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Социални и екзистенциални проблеми пред личността в условията на глобализация

Author(s): Peter Neshev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2018

The globalization, personality and identity as problematic areas of the contemporary psychology are presented in the article. Different psychological and scientific theories of globalization and cultural identity are considered. The characteristic of the psychological perspective in the investigation of the globalization and the personality is pointed. Also, actual research themes within the psychology of society and the psychology of conflicts are analyzed in that article. The place of the psychology within the scientific knowledge system of the change of human behavior in the Globalized World is presented, emphasizing the applied nature of the contemporary psychological knowledge.

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Социални предпоставки на творческата активност

Author(s): Bozhena Takvorian-Solakian / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2016

The determining role of a reality in terms of creativity manifests by determining role of the subject in terms of the rest material objects and processes of the pedagogical activity.

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Социалните влияния и убеждаването

Author(s): Dimitar Bogdanov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2015

This article reveals the essence and specificities of social influences and some of its manifestations – agreement, identification and internalization. A special attention is paid to the persuasion as a mean of social influence. The ways of the social influences and persuasion are represented as well as how they affect people.

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Социално психологически детерминанти на бърнаут и психично благополучие в организационната практика

Author(s): Velislava Chavdarova,Ilonka Kovacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2017

The article presents and comments the results of empirical research concerning burnout and mental well-being of 340 employees. The conclusions are related to the impact of the factors such as gender, age, marital status and hierarchical position on the discussed phenomena.

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СОЦИАЛНОПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА НА ЧОВЕШКИТЕ ПОТРЕБНОСТИ

Author(s): Sonia Stefanova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2019

Humans, much like other living beings, need certain conditions and means derived from the external environment for his existence and activity. Human needs are internal states; they are part of the personality and they result in motivation, desires and goals. Need is invariably linked to a sense of satisfaction or dissatisfaction. In psychological science, this term refers to the state of the objective need of the human body or personality for something outside their psyche and physique, and constituting a necessary condition for their normal life and activity.

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СОЦІАЛЬНА ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНІСТЬ ВІЙСЬКОВОГО ПРОФЕСІОНАЛА

Author(s): Petro Vasilovich Kvitkin,Iryna Volodymyrivna Dyatlova,I. M. Rebrii / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 1/2017

Threats and challenges of the modern world put forward ever increasing demands as to a military professional’s individuality, his/her occupational, moral and psychological qualities. In this context the problem of a military professional’s social responsibility is of particular importance. In order to resolve it the essence of social responsibility is to be determined. The issue of servicepersons’ social responsibility has been highlighted in a number of works by both Ukrainian and foreign researchers. In particular, O. Petrov, S. Karpukhin, Yu. Chernavin, Ye. Kireev, O. Glasunov and some others initiated its scientific foregrounding, singled out some important aspects and ways of their further investigation. At the same time, the question of the essence of the social responsibility of a military professional’s individuality still remains unresolved. The initial point for the analysis of the essence of the social responsibility of a military professional’s individuality lies in understanding it as a specific manifestation of the social responsibility of social subjects which reflects its ontological traits and particularities. However, it’s necessary to state that among the scientists there is no mutual understanding as to the essence of the social responsibility of social subjects. The main difficulty here lies in understanding the essence and the meaning of the notions of «responsibility», «social responsibility» and «social subject’s social responsibility». According to this, the analysis of servicepersons’ social responsibility first of all requires the clarification of these notions by determining their categorical status. From the standpoint of hermeneutics methodology the introduction of the notion of social responsibility came as a logical consequence of scientific investigation of the problem of responsibility in general. Thus, it was initiated by the fact that responsibility cannot be reduced to social sanctions and mutual demands alone. Social responsibility is the way of social existence, and of relations among social subjects (people, social and sociopolitical institutions). In this respect it does not equal responsibility as a sum of certain sanctions but has its own meaning. The meaning of social responsibility reflects two aspects of cooperation among social subjects: the character of social subject’s fulfillment of its destination and duties; social sanctions applied against social subject by society for social consequences of its activity or inactivity.

