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Statistics published in many different countries seem to point to the fact that women are much more likely than men ask for psychiatric/psychotherapeutic care. Although there is not a clearcut case for saying that more women suffer from psychiatric/ mental illnesses, it seems to be unquestionable that women dominate in particular disease categories: depression, eating disorders, anxiety and phobias . syndromes which were formerly covered by the label .hysteria. (Ussher, 1991).
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There are a variety of explanations regarding coping with violence against women which has negative effects on victims as well as perpetrators and related environment. These explanations have evolved from descriptions of women as passive victims in response to violence to descriptions of women as active individuals attempting to survive. The Intimate Partner Violence Strategies Index (IPVSI) is an index that follows these contemporary descriptions. The Turkish Adaptation of the IPVSI was carried out in this study. The IPVSI, The Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS), the Ways of Coping Inventory (WOC) and the Two Dimensional Social Desirability Scale (SDS) were used in the study that analyzed data from 96 participants. Findings revealed that ordering of IPVSI dimensions as for frequency of use was placating, resistance, informal networks, legal, formal networks, and safety planning whereas as for helpfulness ratings were formal networks, legal, informal networks, safety planning, placating, and resistance. The IPVSI dimensions were related to the CTS subscales but not to any subscales of the WOC and most of the subscales of the SDS. Findings regarding the frequency of use and the CTS dimensions were parallel with the literature. It was observed that the Turkish women find public realm strategies more helpful compared to private realm strategies. Inquiry of the relationship of the IPVSI dimensions with other coping scales in future studies will present valuable information. We hope the index adds support to academic and field studies and interventions.
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The processes of planning interventions for children and young people with behavioural disorders, who are at risk, begin with the identification of the risk factors and/or the needs of a certain local community. Therefore the specific aims of this paper are to determine the risks/needs of children and young people with behavioural disorders, or who are at risk in the area of the city of Pula, the level of risks/needs, and the differences in the levels of risks/needs among examinees, depending on the specific areas of risks/needs. The purpose is to plan interventions for the population mentioned. This paper is part of a larger research project entitled "Models of intervention with the purpose of preventing behavioural disorders of children, young people and adults in the Republic of Croatia" realised by the Department for Behavioural Disorders of the Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation of the University in Zagreb in the period between 1996-1999. The sample of examinees (N:100) are children, young people and young aduhs treated by the Pula Centre for Social Care between 0 I .0 I . I 998. until 30.06. I 999. The Youth Level of Senice/Case Management Inventory form by Hoge, R.D. and Andrews, D.A. (1994) was used during the research and the information received was processed on the level of relative frequencies. The results for the observed sample of the examinees show that the biggest number of risk factors is found in the area of personality-behaviour and some single variables are found related to the family, free-time activities and relations with peers. Looking at the level of risk, areas of prior and current offences/dispositions status, education-employment and freelime activities (leisure/recreation) stand out as having the highest number of examinees highly at risk, while the most frequently evaluated is of medium risk level. In line with the obtained results this paper proposes levels of professional interventions for the local community of the city of Pula.
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The burnout syndrome developed by Maslach and Jackson was first identified by Freudenberger, who was working on organizational stress and manifests itself as motional exhaustion towards work, depersonalization towards the people served and decrease in the sense of success. There are many different definitions of burnout that can cause serious chronic illnesses. Unlike Freudenberger, who considers burnout in terms of clinical psychology, Maslach et al. take the concept in terms of socio-psychology. The study consisted of 84 teachers working in high schools in Çorum in the fall semester of 2019-2020 academic year, who participated in the research voluntarily and filled out the forms completely. In the study, personal information form developed by the researcher and Maslach Burnout Scale were used to measure the burnout levels of the participants in order to learn the sociodemographic knowledge of them and general opinions about their professions.
