered by stress, chronic stress in particular. As a mood disorder, depression affects how you feel, think, and function in the performance of your daily activities. It is critically important to identify caregivers exhibiting depressive symptoms and first, to provide them with both emotional and psychological support, and second, so as to ensure the individual battling cancer receives optimal support from their loved ones. This review article serves to promote health awareness and the unmet needs of cancer patient caregivers, the presence of caregiver burden, and the impact that stress can have on one’s neurophysiological processes to precipitate the development of mental illness such as depression.

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From prosecuting doctors to twin epidemics of suicides and heroin overdose deaths

Author(s): Alen J Salerian / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2016

Alen J Salerian, Silviu Ziscovici and John Mirczak are not household names in America, yet our stories may offer insights into our twin epidemics in America: Deaths by suicide and heroin overdose. CDC reported 44.000 deaths by suicide and 10.574 by heroin overdose in 2014. Deaths from both have been on a steady rise since 2000. Our medical careers ended in 2010 and 2011 upon allegations of “drug trafficking by over prescribing opiates”

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Case of anxiety

Author(s): Zafar Iqbal / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

The client visited my clinic with her husband. The husband told me about the abnormal behavior. He informed me that the patient breaks her prayers in the middle and runs for ablution (the washing of hands and some other body parts before performing religious rituals or prayers) she keeps repeating this act many times and she spent more than two hours for a single prayer. He further told about her aggressively behavior with him, mother and other family members, he also compliant her self-talking. He also informed about the stammering not with friends but with family members, especially while talking to her mother or husband.

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Abused sexuality- experience of sexuality post experiences of sexual abuse

Author(s): Sunanda Jalote / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Sexual abuse has been happening from times immemorial and is that brutal aspect of society which also talk about spirituality, peace and harmony in the same breath. Youth gets irrevocably scarred by such childhood traumas which linger on in their adult life too. In the present study, an effort was made to study and understand how heterosexual and queer youth in contemporary middle class in Delhi explore the relationship sexual abuse survivors have with their own sexuality and how their negotiate their sexual selves. The secondary aim of the study was to investigate the function and effects of guilt, shame, desire, fantasies and gender roles in their lives and how, if at all, they connect to the experiences of sexual assault suffered by individuals within this socio-cultural group. The approach that frames this study is a discourse analytic approach and this is seen as central to the methodology of this study and the language used to talk about the findings and implications of this research.

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Involuntary first admissions to a tertiary psychiatric hospital in cape town: a five year review of family referrals to psychology

Author(s): HB Thornton,D Thornton,S Baumann / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Background: Valkenberg Hospital is one of three tertiary psychiatric hospitals in Cape Town – and has a catchment area population of over one million. It is an acute admissions hospital for adults (18-59years). Objectives: This article aimed to determine the psychosocial history of male patients involuntarily admitted to a high care psychiatric unit for the first time, and the needs and concerns of their families, to allow for the development of more appropriate services. Method: The psychology family clerking interviews (June 2007 – June 2012) of the Male High Care Unit (MHCU) of Valkenberg Psychiatric Hospital’s first admission families (FAF) were reviewed. All of the patients in the chart review were severely psychotic and had not been able to be managed at a secondary hospital level, which had necessitated their referral to Valkenberg. Each clerking interview with the family lasted 1.5 to 2 hours, and was conducted by the Intern Clinical Psychologist placed at Male Admissions. All 225 available folders were reviewed and coded. Results: The majority of the patients were young (mode = 21), still living at home (80%), single (90%) and unemployed (65%).More than 80% of the men were given a working diagnosis of either Substance Induced Psychotic Disorder (SIPD: 46%), Schizophrenia (27%) or Bipolar (11%). There was a strong family history of severe mental illness (SMI: 49 %), psychiatric admissions (30%), depression (26%), suicide (18%), substance use (SUD in parent/s: 45%, siblings: 36%) and domestic violence (30%). Most families suspected that the patient had used drugs and police had had to be involved in at least 40% of the admissions. Despite nearly half of the patients expressing regret at their substance use, more than half the families reported that the patient had become aggressive and that at some stage they had feared them. The families most identified the patients’ admission as their greatest stressor. The second most identified greatest stressor was finances, with 40% of the families being in debt and more than a third of the families being either unable to or financially struggling to visit the patient while he was admitted. Conclusion: For many patients and their families, the times before and during the admission had been long and traumatic. Family intervention was necessary to provide more effective help-seeking methods, and to provide services that simultaneously looked at co-morbid substance use, depression and anxiety, suicidal thinking, social isolation and domestic violence, often in the background of poverty. It was highly recommended that the development of services aimed at treating dual diagnosis (severe mental illness or the risk thereof, and substance use disorder) be developed and prioritised.