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Специфика психолого-педагогического сопровождения виктимных подростков, склонных к бродяжничеству

Author(s): Olga Olegovna Andronnikova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2019

Introduction. The author investigates the problem of vagrancy and running away from home among minors. The purpose of the research is to reveal the characteristic features of edu-cational and psychological support for victimized adolescents inclined to vagrancy. Materials and Methods. A review of the scientific literature and analysis of statistics on the problem of vagrancy and home runaways among minors revealed the need to study the cur-rent state of this issue. The methodology of the research is based on the scientific conception of activity of the individual as a subject of life. The solution of research problems is implemented through an interdisciplinary approach. The study involved 190 adolescents aged between 14 and 16 years, 93 of whom were inclined to vagrancy. Applied empirical methods allowed to conduct a comprehensive study of adolescents’ psychological characteristics and behavior. Results. The author studied subjective causes of vagrancy and ways how adolescents dealt with homeless and runaway episodes. The research revealed personality traits of adoles-cents inclined to vagrancy, characteristics of their motivation, values, self-esteem, self-attitude, and attitudes towards significant individuals, objects and situations, determined by homeless and runaway experience. The author identified unaccompanied homeless youth’s characteris-tics of social and emotional intelligence, behavioral style, and specific response to stressful situ-ations. The identified set of personal and behavioral characteristics of adolescents inclined to vagrancy was considered as a guideline for planning and implementing psychological preven-tative and remedial work with them. The author described educational conditions contributing to creating beneficial learning environments for adolescents inclined to vagrancy. Conclusions. It is shown that psychological remedial work with minors inclined to runa-ways and vagrancy is effective if it is based on peculiarities of personality structure and deviant behaviours of adolescents.

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СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ЦЕННОСТНО-СМЫСЛОВОЙ СФЕРЫ ЛИЧНОСТИ АМЕРИКАНСКИХ И РОССИЙСКИХ СТУДЕНТОВ

Author(s): Naila Rustamovna Salikhova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 6/2013

The article presents social and cultural peculiarities of the personal value-and-conceptual sphere of American and Russian students. The content-related specifics demonstrate differences in the ranking of such values as freedom, health, cognition and close friendship within the general hierarchy of personal values. The dynamic specifics, in their turn, reveal themselves in different perceptions of attainability of values as well as in the level of their realizability in practice. The latter is significantly higher in American students. The results of this research show that in the process of education, American students find themselves in the existential phase of conceptual realization of their life goals. Russian students, on the other hand, are still in the process of conceptual search and making their choice of life perspectives.

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Старость или «третий возраст»? Дискурсы субъективного восприятия индивидами собственных возрастных изменений

Author(s): Olga Maximova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2020

The concept of aging has quite contradictory characteristics and interpretations in the academic literature. The most developed are biological (gerontological), chronological, and sociological approaches. In the social sciences the phenomenon of aging has a complex structure—it cannot be studied outside the social, cultural, and historical factors existing in a particular society. Following the notion of social construction of aging, I believe that in order to analyze aging and old age not only as socially constructed phenomena but as individual strategies and practices, we must investigate how individuals themselves subjectively explain their age and actions related to it and how they present their own discourse of aging and perception of age-related changes. According to the adopted methodological framework, narrative interviews with informants aged 63 to 83 years became the main method of collecting data for this study. As the results of the study demonstrate, individuals who by the criteria of age are assigned to the category of the “elderly” manifest an ambivalent attitude toward the process of aging. Assessing the current period of their life, informants associate it with wisdom, experience, and the possibility of self-realization, including in those areas where before they could not prove themselves due to the burden of professional and family responsibilities. Advanced age is characterized by informants, first of all, as a time of assessing one’s life, summing up its results, while the number of years lived is perceived rather as a given that has only a formal meaning but does not directly affect their inner sense of self. Informants who continue working see it as an opportunity to remain useful, in demand, rather than purely as a source of (albeit not unimportant) additional income. The main things that the elderly value, as the study revealed, are self-satisfaction, family, health, having friends, and various kinds of activities (labor, civic, or family) that allow them to feel needed.

