Топика на априорното

Author(s): Silviya Kristeva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2016

By introducing the a priori-investigation of the reason, Kant poses the possibility of one separate area, or method, or thematic in the transcendental analysis of the pure forms of reason. Do the a priori then have its own field which could distinct the derivation of those pure forms and so the a priori alone to differentiate itself among the three, delineated inside the boundaries of reason, areas of the basic faculties of pure reason – sensibility, understanding and reason. We raise the question – whether the a priori is connected with a meta-posing of the transcendental procedure as a reflection upon the activity and possibilities of the reason itself. And from this point on to differentiate the a priori with its own elements and progress of realization and so the a priori could find its own topics in the hole constitution of pure consciousness.

Траурна ритуалност и нагласи към смърттта на българите

Author(s): Krasimira Yonkova,Doncho Donev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2014

The death is not attractive to anyone, but is resident for each living creatures. Its conversion into taboo leads to a different transformations. We may find their expression in a symbolic funeral rituals. From this perspective, mourning and funeral rites of the Bulgarians proved particularly significant in shaping the attitudes toward death. If we linking these attitudes with specific stages of life, the dynamic in the attitude of Bulgarians towards the end of life will be clearly traceable.

Тревогата в психоанализата

Author(s): Milena Motsinova-Brachkova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2013

Тhe article presents anxiety as fundamental to psychoanalytic understanding of the nature of man as a speaking being and his mental functioning. As a reason for anxiety initially Sigmund Freud indicates suppression of mental images in which the remainder of not symbolized libido raises concern. Second version of Freud presents anxiety as a product of the loss of an object; castration, associated with the Оedipal complex, implies the absence of the object. One part of the libido remains inaccessible to symbolization and that this part of the libido Jacques Lacan would call Real. Lacan regarded libido problems beyond phallic and Oedipal complex. By introducing the subject „little a” it shows that anxiety is objectless. The site „little a” functions as a lost object – oral object (the breast), the anal object, gaze, voice. The symptom is a therapeutic key to anxiety in psychoanalysis. Analytical work with the symptoms depends on the psychic structure of the subject – neurotic or psychotic structure. Analysis began because anxiety or some painful symptoms, associated with dysfunction and ends with a new final symptom that helps man to name the unnameable part of his being, and in fact this is a new way of living.

Тревожността като категория на психологията

Author(s): Petya Trifonova-Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2014

If the worries and fears prevent you from living in the way you would like, you probably suffer from anxiety disorder. The good news is that there are many ways we could influence anxiety and its symptoms until reduce it to a minimum and regain control of our lives. Anxiety helps us to be focused and in good condition and motivates us to act and solve problems in our daily lives.

Третичният мисловен процес на кръстопътя между метапсихологията, когнитивната наука и невронауката

Author(s): Petar Radoev Dimkov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2016

The strict differentiation between the abstract-verbal-logical thought (the Freudian secondary thought process) and the primitive, fantastic thought (primary thought process) is conditional and the border between the two is not clear-cut. This fact allows one to postulate the existence of a third thought process, which would fill the empty space. The third process, essentially, can be defined as concrete, imaginative representation of abstract notions, which is subjected to modifications of volition or as a regress in the name of the ego. Due to this position, the question about the third process touches upon some ancient philosophical questions, e. g. the origin of notions, in particular, the so-called conceptual empiricism, and the transcendental schematism of Kant. Also involved are the contemporary psychological research on representations as concrete and nonetheless generalizing image as well as fantastic imagination and reproductive imagination. The third process reveals itself as invaluable means to creative thought, which, in comparison with the secondary process, is elastic and plastic, and exactly due to this fact it can be subjected to modification (constructivism). Subjectivism and constructivism allow one to view this thought process from a philosophico-practical point of view.

Участие на Аза, правилата и смисловият контекст в рефлексивната ситуация

Author(s): Boris Minchev / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

The paper is a theoretical account of human capacity for reflexive conscious experience. The conceptual background of the topic is shaped by the empiricism – rationalism debate initiated by R. Descartes and J. Locke. The contemporary background inherited the positions in the old controversy. Next an original view on reflexivity is proposed. It is summarized in 11 theses. The main idea is the organization of the reflexive situation around a reflexive Self. The latter is composed of two parts – active spontaneous “I” and a passive content “me”. Both are shifting fast as fast phases of a full Self. The Self is internally reflexive. The Self is responsively reflective to the rest of the situation. Thus reflexivity is doubled. This subjective amplification makes reflexive feelings “stereoscopic”. Self-centered situations become intensely detailed due to the reflective attitude and it makes it viewed in a new way. In the report the prototypic reflexive situation is discussed.The latter is constituted by the meaning context, experienced by the Self of the individual in a specific socio-cultural setting. A vast variety of reflexive patterns may be comprehended by arrangement around a prototype. Personal reflexivity is prototypic. The other reflexive states share partially properties of personal reflexive experience. Complex volitions are constituted by personal reflection. For the alleviation of the coordination going on, the Self relies on rules, specific affordances, performing a number of functions – instrumental, defining, criterial, etc. Rules are designed to master a particular situation in which the Self, meaning and setting also converge. The very mastering of situations of cognitive or existential-value nature leads to the acquisition of reflexive skills, first supported by rules. Later the rules are implicitly felt or become habits. Rules are important didactic means in the educational reflexive practice. Therefore they should be known about their didactic applications.

