Детските страшни истории – вчера и днес

Author(s): Elena Savova–Tsolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2018

The paper deals with questions regarding the specifics of children's narratives and the place which they have in the lives of pre-adolescents. Important differences in the way children and adults tell urban legends are outlined. Special emphasis is given to the peculiarities of scary stories where the antagonist is a body part, or an analogue thereof. Attention is also given to the changes in the storytelling traditions of children, as well as the influence of the newest technologies for communication and visualization in the recent years. The appendix includes 25 recordings of children's scary stories.

Диагносика на адаптивното функциониране на деца и връзката му със защитни механизми и копинг стратегии на родителите

Author(s): Camellia Hancheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2011

Psychoanalytic ideas of development and adaptation are presented. The perspective of early child-parent relations as structuring blocks of personality is applied to reveal the role of early interactive experience on adaptive/maladaptive functioning. Data from the assessment of 134 children (age 6–15) made with apperception technique RATC are obtained. The Bulgarian version of two multidimensional instruments measuring defense mechanisms DSQ (Bond et. al., 1993) and coping strategies COPE (Carver et. al., 1989) of the parents are used. Questionnaires were administrated to 46 fathers and 71 mothers. Results show reliability close to the original versions, and correlations of the scales prove hypotheses of constructs and their interdependence. Data obtained by correlation and regression analyses support the idea of the indirect influence of parents’ adaptive functioning on their children. Two models, based on the representations of either objects and/or relations and the process of identification are suggested to reveal different paths of influence. First explaining similarities in adaptive strategies through identification of the child with the idealized aspect of the parents; second is applying the idea of development of complementary role position in highly affectively charged situations as an emotional regulation mechanism in children.

Дискриминационни и ценностни нагласи към лица с психични разстройства, от страна на ученици

Author(s): Simeon I. Sapundzhiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The report is devoted to a study of the discriminatory and value attitudes of eleventh and twelfth grade students, regarding people with mental disorders. Attention is paid to widespread discriminatory attitudes and myths related to the manifestations of psychiatric diagnoses. The opinions and attitudes of the students towards the target group, their personal experience of interaction with people with mental disorders, their readiness for participation in joint activities with them and coexistence in the community are considered.

Дискурс и съвременни тенденции в концептуализацията на интелигентността

Author(s): Georgi Byandov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

In this work, on the the background of diachronic discourse on development of the concept of intelligence with an emphasis on methodological characteristics and problematic points, is represented the current trend of development of this concept with great practical value, are shown different paradigmatic solutions and open debates.

Добрият учител гради мотивация

Author(s): Petya Trifonova-Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

Motivation is the force that makes us achieve our goals and strive for self-improvement. Good teachers know how to motivate their students constructive actions for a brighter future. A motive creates an openness to action, while rationalization and goal-attaining lead to the implementation of human actions.

Езикът на тялото в бизнес комуникацията

Author(s): Gergana Farkova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 5/2018

What does body language reveal about us and others? Darwin was the first to connect facial expressions to behavior patterns that are of much earlier origin than spoken language. According to social anthropologist Edward T. Hall, in a conversation between two people, only 35% of the socially relevant information is passed through words. Nearly 65% of the cues in the direct communication process pass through paraverbal channels. When there is a discrepancy between cues, we usually trust the non-verbal ones. Signs and gestures do not lie; they reflect a person’s true intentions. All mental changes appear immediately at a non-verbal level and the signals received through sight, which are charged with much more information, are directly processed by the brain without being filtered. Body language can also serve as an effective tool of influence. The ability to master it and use it is particularly important in the business world. The article discusses the practical effects of non-verbal communication and seeks to explain why non-verbal codes should not be underestimated.

Ейджизъм, или стереотипизирането по възрастов принцип: същност, ефекти и начини на изследването му

Author(s): Donka Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2009

The current material offers an analysis of the theoretical concepts of ageism: how it is defined, what are its possible causes and explanations, what are its sources in our society, what effects it exerts on intergenerational interactions and on the self-concept of each individual. The article also features a critical look at various research methods used to evaluate this construct. The further aim of the article is to present ways of counteracting ageism through education.

За нова педагогическа парадигма

Author(s): Nikoleta Mihaleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

The article explores the relation between education and learning as a means of its implementation and the new type of socio-historical inheritance at the end of the twentieth century, related to changes in the nature of scientific knowledge itself. In the emerging new pedagogical paradigm, the main task is the transition from a center of knowledge to culture-friendly learning, the intellectualization of the learning process, but also its euro-denomination, is becoming more and more intense. It raises the issue of changes in values and new cultural realities in the process of communication, which builds a new type of the whole personality whose mentality unites culture and education. Innovative approaches to humanistic pedagogy and practice are aimed at developing the principles of developing learning, collaboration and creativity.