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Структуриране на личността в психоаналитична перспектива

Author(s): Silviya Kristeva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2016

This paper will search to offer a model of the whole-integrated personality with encompassing the structure, the areas and the internal specifications and connections in the personality universum. For this purpose we will follow and derive the basic conceptual models which exist and generalize what personality is in our comprehension. This also will be a phenomenological reconstructing of fundamental types of projections in personality constituting – we will derive the initial approaches to the world of I-instance in Descartes and Kant, but basically we will define the process personality in Hegel as the result of process-ending of the pure thought system. We will also draw for consideration Heidegger’s model in analyzing the personality as an event, as a phenomenon of the live and actual human presence in the world. Thou the essential goal is reconstructing the three-instance psychoanalytical model which will be considered in unexpected configuration by drawing together of S. Freud’s and A. Maslow’s personality depth-structuring. The hypothesis raised up here is: Maslow’s pyramid of basic needs, in its hierarchy reflects a general structuring of the levels of the personality universum, with this the areas of integrity, continuity and I-projecting of whole personality will be formed.

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Структурный анализ модельных конструкций самоопределения учителя по социальным дисциплинам

Author(s): Oksana Kononenko / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

The article was carried out the structural analysis of the basic constructs of individual, individual – multisubjective, personal levels of the general model of self-presentation social sciences and humanities teachers. In our study the model of self-presentation is considered as a closed system, structural components which are combined into a single unit complex with multiconnections and relationships. It was identified the structure of personalitymultisubjective construct, which consists of four integral components factorsaggressiveness, frustration intolerance, and effectively overcoming, the selfpresentation.

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Студентската академична мотивация през призмата на самоефективността

Author(s): Rusanka Mancheva,Bilyana Yordanova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2018

Academic motivation and self-evaluation in the learning process are one of the most important factors for successful academic training for future specialists with higher education.The proposed article presents results of a study conducted by students from Southwestern University "Neofit Rilski" under project RP-A14 / 17 "Research on personal effectiveness, academic and career motivation" at the Laboratory complex in Psychology. In the paper, the theoretical link between the internal and external motivation and the own assessment of the student's academic activity is sought. It has been found that the focus of motivational activity in students depends on stimulating motivation factors of the academic environment and on own assessment of success in the learning process.

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Сущность и механизмы социально-психологического тренинга: манипуляция или помогающие отношения?

Author(s): Tatyаna Korotkina / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2018

The article deals with Eastern systems of self-development as a socio-psychological phenomenon and the component of sociocultural environment. The concept of social environment, cultural environment and social group is considered. The Eastern systems of self-development are also examined as a new social group. The author analyzes the prerequisites for the spread of Eastern systems of self-development in an initially alien socio-cultural environment. The processes of globalization can not but influence the formation of new social groups, and the author also considers the spread of Eastern systems of self-development and the formation of Eastern systems of self-development as new social groups in the context of the localizing world. What social and psychological burden can be borne both by the process of globalization and by the active use of Eastern systems of selfdevelopment in an alien socio-cultural environment.

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Съвременният човек през погледа на Ерих Фром

Author(s): Stoil Mavrodiev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2017

This article analyzes the Being and the problems of modern man, as well as the relation between individual and society through the works of Erich Fromm. Issues such as destructiveness of individuals and communities, outlined are the “diseases” of modern times: alienation, broken identity, loneliness.

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Съвременното изкуство и идеята за визуалното безсмъртие

Author(s): Peter Tzanev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2017

The idea of “the human soul” is usually seen as a proto-psychological concept, and not as a basic aesthetic category. From the perspective of psychology, we find it quite natural that the idea of the soul is destined to die with the demise of the idea of immortality. In art, however, in the modern era, the idea of immortality remains fundamental. The modern idea of art is built on the idea of visual immortality. It can speculate that art is a historically variable concept which functions as a substitute term for visual immortality of the soul. In the 20th century, the conversion of the soul into a complex image of human inner mental life led to a radical change in the attitudes, expressed in the visual arts, towards immortality. The demand for a new unifying center that replaces the notion of soul is driving modern and contemporary art to visualize new ideas regarding modern man’s personality structure and distinct types of consciousness.