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Efficacy of group CBT Vs group information and support in relapse and recurrence of depression in adults

Author(s): Aleksandra Kelly,Tony Cassidy / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2016

This study aimed to analyse the rates and length of time to relapse and/or recurrence of depression in individuals who attended either Group CBT or Group Information and Support in an adult secondary mental health setting in Ireland. The present study centred on the analysis of previously collected data from groups running between 2005 and 2010 and on the retrospective file review. It formed part of a larger scale research study conducted by the Principal Clinical Psychologist evaluating the effectiveness of CBT for depression and bipolar disorder. The study was quantitative in nature and incorporated qualitative elements (i.e. Clients’ and Practitioners’ description of the severity of the depressive episodes) which were converted into quantifiable categories. Participants comprised of two groups: Treatment I (Group CBT) including participants who attended 8 or 12 sessions of manualised Group CBT and a comparison sample: Treatment II (Group Information and Support) comprised of participants who attended 12 sessions of group information and support. Based on survival analysis, no significant difference was found in effectiveness for Group CBT and Group Information and Support in preventing and/or decreasing the number and the length of time to relapse and/or recurrence of depression in this client group. Findings, clinical implications, methodological limitations and future research directions were also discussed.

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Design and Construction of a Low-Cost Hemoglobin Electrophoresis (Genotype) Machine for the Diagnosis of Inherited Genotype Disorder

Author(s): Oluwasegun Temitope Adefemi,Vincent Andrew Akpan,Jessica Temilola Ovabor,Olabisi Glory Adekoya,Buniechukwuenu Emmanuel Mbamalu / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2024

Designing and constructing a low-cost haemoglobin electrophoresis (genotype) machine using cellulose acetate paper is an exciting project that underscores using locally sourced materials and resources to achieve its aims. The technique of haemoglobin electrophoresis is adequately harnessed to detect and evaluate various types of haemoglobin disorder, which include sickle anaemia and many other abnormal genotypes. The cost of acquisition and maintenance of the equipment is made available at a comparatively reduced rate by using materials and components that are remotely accessed to construct the haemoglobin electrophoresis machine, which is efficient and cost-effective. The design and construction team incorporated a power supply unit, buffer solution (tris), cellulose acetate paper, filter paper, electrodes (anode and cathode), switch, cable, capacitor, fuse, and other necessary components. The successfully constructed genotype machine was validated for effective and efficient diagnostic purposes for detecting different types of haemoglobin genotypes by testing it using several specimens of known haemoglobin genotypes of different types. The researchers compared the results from this testing process with those obtained from a standardised haemoglobin genotype machine. The test result obtained from this verification and validation process showcases that the low-cost haemoglobin electrophoresis ma-chine using cellulose acetate paper can effectively separate, distinguish and identify different haemoglobin variants such as HBAA, HBAS, HBAC, HBCC, HBSS, HBSC, HBF, HBAC, HBAF with few limitations. The drawbacks include the inability to distinguish other haemoglobin genotype variants that co-migrate with HBAA, HBAS, HBAC, HBCC, HBSS, HBSC, HBF, HBAC, and HBAF when exposed to the electric field in the electrophoretic chamber. Examples of such haemoglobin genotypes include HB E, HB D, HB O, and HB G, with many other haemoglobin variants having exact migration patterns on the cellulose acetate paper when subjected to the electric field. However, this limitation can be overlooked as these haemoglobin variants are not peculiar to people in this part of the world (Nigeria) where the project has been carried out. Hence, the design and construction of this haemoglobin electrophoresis machine will give people from lowresource areas easy access to carry out the test and enhance prompt detection and management of hemoglobinopathies.

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La résilience. Entre structure constitutive et réaction comportementale. Une approche psychanalytique

Author(s): Virgil Ciomoş / Language(s): French Issue: 1&2/2024

The paper makes a brief review of the main changes that have occurred in the Freudian approach of trauma. It then proposes to differentiate between: (1) primary resilience, specific to the various psychic reactions to more or less accidental traumas, (2) secondary resilience, specific to the symptoms that define the various psychic structures of any human subject, of which trauma turns out to be constitutive, and (3) a third resilience, which intervenes as a replacement for the lack of symptoms, specific especially to psychoses. The paper concludes with the author’s remarks, bringing some clarifications concerning the clinical consequences of such a taxonomy.