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The enduring impact of perceived parental behavior on self-esteem as well as anxiety and depression in adults is still unknown. In a large random route sample (age range 18–92), 4,747 subjects were asked to complete questionnaires about recalled parental rearing, selfesteem, anxiety, and depression. Structural equation modeling was used, and the data from the mother and the father version of the FEE (a questionnaire for recalled parental rearing) were analyzed separately. A model proposing that self-esteem mediates the relationship between parental behavior and psychopathological symptoms fits the data rather well (CFI = .95, RMSEA = .05, TLI = .94). Hence, the recalled authoritative parental style is positively associated with self-esteem which, in turn, predicted the degree of anxiety and depression. This model holds to the same extent for men and women of all ages (18–92), thus reflecting the important role parental styles play in the occurrence of psychopathological symptoms throughout life.
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The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of a self-report scale for assessing Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) symptoms according to the DSM–5 and ICD–11 among 3270 college/univers ity students (2095 [64.1%] females; age mean 21.6 [3.1] years) from different countries worldwide. Croatian, English, Polish, Portuguese, Serbian, Turkish, and Vietnamese versions of the scale were tested. The study showed that symptoms of IGD could be measured as a single underlying factor among college/university students. A nine itemsymptom scale following DSM–5, and a short four-item scale representing the main ICD–11 symptoms, had sound internal consistency and construct validity. Three symptom-items were found non-invariant across the language samples (i.e., preoccupation with on-line gaming, loss of interests in previous hobbies and entertainment, and the use of gaming to relieve negative moods). This study provides initial evidence for assessing IGD symptoms among college/university students and will hopefully foster further research into gaming addiction in this population worldwide especially with taking into account language/cultural differences.
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Prevalence of sleep problems has grown globally in recent years and sleep hygiene recommendations have shown inconsistent results. This study aims to analyze the quality of sleep in a non-clinical population and its association with maladaptive sleep hygiene. A total of 465 participants, with median age of 35 years (Interquartile range – IQR =28–44), completed the Sleep Hygiene Practices Scale (SHPS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Sample was divided into good quality sleepers (GQS; 52.7%, n = 245) and poor quality sleepers (PQS; 47.3%, n = 220). Comparison tests showed PQS had significant higher scores on SHPS (M = 61; IQR = 55–68, p < .01) compared with GQS (M = 68; IQR = 62–74). A logistic regression model indicated that only cognitive-arousal behaviors and inconsistent bedtimes were significant to classify poor sleep (R2 = .35; p < .01). In conclusion, poor sleep quality is common among healthy individuals and strongly associated with pre-sleep cognitive activity. This suggests that interventions aiming to improve sleep quality should consider strategies that would retract attention from concerns and worries at bedtime.
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The World Health Association has recently made Gaming Disorder a new official behavioral addiction diagnosis, against critique of growing pathologization of everyday behaviors and discontent in gamer communities. The controversial consensus on the psychiatrists’ side raises a question about how the new diagnosis is influenced by scientists’ normative attitudes and habitual institutional methods. The aim of this article is to present the scientific discourse behind the new disorder and interpret its meaning in a broader sociopolitical context, drawing on critical psychiatry, theories of neoliberal subjectivity, and alternative notions of addiction. For this purpose, I conducted a study of 247 article abstracts on the Internet Gaming Disorder proposed in the DSM-5, employing critical thematic discourse analysis (Parker 2011) and forming code trees from the bottom up. I found most abstracts to support the validity of IGD and express confirmatory scientific attitudes. Based on the study, I claim that the main issues of the discourse are (1) strong reliance on confirmatory brain and quantitative research without theoretical grounding, for example, lack of differentiation between cause/effect and alteration/disorder binaries, (2) prescription of neoliberal norms of subjectivity, and (3) lack of attention to the social context of the disorder. This shows that scientists’ attitudes and habits are highly important for legitimizing the disorder, despite its model’s crucial theoretical weaknesses, and that more socially-aware interdisciplinary research is needed to understand the complexity of problematic gaming and come up with better ways of dealing with it than pathologization.
