„To, že péči matky nikdo nenahradí, je předsudek“
Rozhovor s PhDr. Šárkou Gjuričovou, psycholožkou a rodinnou terapeutkou o variantách rané péče o děti a o důležité možnosti volby mezi nimi. Rozhovor vedla Michaela Marksová-Tominová.
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Rozhovor s PhDr. Šárkou Gjuričovou, psycholožkou a rodinnou terapeutkou o variantách rané péče o děti a o důležité možnosti volby mezi nimi. Rozhovor vedla Michaela Marksová-Tominová.
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This paper is an attempt for a comparative analysis of the views of critical psychology for some shortcomings of clinical psychology and the basic principles of psychological counseling. Baseline is the large degree of overlap between the three activities clinical psychology, counseling and psychotherapy. This allows a certain convention to assume that what critical psychology makes as a criticism of the clinical concerns also counseling and psychotherapy. In this respect, in comparison to the consultation placed are such psychological aspects of clinical activity as the dominance of the medical model, the understanding of mental disorders in the context of social power and influence, consideration of ethnic, cultural and social realities in the assessment of the client side values psychological effects. The conclusion drawn is that psychological counseling methodologically and practically reaches some of the views of critical psychology.
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The article focuses on changeing the value system of cancer patiens. The emphasis is on the role of psychological assistance for adaptatio to another life. Thе lack of psychologists in most cancer centers hampers in the integration of the disease. The fact is that the consultant psychologist is usefull for patiens during their treatment. The article presents how psychological counseling contributes to improving the quality of life of patiens with cancer.
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The article is devoted to the scientific creative work of eminent Bulgarian pedagogues and psychologist – corresponding member of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Professor, Dimitre Katzaroff, PhD. This investigation is focused on his relation with tolstoism and the application of its tolsoist views in the preparation of its scientific publications. The basic lines of the pedagogic ideas of Tolstoi, represented in the review “The free education”, are viewed, as well as its evaluation for the practice of education, made from Professor Peter Noikov, in 1910. The article discussed the directions for application of the moral principles of tolstoism in the pedagogical works of Dimitre Katzaroff. The view of Katzaroff on the psychology of morality, based on the ideas of Lev Tolstoi is discussed too.
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Psychological characteristics of gangs are essential for revealing the mechanisms of criminal behavior in general. The study of the character of the offender, regardless of his surroundings would build a complete and accurate description, which could lead to inadequate selection of approaches for dealing. In this paper an attempt is made to explore is the role and place of gangs as factors of an offense and on but this should be offered adequate strategy for implementing measures educational impact.
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Psychological features of vocational training of social workers are analyzed. The presented psychology and pedagogical model of development of professionalism of the social worker in the conditions of modern higher education institution allows to analyses more deeply and comprehensively this phenomenon and to present a peculiar standard of model that will help to solve numerous personal and professional problems of the social worker, including a choice of strategy of self-realization in professional activity. Model as logical construct, opening professionalism development, gives an idea of structure, the contents, the purpose, means, result of this process; about the functions displaying professionalism of the social worker; clears up and predicts future condition of professionalism of the expert.
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The topic o f this paper is change and transformation in traditional children’s games among Serbs in Tovariševo. These games used to be played for a long time in almost intact form, until the second half of the 20th century. All traditional children’s games from Tovariševo are classified into three basic groups: competitive games, competitive-drama games and imitation-drama games. This paper emphasizes competitive traditional children’s games; that is, various playful activities exhibit by boys only. The games in question could serve as an example of connection between children’s play and socio-economic and cultural systems where games originated in the first place. Moreover, these games represented a significant mode of socialization: they helped children to acquire socially desirable and expected characteristics. This particular type of game had tremendous educational, cognitive and developmental functions. In decades following World War II, under the pressure of global socio-economic and cultural changes that encompassed the former Yugoslavia, these traditional children’s games started to change gradually, following the changes in a rural, traditional way of life. The changes in socio-political settings, economy, innovations brought by technical culture and changes in family structure in general, led to a formal transformation in the structure of games. A number of traditional games were reduced, some disappeared all together, or underwent modification and modernization. Traditional games that once corresponded to rural socio-economic and cultural settings are gradually disappearing, surrendering to the ones that match up to the needs of “modem” villages.
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The article presents results of a research of the influence of ego states and parental education on the self-esteem of seventh grade students. The sample includes 339 students from 13 to 15 years. The obtained results represent the dominance of the Natural Child ego-state and Nurturing Parent ego state, manifested by characteristics such as attachment, amiability, adaptability and spontaneity. The self-esteem of the students that took part in the survey is rather average, as higher education degree of the parents defines higher self-esteem in adolescents. The results show significant effect of the Adult ego-state, Natural Child and Nurturing Parent ego- states, along with the education of the father on adolescent self-esteem. The personal characteristics of spontaneity, organization, logical thinking, persistence, conscientious and productivity, along with the education level of the father, slightly but significantly increased the self-esteem of the students. The obtained results are applicable in individual and group work with students to develop their personal qualities and self-confidence, as prerequisites for improving their academic achievement, social relationships and mental well-being.