Ученическите емоции удоволствие, тревожност и скучаене в процеса на учене по време на час

Author(s): Nina Gerdzhikova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2016

The article presents data from the survey of 12-15 years-old students. The data show that students do not experience strong emotions during class. 79,1% of students would be absent from class if they are feeling tension. At the same time, 69,7% of students never or very seldom would be left demonstratively the classes. These data clearly show the attitude of students to control their negative emotions in accordance to the requirements of the teacher to them. The educational status of the mother doesn’t influence the type of emotional behavior.

Фактори и причини за извършване на престъпления от непълнолетни правонарушители (индивидуално приемане на престъплението)

Author(s): Daniela Petkova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2012

Crisis which is affecting society and the increase in criminogenics factors that underlie a number of offenses committed by minors. Social ill and the accompanying poverty, hunger, domestic strife and inability to meet basic needs further restrict the ability of individuals to find an adequate solution to get out of this situation and sometimes an offense is considered as the only possible outcome. It would be wrong, however, assuming that only external circumstances underlying the commission of crimes. Not every person with any problem committing offense. For each problem situation exists and lawful acting out. It is therefore necessary to examine individual – personal factors that determine criminal behavior.

Факторная структура раннего материнского копинга с позиции разноуровневого психосоциального развития ребенка

Author(s): Galina Stepanovna Korytova,Alyona Igorevna Korytova,Yulia Anatolyevna Eremina / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2019

Introduction. The authors consider the scientific problem of systematic concepts about peculiarities of coping behavior of mothers bringing up toddlers. The aim of the article is to determine the factor structure of early mother coping in terms of different levels of child’s psychosocial development. Materials and Methods. The methodological basis of studying mothers’ coping behaviors consisted in ideas of integrative and subjective approaches. The study involved empirical methods including psychological tests and initial interviews. The obtained data were processed through such mathematical statistical analysis procedures as descriptive statistics and factor analysis (principal component analysis with normalized quartimax rotation). Results. The supposition that early motherhood makes special demands on resources of women stress coping behavior is justified. The authors clarify structural belonging of maternal burnout to maternal coping. The results obtained by factorization procedures demonstrated statistically significant presence of a system of stable factors reflecting the structure of mother coping behavior depending on child psychosocial level of development. The authors have formed an empirically based concept of coping behaviors types of mothers involved in the upbringing of young children. Conclusions. The authors conclude that mothers, bringing up toddlers with different levels of psychosocial development, have different structural organization of early maternal coping.

ФАКТОРЫ ПРЕОДОЛЕНИЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОТЧУЖДЕНИЯ КОРПОРАТИВНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ СОТРУДНИКАМИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОГО ТИПА

Author(s): Leonid Mikhailovich Popov,Pavel Nikolayevich Ustin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 6/2013

The article studies psychological alienation as a mechanism of destruction of corporate culture in organizations. The authors provide their own understanding of the phenomenon of psychological alienation within the socioeconomic activity of the subjects of professional activity. It has been experimentally shown that management style, interpersonal relations as well as professionalism of employees and their motivation act as factors to overcome psychological alienation in corporate culture of industrial organizations.

Философията на правото и етиката – алтернатива или взаимна зависимост? (Историко-философски преглед)

Author(s): Yordan Gabrovski / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2012

Every person chooses his own view of good and goals in the name of which he coordinates his behavior. Duty and evaluations are constitutive for the core of moral norms and motivation which realize the regulation of human behavior and actions. In relation of his mechanism the internal regulation have a main role and helps to men to create his social behavior and internal norms.