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Remarques cursives sur le séminaire « La topologie et le temps » de Jacques Lacan

Author(s): Alain Harly / Language(s): French Issue: 1&2/2024

With this last seminar, one could say that the tempo was quite different, and for many, it was the obvious sign of the illness that would take him. I would also highlight a change in style. Indeed, one might think that he was addressing only a select few, privileged listeners who were particularly knowledgeable in the field of topology. Only the lesson on January 9 briefly recaptures the style of the past. It even seems for a moment that he strays from knot theory! But is that really the case? Upon carefully reviewing the transcription of this seminar, I am rather surprised to find that his speech, despite the breaks, the silences, and the confusion, is actually quite coherent.

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STUDY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COGNITIVE ASPECT OF THEORY OF MIND AND UNDERSTANDING IN ORAL LANGUAGE IN ALZHEIMER'S PATIENTS DURING THE MIDDLE STAGE OF THE DISEASE

Author(s): Saadia Mohammed Bouchnak,Amin Djenan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The ability to infer internal mental states through the behavior is related to the understanding of implicit language statements in interactive situations where the speaker’s intention is public. This study looked at that relationship by answering whether this association persists during aging and after Alzheimer’s. Apply some of the terms of the Theory of mind (Toma) battery and the Oral Language (OLTA) battery designed for the adult. A group of 5 individuals with Alzheimer's disease during the middle stage. The results found that the impact relationship is not limited to the group of individuals below the age of maturity, but continues into old age. it would explain the nature of language and cognitive disorders in understanding metaphors such as folk proverbs and the attribution of mental states either through behavior or through language in intermediate Alzheimer’s patients.

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PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALE OF PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT AMONG PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Author(s): Senad Mehmedinović,Mirza Sitarević,Edin Sarajlić,Sanela Krdžić Osmić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The aim of the research was to determine the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support in individuals with disabilities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research included a total sample of 232 participants, with an average chronological age of 44.21±19.31 years, of which 121 (52.2%) were male and 111 (47.8%) were female. The study was conducted among individuals with motor impairments, visual and hearing impairments, speech and language disorders, and combined disabilities. To achieve the research objective, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support was applied, consisting of 12 assessment variables scaled from 1 to 7. The research data were processed using parametric and non-parametric statistical methods. A multivariate method of exploratory factor analysis was applied to identify factors in a given domain when the number and structure of factors are not previously known, along with confirmatory factor analysis using the maximum likelihood algorithm. Following factorization, the internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) was calculated, and the reliability of the variables was assessed through inter-item statistics. Based on the obtained research results, it can be concluded that the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support has satisfactory reliability and internal consistency for use among individuals with disabilities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results of both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis indicate a suitable threedimensional model and confirm the original structure of the scale, which can be applied to individuals with disabilities in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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FENOMENOLOGIJA PSIHOPATIJE: RASPRAVA O KVALITATIVNIM RAZLIKAMA IZMEĐU PSIHOPATSKIH I NEPSIHOPATSKIH LIČNOSTI

Author(s): Dragana Mihailović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2024

The approach to psychopathy in this paper is from the phenomenological perspective – the character of the subjective experience of the primary type of psychopathy is explored. Bearing in mind the dimensionality of psychopathy, this approach corresponds to the prototypical or typical cases presented in the prominent studies on this phenomenon and is relevant to the basic intention of our research – questioning the thesis that there are no qualitative differences between psychopaths and non-psychopaths. Based on the basic patterns of experience, interpersonal aspects and personality functioning, the arguments presented in this paper support the claim that there are qualitative differences between psychopaths and other people. From this phenomenological-existential perspective, psychopathy is seen as a modified way of being-in-the-world among people, not with them, i.e. the existence of diminished existential possibilities due to inhibited key human capacities, which differ from those universally human in the fundamental aspects of human existence.

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„To što ona ne visi s lustera i ne trči po razredu, ne znači da nema ADHD“: Iskustvo svakodnevice majki djevojčica s ADHD-om

Author(s): Dorotea Čevizović,Andreja Bartolac / Language(s): English,Croatian Issue: 1/2024

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by difficulties in cognitive, emotional, and behavioural self-regulation. Boys are more frequently diagnosed with ADHD than girls. Due to the lack of research on the specific symptomatology that occurs in girls with ADHD and their everyday experiences, a semi-structured interview was conducted with six mothers of girls with ADHD. The thematic analysis of the transcript generated five main themes: 1. “Invisible” girls with ADHD, symptomatology, and late diagnosis: “The fact that she does not hang from the chandelier and does not run around the class does not mean that she does not have ADHD”; 2. Organisation of everyday family life: “One day is too short for us, time flies too quickly”; 3. Experience of schooling a girl with ADHD: “The whole family dynamic revolves around school”; 4. Attitudes of society, professionals, and systems: “Unfortunately, there is no support for girls with ADHD”; 5. Personal experiences of motherhood: “I sense how much I wore myself out in certain situations of that life path of ours”. The results of our analysis indicate that girls are diagnosed with ADHD much later, even though characteristics symptoms are present and significantly affect their everyday life. Similar to boys with ADHD, the symptoms observed in girls are most pronounced in school-related activities and daily occupations that involve executive functions. There is a lack of systematic and socialsupport for girls with ADHD and their mothers. The mothers who participated in the interviews emphasised the need for more sensitivity and understanding among professionals and the society regarding the fact that ADHD does not occur only in boys and that it is not defined only by hyperactivity.