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Building a competitive system of higher education oriented to innovative socio-economic development is impossible without studying the specifics of university students’ readiness for innovative activity. The aim of the research is to analyze university students’ psychological readiness for innovative activity in St. Petersburg and Tomsk. Materials and Methods. In order to study readiness for innovative activity, the authors evaluated innovativeness and psychological parameters of activity applying the following methods: D. V. Lyusin’s Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, E. Yu. Mandrikova’s Self-Organization of Activity Questionnaire, D. A. Leontiev and E. N. Osin’s Reflexivity Type Assessment Test, the World Values Survey by R. Inglehart, adapted by R. K. Khabibulin, The Satisfaction with Life Scale developed by E. Diener and adapted by E. N. Osin and D. A. Leontiev, and The Change Response Styles Questionnaire developed by T. U. Bazarov and M. P. Sycheva. The sample was made up of 474 people: 291 residents of St. Petersburg and 183 residents of Tomsk. The mean age was 22.5 ± 3.9. Results. The study results indicate that specific features of psychological readiness for innovative activity in young adults are determined by their residence. Young adults from St. Petersburg show a greater readiness for innovative activity in terms of initiating innovations, while the participants from Tomsk, adhering to traditional values, are more prone to accept and support changes. The authors reveal six profiles of innovativeness and the psychological system of activity, namely "innovators", "conservatives", "reactive", "implementing", "innovation-oriented" and "stability-oriented", which have different representation in young adults from St. Petersburg and Tomsk. The authors conclude that the innovativeness of Russian young adults is manifested in such characteristics as purposefulness, sensitivity to oneself and others (emotional intelligence) and the level of systemic reflection. Conclusions. The findings show that it is necessary to take into account the specifics of young adults’ readiness for innovative activity when transforming the system of higher education in different cities of Russia.
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Introduction. The deterioration of schoolchildren’s health which takes place in Kazakhstan has revealed the need for continuous children’s health monitoring within different climatic, geographical and environmental conditions. However, there is a lack of indicators of schoolchildren’s morpho-functional development for the Northern and Southern regions of Kazakhstan, which are relevant for making up-to-date health standard tables. In this regard, the aim of this research is to study children’s morpho-functional development in the Northern and Southern regions of Kazakhstan, for subsequent monitoring their health within the dynamics of learning. Materials and Methods. Participants of the study were 480 Kazakh schoolchildren from the Northern (No. 22 secondary school in Pavlodar) and Southern (No. 7 secondary school in Kyzylorda) regions aged between 12 and 17 years. 240 were female and 240 were male. The authors used standard generally accepted methods for determining the morphological indicators of physical development and functional indicators of the cardiorespiratory system at rest and after standard physical activities. The data were analyzed using the methods of variation and differential statistics. Results. The study has shown that all indicators of students' physical development are within age, gender and regional standards. However, a comparative assessment of morphological and functional indicators showed significant differences between the regions. All parameters of schoolchildren’s physical development, except height, were higher in all age groups in the Northern region. On the other hand, the representatives of the Southern region have shown better results concerning the functional parameters of the cardiovascular system, which indicated better physical endurance. Conclusions. The obtained data indicate the need for further research on children’s regional health characteristics and regional standards of morpho-functional development.
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Adolescence is the most important stage of human development. The purpose of the study is to investigate in detail the features of structural arrangement of the experience of family relations in adolescents within the child-parent subsystem. The research is based on the data of the questionnaires about experiencing family relations. It has been found that the more the relations with parents are realized and understood, especially regarding the awareness of their dialectics and details, the greater developing potential with a beneficial effect on the development of the adolescent psyche have family relations. These impressions are freely and easily absorbed by adolescents, built into their view of the world, and act as a resource in interaction with other significant spheres of living. The experience of family relations can change the work of visual and auditory analyzers. These changes are central, psychogenic. In addition, family relations can influence the work of the respiratory system in adolescents. The constructiveness of the process of their experiencing family relations reflects the richness, acceleration of internal time, as well as the high interest in their experiencing and the strength of experience, pleasant bodily sensations in analyzing family relations, high level of imagery and associativity in describing them, and strong emotional reactions. The theoretical significance of the study is determined by the contribution of its results to general psychology (development of the basic category of experience), developmental psychology of the adolescence crisis, and family psychology. The obtained results can be applied in the practice of psychological counseling for adolescents, paying attention to the dialectics in relations with parents, comprehension of details, and recreating the brightness of the impression on family relations in an adolescent.
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The article deals with Eastern systems of self-development as a socio-psychological phenomenon and the component of sociocultural environment. The concept of social environment, cultural environment and social group is considered. The Eastern systems of self-development are also examined as a new social group. The author analyzes the prerequisites for the spread of Eastern systems of self-development in an initially alien socio-cultural environment. The processes of globalization can not but influence the formation of new social groups, and the author also considers the spread of Eastern systems of self-development and the formation of Eastern systems of self-development as new social groups in the context of the localizing world. What social and psychological burden can be borne both by the process of globalization and by the active use of Eastern systems of selfdevelopment in an alien socio-cultural environment.