Играта и нейната роля в психическото развитие на детето

Author(s): Lev Vygotsky / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2018

Изследване на игровата среда за деца със специални образователни потребности в семейството

Author(s): Anna Trosheva,Mira Tzvetkova-Arsova,Diana Ignatova,Penka Shapkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

Thе report presents a study of the conditions for playing at home of children with special educational needs. The basic components of the playing environment are discussed. Results of a pilot study are presented. The main purpose was to explore children opportunities to play in the home environment. Data from a survey among 60 parents of children with special educational needs aged between 1 and 14 was analyzed. Important part of the study was to examine the parental attitudes towards the role of the play of the children with SEN.

Инструменти за диагностика на играта на деца със специални образователни потребности

Author(s): Marina Kalcheva,Margarita Tomova,Elena Boyadzhieva-Deleva,Anna Trosheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

When diagnosing the play of children with special needs, it is necessary to know their features and the reasons for their more difficult inclusion in play. The theoretical rationales of the barriers for free participation and / or initiation of play as well as our practical experience with children with special educational needs served to structuring a tool for monitoring their play in evaluation form. It traces different levels of dealing with the categories of cognitive play (practical, symbolic, constructive and rules-based play). It is planned to analyze videos in situations of independent play, play with a parent, and play with other children. The card comes with a procedure for selecting play items / toys. The presented procedure and tool for monitoring and analyzing the play of children with special educational needs is to be applied in practical diagnostic and therapeutic activities.

Интенционалност и съзнание: опит за разбулване на мистичното преживяване като ординарно неинтенционално съзнание

Author(s): Petar Radoev Dimkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

Perhaps the most widely accepted definition of consciousness is the one that it has an intentional directedness: it is a consciousness of something, an objective consciousness (Brentano, Husserl). Husserl speaks of the existence of such contents of consciousness, which are objectless, unintentional. Mystical experience is a concept which includes idiosyncratic experiences of union with a deity or a principle, a union with a variety of unique traits. In this article, an attempt is made to define mystical experience as an experience which consists of unintentional content of consciousness. In this way, mystical experience can be demystified and revealed as an ordinary state of consciousness, a consciousness inherent only to man. The positives of the experience are not negated but rather from the theoretical perspective of the discipline of neurotheology mystical experience is defined as an ordinary human state, even in the face of the difficulties of its definition and description.

Исследование уровня информированности педагогов, работающих с детьми с тяжелыми и множественными нарушениями развития, в Армении

Author(s): Tereza Yurevna Azatyan,Anush Arturovna Aslanyan / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2021

Introduction. As in many countries, in Armenia the problem of providing psychological and pedagogical assistance to families and teachers of children with severe and multiple developmental disabilities is still insufficiently developed. Based on the research results and practical evidence, recommendations for teachers on adjustment of disabled children to school environment are presented. Materials and Methods. The research methodology is based on previous international studies on the role of teachers' attitudes to children with severe and multiple developmental disorders, as well as difficulties in their socialization /Chulkov, V. N.; Golovchits, L. A.; Basilova, T. A., etc./. The model of remedial educational, psychological, technical and social interventions has been developed. Results. The results indicate that the institute of rehabilitation care for children with severe and multiple developmental disabilities is not fully established in Armenia, especially within inclusive education. Moreover, there is no uniformed approach to this problem. Revealing difficulties of teachers working with children with severe and multiple developmental disabilities in Armenia will allow to conduct primary educational diagnostics, adjust the content and methods of working with these children to their special educational needs, and design supportive educational environment. Conclusions. The findings indicate the need for systematic assistance to teachers working with children with severe and multiple developmental disabilities to identify difficulties within the educational process, close cooperation with multidisciplinary teams or professionals from resource centers, which, in its turn, contributes to the creation of a unified system of assistance to teachers working with children with severe and multiple developmental disabilities in Armenia.

Исследование факторов повышения умственной работоспособности и снижения социальной тревожности младших школьников

Author(s): Yulia Valerievna Batenova,Evgeniya Yuryevna Volchegorskaya,Svetlana Viktorovna Ezhova,Sergey Vladimirovich Tipushkov,Oksana Gennadievna Filippova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2022

Introduction. The article presents a theoretical review and an experimental study of children’s cognitive and emotional development in the current information and communication situation. Moreover, the study focuses on the possibilities of using a neuro-educational approach for improving mental efficiency and reducing social anxiety in primary schoolchildren. The purpose of the article is to identify and substantiate the effectiveness of a set of neuro-educational techniques as factors for improving mental performance and reducing social anxiety in primary schoolchildren. Materials and Methods. The study adopts a neuro-educational approach and its basic principles. The data were collected via the following methods: (1) E.F. Zambatsevichene’s test for studying verbal and logical thinking, (2) L.A. Yasyukova’s inventory for evaluating the development of short-term verbal and visual memory, (3) the Toulouse-Pieron test for the assessment of selective/sustained attention, (4) Phillips' School Anxiety Test. 63 primary school students took part in the study. To detect the randomness of the results and track the dynamics, the experimental data were subjected to mathematical processing (Wilcoxon's T-test, which ensures the validity and reliability of the research findings). Results. The authors propose and theoretically substantiate the neuro-educational approach as a strategy for cognitive and emotional development. Relying on psycho-educational experimentation based on the psychophysiological developmental characteristics of primary schoolchildren, the authors implemented neuro-educational techniques for increasing mental performance and reducing social anxiety in primary schoolchildren. The research findings show that the use of respiratory gymnastics, psychogymnastics, games for the development of hemispheric interaction, for the development of phonemic perception, for the development of afferent and efferent praxis, neuroarticulatory gymnastics, bioenergy calisthenics, and kinesiological exercises, have a significant impact on the indicators of students’ cognitive and emotional development. The study confirms the assumption that achieving a high level of development of cognitive functions and social emotions is possible if the set of neuro-educational techniques and technologies is utilized in primary education. Conclusions. The article concludes about the effectiveness of the set of neuro-educational techniques as a factor for increasing mental performance and reducing social anxiety in primary schoolchildren. The authors emphasize that the application of the set of psycho-educational techniques increases children’s emotional well-being, which improves quality of children’s cognitive and emotional development and helps to avoid the risks of school maladaptation.