Философски поглед върху психиатрията

Author(s): Roman Harizanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2019

In the Sun-Earth system, the second thermodynamic principle is manifested in a specific way. The sun exerts a potent protective effect on the most energy-intensive chemical reaction: the synthesis of proteins through nucleic acids. A buildable-degradable matter is accumulated. This process passes through several phases: growth of the individual, maturation, reproduction, saturation of the ecological niche of the population, formation of the species, increasing complexity of the environment, a progressive course of evolution, a transition from living beings’ adaptation to their environment to the environment’s adaptation to living beings. This happens as follows: a “conditioned stimulus”, designated here as “love of the future” is presented. The latter creates an un-conditioned stimulus. The consumption of the latter is designated as “love of the present”, which comprises satisfaction of instincts and the use of “free play”. “Free play” is fragmented by the rationality of the actions; and it has different forms of manifestation. Schizophrenia is a failure to build the neural connection between love of the future and love of the present. The author supports Bleuler’s view that the essential feature of schizophrenia is deficits in the higher functions. The article also discusses certain features of other psychoses, affective disorders, personality disorders, the role of transmitters, etc. A life strategy for better health is presented.

Философско-психологическият и етико-правният потенциал на наказателно-изправителната дейност

Author(s): Yordan Gabrovski / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2015

The author is an expert in the problems of criminal rehabilitation. In the paper are considered some philosophical, psychological, ethical and legal dimensions of the integration of former criminals.

Фридрих Ницше – новата религия на метафизическия нихилизъм

Author(s): Rosen Rachev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2018

Human life is an endless sequence of problem situations and ways to overcome them. Friedrich Nietzsche proclaims doubt and nihilism as forms of existence in problem situation. They are the foundation of the „reassessment of all values“. This reassessment is oriented to traditional, approved and wide spread principles and norms in society. The skepticism is an initial position and a transitional stage of denial. If someone denies something without thinking of it, he acts emotionally. Friedrich Nietzsche is a nihilist because his attitude is based on doubts, which are rationally motivated. In this paper the arguments are derived from his books “Thus Spoke Zarathustra”, “The Antichrist” and “Twilight of the Idols”.

Футболният стадион – център на фенската активност

Author(s): Kremena Iordanova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2018

The aim of this text is to trace the importance of the football stadium for the football fans and the characteristic ritual behavior they use as a way out of everyday life.

Хегел и Фройд. За еволюцията на съзнанието

Author(s): Ivo Minkov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2016

The paper aims to follow the growth of two fundamental positions – pure being in Hegel’s philosophy and unconscious in Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. The intention is their heuristic catch that leads us to clearly understand and distinguish the evolution and happiness. This is the reason why, the planetary consciousness is not a utopia. It is realized as an obligation and a responsibility of modern humanity, towards future generations.

Хелене Дойч – психоаналитичен поглед към женската душевност

Author(s): Stoil Mavrodiev,Desislava Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2016

Helene Deutsch was one of the first female psychoanalysts. Freud treated her with admiration and supported her development, because in his eyes she harmonizes certain professional competition along with beauty, charm and kindness inherent to femininity. In 1944, Helene Deutsch published her two-volume book “The Psychology of Women. A psychoanalytic interpretation”. The book has many editions and was translated into several languages. Therefore Helene Deutsch often is labelled as a specialist in “female psychology”. Although she does not agree with this definition, her name is mainly related to this work and with its in-depth study of the female spirit.

Хронология на психопатологията: Южноафриканска перспектива

Author(s): Aygul Mehmedova / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

Psychopathology is the study of origin, development, and manifestations of mental or behavioral disorders. It has used various categorizations of psychological disorders throughout its life span categorizing this study as a developmental notion of categorization of mental and behavioral disorders common to various populations. It is thus crucial to define psychological disorders within the study of psychopathology as psychological dysfunctions identified within individuals associated with distresses or impairments in functioning and response deviating from their cultural norms (Barlow & Durand, 2009).

Ценностите – универсалии между нормата и емпирията

Author(s): Lyubomir Christov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2016

In its genesis this work of writing is “nest-like” and particular. It was born in the inevitable for any explorer solitary communion with the books (those most unselfish friends of ours), in conversations, in the spiritual confrontation of concepts, in degrading societal and intellectual relations … Do not ask where! In the overcrowded lap of solitude, of course…. Some of the “nests” date back from those odious totalitarian times. Others shaped up after the “democratic” catastrophe in Eurasia, whose levelling mediocrity and amoral demagogy set out to sweep up certain invaluable and idiosyncratic cultural and ethnic traditions… Verbally, though, they became possible as a result of concentrated philosophical speculation…

Шопенхауер в предисторията на психоанализата?

Няколко бележки

Author(s): Ivan Marinov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Issue: 6/2017

This article examines Schopenhauer’s impact on psychoanalysis in relation to Freud’s intellectual evolution. The historical origin of some common psychoanalytic concepts is discussed in close connection to Schopenhauer’s voluntaristic psychology.