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Safety measures are both a way of isolating the person who committed a criminal offence from society, with the purpose of protecting citizens, and at the same time a form of protection for the perpetrator, against whom the most appropriate measures are taken - from from the point of view of the the criminal justice system - in consideration of their particular situation. Among the categories of perpetrators to whom safety measures are addressed, those with mental retardation represent a specific category in that, unlike other psychically ill offenders, their degree of perceiving the consequences of their actions and their own guilt is extremely low, and sometimes it is even impossible for them to understand the significance of their own deeds. The present article aims to highlight the specific elements of safety measures imposed on mentally retarded criminal offenders from a theoretical perspective, analyzing the concepts of deviance and delinquency by correspondence with irresponsibility.
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This paper aims to analyze neuropsychiatric pathological experiences (as thought insertion and delusions of control) in which features intrinsic to subjectivity are deeply affected to the extent that the first-person perspective is lost, an essential core of the subjective condition. The distinction between the sense of agency and the sense of ownership is addressed, in particular in the context of unbidden thoughts and thought insertion. A gradualist reading of the distinction is suggested, and the problem of phenomenological adequacy of the sense of agency for thoughts is raised. Descriptive arguments are provided to show what a minimal self consists of and how it is possible that it does not get lost in extreme neuro- and psycho-pathologies, including a puzzling phenomenon such as terminal lucidity, the case in which an unexpected return of mental clarity and memory take place shortly before death in patients suffering from severe psychiatric and neurologic disorders. Based on these phenomena it is suggested that subjectivity may be underlain by some ‘mechanisms’ different from those usually assigned by neuroscientific models of normal brains. Finally, the challenges that emerge both for neurology and for phenomenological analysis are set out, opening new paths for the research and comprehension of subjectivity.
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This article presents a comprehensive analysis of a possible delivery of social /environmental and optimal support for children with disabilities, especially the school going ones, inorder to encourage a social inclusion-centered approach when it comes to their mental health andphysical health.The prevalence of children with disabilities is not something special for the Republic ofMoldova. This is a global problem. As an example, in the UK, about 800,000 children and youngpeople, representing 6% of all young people (Labor and Pensions, 2017 UK), have a disability.According to the US Census of 2017, 2.8 million (5.2%) of school-aged people (aged 5 to 17) reportedhaving a certain type of disability. People with disabilities are part of the human condition
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The subject of this article is one of the most-recent additions to the field of practice and research conducted on the borderline between social sciences—psychology, pedagogy—and medicine—sensory integration. The purpose of this article is to describe the basic elements defining sensory integration: history, definitions, and theoretical and methodological assumptions. The nature of this article is therefore introductory, referential, and metatheoretical. The need for research in this field is justified by the unclear cognitive status of sensory integration, combined with the great popularity of this sphere of therapeutic practice and knowledge.
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This study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) and its subgroups in HIV-positive patients in Tehran, Iran. Ninety-three HIV-positive individuals were assessed; the majority were male (60%) and the mean age of patients was 36.5 years (SD = 9), with 8 years as the median duration of HIV infection. The relationship between demographic and clinical variables was examined using logistic regression analysis. The overall prevalences of HAND and cognitive complaints were 50.5% and 73%, respectively. Lower nadir CD4 counts ( 200), lower educational levels ( 12 years), longer disease duration (≥ 5years), and higher depression rates were positively associated with the presence of HAND. This study shows that the prevalence of HANDs in Iran is high, but similar to the prevalence levels found in Western societies. Further studies are needed to longitudinally evaluate the presence of HAND, in particularly to recognize new biomarkers and specific neurocognitive domains in HIV.