К интерпретации параллелей между онтогенезом и историческим развитием мышления

Author(s): Peeter Tulviste / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/1977

Как при семиотическом анализе текстов традициональных культур, так и при экспериментально-психологическом изучении мышления в этих культурах обнаруживаются совпадения между мышлением взрослых людей из традициональных групп и мышлением европейских детей. Во многих случаях и то, и другое более или менее одинаково отличаются от мышления человека, получившего школьное образование.

Какво подлежи на развитие в теорията на Жан Пиаже и какви са неговите фактори, механизми и критерии за периодизиране

Author(s): Ivan Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

In this study are briefly presented the main ideas of the genetic epistemology of the famous Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget (1896–1980), the 120th anniversary of which was celebrated last year not only by psychologists but also by scholars in the fi eld of philosophy, sociology, pedagogy, and others throughout the civilized world. It analyzes mainly the theoretical-methodological foundations and the resulting principles of studying the genesis and the dynamics of intelligence and cognition in childhood and adolescence. The attention of readers is attracted to the factor determinism of development and its mechanisms, to the criteria for its periodization, emphasizing their theoretical and practical significance.

Комуникативни нарушения при детска церебрална парализа

Author(s): Desislava Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The current article presents results of a theoretical study on the communicative development of children with cerebral palsy. Key features of motor and sensory development manifestations have been outlined, which directly correspond to the development of language and speech competencies. The main characteristics of impressive and expressive speech have been highlighted. Communicative abilities have been described as essential in connection with the psycho-emotional inclusion of children in social life. The impact of children’s communication skill violation has been emphasized, as well as the importance of the environment in which they develop and the opportunities provided to them.

КОНЦЕПТ ОРИЈЕНТАЦИЈЕ НА УМ ДЈЕТЕТА: ОСНОВНЕ ПОСТАВКЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЕ

Author(s): Dejan Kantar,Jelica Petrović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 172/2019

Концепт оријентације на ум представља важан допринос разумијевању интеракције мајке и дјетета у свјетлу афективне везаности. Уобличен је у настојању да се објасни утицај сензитивног родитељства на формирање сигурне афективне везаности. Иако се истраживања у вези с овим концептом спроводе посљедњих двадесетак година, домаћи аутори који су се бавили социјално-емоционалним развојем само су га узгред помињали, и то као један од фактора који утичу на развој сигурне везаности, односно као механизам којим се може објаснити трансгенерацијски пренос образаца афективне везаности. Стога ће се, с обзиром на његов значај и актуелност, у овом раду детаљније представити концепт оријентације на ум. Пажња ће, прије свега, бити посвећена поријеклу и развоју саме идеје, а затим ће бити описани начини процјене те представљени резултати истраживања важних за освјетљавање теоријске позадине овог феномена. Осим тога, биће предочена и веза оријентације на ум с другим концептима насталим у покушају да се додатно расвијетли квалитет интеракције родитеља и дјетета.

Концептът отворено осиновяване

Author(s): Elena Bozhinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2009

This paper discusses the growing tendency towards greater opennes in adoption. Historical adoption practices, legal and social facts contributed to introducing the secrecy in the adoptive process as well as the processes on which the tendency towards openness is based are reviewed. Open adoption and adoption with contact are defined as well as three broad categories of contact – indirect contact, direct contact, and lack of contact or closed adoption are described. Part of the literature on open adoption is also presented, as is some of the literature on different degrees of openness and their respective effects on all the parties in the “adoption triangle” – the adopted children, biological mothers (special attention is given to the issue of the effects of the openness on the grieving process) and the adopters. The paper concludes with a discussion concerning the role of the professionals, involved in different aspects of the adoption process and the possible reasons for the enormous emotional charge and conflict potential of adoption.

Кризата на юношеството

Author(s): Stela Y. Vichkova,Magdalena Hr. Stancheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The adolescence is a special period of human development, filled with a variety of challenges and intense biological, social and psychological changes. The period is a kind of transition from childhood to adulthood and is associated with overcoming a crisis, the result of which significantly affects coping and adaptation to situations that cause frustration and loss of control in life in general. This article examines one of the most thoroughly studied periods of human development - adolescence and the crisis of adolescence as one of the mandatory crises in development.