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Ulrich Dreisilker, Enthesiopathies II: Radial Shockwave Treatment of Tendinopathies (Level 10)

Author(s): Tjaša Berčič / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Review of: Enthesiopathies II: Radial Shockwave Treatment of Tendinopathies (Level 10) Author/Editor: Ulrich Dreisilker Published in Germany, 2015, 1st Edition (Vol. 2), 188 p.

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VIRTUAL REALITY APPLICATION AS PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC TOOL TO TREAT ADDICTIONS

Author(s): Georgiana-Raluca Manea,Matei Șchiopu,Iulia-Cristina Stănică,Maria-Iuliana Dascălu / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2022

The current paper presents a survey on virtual reality applications and analyses their utility as tools for learning how to overcome addictions, thus improving one's quality of life. Even though there are various treatments through therapy or medication, there are not enough methods to cover all the addictions in the world. There are addictions such as alcohol, drugs or tobacco that are given more attention due to the increasing number of people who develop them, but special attention must be paid to others such as sugar, coffee, gambling, work, etc. In most cases, specialists believe that detoxification or group/individual therapy are more than enough, but the risk of their addictions returning is still present. To improve patients' quality of life and prevent the aforementioned risk, we need new and innovative psychotherapeutic methods. Virtual reality is a subject with a continuous growth trend, through which real-life environments can be created. We will make an analysis of the current methods of treatment, but also of the already existing applications in VR dealing with the study and treatment of addictions, in order to see the concept behind their mechanism and the possibility of their usage in a medical environment. Following the analysis, we will design a virtual reality application model that contains certain dependencies that it should address, including the principles on which they are based.

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Neuroanatomski korelati disproporcionalnih oštećenja leksičko–semantičkih kategorija kod epilepsije medijalnog temporalnog režnja

Author(s): Martina Sekulić Sović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 98/2024

Psycholinguistic research on temporal lobe epilepsy has identified deficits in lexical access to stored word knowledge, often showing difficulties with impaired naming, impaired verbal fluency, and slower processing time in semantic category decision tasks. Th is study presents the neuroanatomical correlates of dissociative lexical–semantic impairments in medial temporal lobe epilepsy in both dominant and non– dominant hemispheres. Clinical subjects demonstrated the same accuracy in lexical–semantic processing tasks as healthy participants, but significantly slower lexical–semantic processing compared to the control group. Further analysis showed that a lesion in the medial temporal lobe of the dominant hemisphere caused category–specific deficits, while a lesion in the non–dominant temporal lobe did not cause impairments. Th e results suggest that epilepsy of the medial temporal lobe can cause impaired lexical–semantic access, leading to disproportionate damage to certain lexical–semantic categories. Th e confirmed assumptions of this research are consistent with neuroanatomical models that show that hemispheric differences in the epileptic focus can affect the processing of certain lexical–semantic categories, disrupt certain lexical– semantic categories, and influence the reorganization of the language system.

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SPECIAL FAMILY NEEDS IN COPING WITH INFANTILE CEREBRAL PALSY

Author(s): Ovidiu Teofil Roman / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2022

Cerebral palsy is the fourth most frequent affection in child neurological practice. The disease is associated with distress and coping efforts. When we talk about it as a chronic disease, rehabilitation is long and requires long-term family resources. The needs of families who have a child with disabilities can be centred on three major areas: medical, educational, psychosocial. Families who have a child, or a child with disabilities in particular, face special needs that require additional resources and efforts to be met.

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THE SPECIFIES OF THE MENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

Author(s): Renata Pop / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2022

Intellectual disability is a global insufficiency aimed at the entire personality, structure, organization, intellectual, affective, psychomotor, behavioral-adaptive development, of a hereditary nature or acquired as a result of an organic or functional damage to the central nervous system, which manifests itself from the first years of life, in different degrees of severity in relation to the average level of the population, with direct consequences in terms of socio-professional adaptation, the degree of competence and personal and social autonomy. The plasticity and dynamism of the nervous system give the disabled child enough opportunities for development, but at a slower pace, of course. It has been proven that the functional deficit of some damaged areas of the brain can be compensated by taking over the respective functions by other nerve centers.

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