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Previous research suggested that psychopathy is related to diminished physical and mentalhealth. However, this link could be specific to psychopathic lifestyle and antisocial behavior,while manipulative characteristics and emotional superficiality could be unrelated or even positively related to physical and mental health. Furthermore, psychopathic features could mediate the link between detrimental family characteristics and health problems. We tested these hypotheses in a sample of male convicts (N = 224). Psychopathy was explored via a rating method (PCL–R). Dysfunctional family characteristics were extracted from participants’prison files. Finally, self-reported biographical data was used to estimate problems in physical and mental health. Behavioral psychopathy tendencies and especially impulsive and erratic behavior turned out to be positively related both to physical and mental health problems. On the other hand, Interpersonal and Affective psychopathy features were mostly unrelated or negatively related to health problems. Finally, Antisocial and especially Lifestyle characteristics turned out to be significant mediators of the link between dysfunctional family characteristics and health problems. Research results showed that narrow psychopathy facets are differentially related to health status. Psychopathic lifestyle and criminal behavior are positively related with problems in physical and mental health, while manipulative characteristics and affective shallowness are associated with better health. The results are in accordance with the concept of successful psychopathy and evolutionary accounts on psychopathy.
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The aim of this study was to examine the theoretical model of psychological flexibilityproposed by creators of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. To do this, we investigated thestructural and convergent validity of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – II, translatedinto the Serbian language. The study was performed on 1781 Serbian speaking adults. Bymethods of robust confirmatory factor analysis, two models have been tested. The best fit wasachieved with the data-driven model constructed by adding three pairs of correlated residualsto the original hypothesized model of latent structure. This model demonstrated it`s structuralinvariance across samples divided by gender and by previous experience with servicesprovided by mental health professionals. Excellent convergent validity of the scale wasdemonstrated through adequate correlations with indicators of subjective well-being, styles ofemotional regulation, and coping strategies. Our findings suggest that the Serbian adaptationof the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – II is a valid and reliable measure of behavioralavoidance, implicating that the construct of psychological flexibility has been demonstrated asconceptually similar to those previously found across various languages and cultural contexts
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Researches about the social aspects of motherhood and maternal roles are being largely expanded as a study or scientific work in the past decades. The following data are part of the research that was conducted with regard to changes and influence of motherhood on the identity of women. Empirical research was done in the form of semi structured in-depth interviews with 27 mothers of children of different ages, on the territory of the city of Skopje. Motherhood stands out as a life transition period in women’s life that entered major changes. These changes mainly relate to a sense of maturation, increased sensitivity, compassion, empathy and tolerance, which can be interpreted as a moral transformation of women caused by motherhood. Findings suggest that motherhood brings sudden change in the identity of the woman affecting multiple levels of her personality and life. Changes in maternal roles, suggest that a mother’s role is most intense in the preschool period, when the dependence of children is greatest, but the biggest challenge of motherhood, usually occurs when children are in their adolescent period.
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The focus of the present study is the exploration of factors related to physical parental punishment and the display of aggression among school-age children. The study was conducted in Tirana and Durres with children of seven elementary schools, in a total of 830 children of the group-age 7 to 11 years old. Our aim is to identify the differences between physically punished children and physically non-punished children in the emergence of aggressiveness in general, identification of forms of aggression that exhibit the physically punished children, identification of gender differences in the manifestation of forms of aggression in physically punished children. We used the Direct and Indirect Aggression Scales (Björkqvist, Lagerspetz & Österman, 1992) and four questionnaires were designed to collect information from the child whether the parents were involved in these forms of punishment or not. The results of the study showed that there were differences in the display of aggressiveness among physically punished children and physically non-punished children; there was also a tendency for physically punished children to exhibit a higher level of Direct Aggression. Findings also emerged in terms of gender differences in the appearance of aggressiveness in physically punished children. The conclusions highlight the role played by the physical punitive factor in the emergence of aggressive behaviour in children. In this context, the role of parental patterns and what they transmit to the child should be taken into account by the authoritarian figures that are in daily contact with the child - parents or teachers.
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This study aimed to examine whether there is a mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties in the relationship between social anxiety and problematic Internet use (PIU). The sample consisted of 297 participants (147 [49%] males; aged from 18 to 24 years), who were university students studying sport sciences in four universities in Turkey. Data were obtained using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Internet Addiction Scale, and Scale of Difficulties in Emotional Regulation. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data.According to the results obtained, emotion regulation difficulty has a full mediating role in the relationship between social anxiety and PIU. As a result, social anxiety affects emotion regulation difficulties and this effect could increase PIU.
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