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ТHEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND IDENTIFICATION OF GENERAL COMPETENCES OF COUNSELORS IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS

Author(s): Gordana Dukić / Language(s): English / Issue: 39-40/2017

General competencies are a dynamic combination of knowledge, understanding, skills, abilities, attitudes and values that are necessary for personal achievement and development. They are typical of every person regardless of their scope of work. They develop during the period of formal education and represent the basis for further learning and development as an integral part of lifelong learning. Counselors in penal institutions have already formed attitudes and opinions on general competencies. Counselors consider systemic competencies (ability to adapt to new situations, learning ability, ability for practical application of knowledge, ability for persistence when achieving highest quality of work and creativity) to have a slight advantage over interpersonal, instrumental and general specific competencies and to represent a fine basis for further learning and development. Owing to the complexity of competencies and the complex process of identification, testing and comparison of competencies as to the fact that counselors value systemic ones more, which are known to be more complex, it is advisable to check these results on a larger sample and to open a qualitative discussion on counselors’ competencies in penal institutions within the context of lifelong learning.

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ТВОРЧА ОСОБИСТІСТЬ ЯК СУБ’ЄКТ КУЛЬТУРИ В ПАРАДИГМАЛЬНИХ ВИМІРАХ ОСМИСЛЕННЯ

Author(s): Oljgha Ovcharuk / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 2/2021

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the essence of paradigmaticity, to determine the basic paradigm dimensions of cultural comprehension of the phenomenon of personality. The methodology of research consists in the application of synergetic, axiological, cultural-hermeneutic approaches and analytical, semiotic, phenomenological methods to comprehend the personality as a subject of culture, capable of representing universal cultural meanings, values and ideals through various forms of creative practices, choosing a personal vector of creative self-realization. Scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time in the problem field of cultural studies on the basis of paradigmatic as a sign of modern postnonclassical humanitarianism is justified paradigm dimensions of comprehension of personality, based on discursiveness, multiple intellectual forms of scientific knowledge, as well as interpretive variability of artistic thinking. In the context of culturological comprehension of personality as a cultural subject universal paradigm dimensions are defined: interscientific, humanitarian, subject-value, activity-creative. Conclusions. Interscientific paradigmal dimension allows to systematize the directions of evolution of scientific views on the phenomenon of personality from the position of different spheres of scientific knowledge. Through humanitarian paradigmatic dimension the person is presented as a creative personality within phenomenological hermeneutics; in the context of discursive technologies of personality self-projection, the possession of which becomes an important condition of its successful creative self-realization. The creative personality in the context of the subject-value dimension acts as a bearer of cultural values as the works of spiritual culture. Culturological research of personality in its basic - activity-creative paradigmatic dimension allows to consider the creative personality through creative activity, on the basis of which reincarnation of the personality himself into the subject of culturecreativity takes place.

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Теоретические основы социального Психоанализа

Author(s): Lyudmila Storizhko / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2020

The theoretical provisions of social psychoanalysis are based on the consideration of the following basic components of the psyche: consciousness and unconscious, individual and collective unconscious, social unconscious. Sigmund Freud one of the first has been researched internal incentives, under the influence of which, all mental human`s processes come into effect, which determine the motivational structure of human behavior. Through the prism of unconscious appetence, he tried to consider as the behavior of an individual person and the whole history of the development of humanity. Unconscious in Carl Jung’s understanding acquires a new meaning: it relates with historical and spiritual layers of humanity experience. It was Z. Freud and C. Jung who formulated the basic theoretical principles of social psychoanalysis about the “deep” and “peak” motivation of human behavior.

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ТЕОРИЯ ИНТЕРНЕТ-ФОЛЬКЛОРА: КОММУНИКАЦИЯ ФОЛЬКЛОРНОГО ТИПА И САМОИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ УЧАСТНИКОВ КРУПНЫХ ФОРУМОВ

Author(s): Marina Viktorovna Zagidullina / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2015

This paper develops the basic ideas of the Internet folklore theory, which has been actively worked out in modern media research. Agreeing with the opinion of M.D. Alekseevskii on the main trends of this research school, an attempt is made to fill one of the gaps: the lack of research on folklore-type communication and its features in the Internet space. Five conditions for the appearance of folklore-type communication are singled out. The paper deals with each of these conditions and provides examples of folklore communications such as the popular Russian-speaking forum pikabu.ru. Particular attention is given to the self-identification of users/participants of communication, as well as the locality of this self-identification. It is emphasized that Internet should be considered as an analogue of the reality rather than a homogenous media space.

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Типове реч и обучението по писмено преразказване

Author(s): Mariana Mandeva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2013

The links between speech, language and thinking are considered. A classification of speech types and kinds is presented. The polyphonic, written and monological speech which have their own opportunities in teaching written retelling are characterized.

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