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This article presents some results of an empirical research on the topic of bullying at school. The results describe the sample according to the ways of bullying at school, the usual places where it occurs and the distribution of this phenomenon among the students in particular school in Sofia (Bulgaria). The results and analysis of the results are presented in two parts: general results and results by gender. Poll and statistical methods are used in the research. The results of the empirical research are representative for the studied school and orientative for the schools in Bulgaria.
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Taking in to account characteristics of adolescence a period of development and specific conditions of growing up in the territory of Kosovo and Metohija, we have tried to examine loneliness and anomia, in our paper, using the sample of young people who live and/or study in Kosovo and Metohija (Н=130, students of first year of studies and pupils of final grades of secondary schools). Loneliness is defined as an unpleasant state (emotionally and motivationally) due to the inability of satisfying need for intimacy, love and belonging. Anomia ison psychology level manifest eda samess of aims, feeling of hopelessness, passivity and so on.The aim of this research his to examine mutual relation between loneliness and anomia, as well as relation with financial state, educational level of parents and success at school. The objectives of there search are to determine differences in manifesting of loneliness and anomia in regard to sex and place of residence. Instruments: Scale of anomia, Short version of UCLA scale of loneliness and Questionnaire of basic data. Results show that young people have lower value of loneliness and significant anomia as well as high positive relation between loneliness and anomia, which means that the adolescents with anomia are lonelier. No significant relation between anomia and loneliness between financial state, educational level of parents and success at school is found, neither is significant difference between manifested anomia and loneliness in regard to their sex and place of residence of the young people.
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The article presents data from the survey of 12-15 years-old students. The data show that students do not experience strong emotions during class. 79,1% of students would be absent from class if they are feeling tension. At the same time, 69,7% of students never or very seldom would be left demonstratively the classes. These data clearly show the attitude of students to control their negative emotions in accordance to the requirements of the teacher to them. The educational status of the mother doesn’t influence the type of emotional behavior.
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Introduction. This article focuses on the system analysis and comparative analysis of different classifications of personality disorders on the basis of the phenomenological approach, as well as search for new methodological foundations for the study and description of the prob-lem of personality disorders. Сlassifications of K. Schneider, P. B. Gannushkin, A. E. Lichko, K. Leongard, N. Mac-Williams, F. Riman are considered; correlation of types which description allows to consider them similar is proved. Relying on large-scale data analysis of different systems of personality disorders` typologies, the article points to the systemic deficiencies of the classical phenomenological-descriptive approach, to some extent used in the creation of the most of the existing classifications. It doesn`t take into account the fact that human behavior is adapted relative to the strata of society and professional deformation, as well as the growth of systems of classifications connected with their empirical character. The criticism of classical clinical approaches for lack of deep levels of the phenomenological reduction obligatory in the corresponding methodology is given. Materials and Methods. The phenomenological reduction allows not to address real behavior, but mention only subjective – truly human in the person that opens new opportunities both to study, and therapy of personal features is normal and in pathology. Results. The author also proposes her own, entirely new criteria for the consideration of personality disorders in the psychological and medical discourses, based not on the external manifestations of the disorder in the behavior of the individuals, but rather on the leading paradigms in their relation to the world and the self. Such approach proceeds from the concept of identity – it is much more concrete category, besides much more flexible and less burdened by various low-compatible interpretations. In confirmation of this thesis the analysis of different interpretations of identity is carried out, their correlation is shown. Conclusions. The phenomenological model constructed on truly ontologic base is described. In functional system of coordinates of the vital world, in which the personality both normal, and abnormal can be described, two axes of interaction with the vital world are allocated, each of which has two directions of development – relationship with category World (hysteroid – compulsive), relationship with category We (melancholic – schizoid).
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The purpose of the article is to study the phenomenon of physical culture and its impact on the development of the individual and the formation of consciousness of the population of the state. The methodology of the research is based on the application of comparative and analytical methods for studying the phenomenon of physical culture and its impact on the development of personality. The scientific novelty of the obtained results consists of the substantiation of physical culture as a phenomenon of personality development in modern society. Conclusions. Study of physical culture as a phenomenon of personality development was determined by historical and socio-political, socio-cultural conditions of life of society. Society has no more effective means by which it would be possible to physically and psychologically prepare people for new living and working conditions. It is the content of physical culture that is a prerequisite for its harmonious development, which should include: health promotion; development of physical qualities; improvement of posture; removal of nervous tension and mental fatigue after training and work; improvement of the functional capabilities of the organism; achievement of high sports results; maintenance of high working capacity; getting pleasure from motor activity; the formation of motor skills and skills, etc. Thus, in order to increase the effectiveness of the phenomenon of physical culture in the process of development of the individual, it is necessary to improve the organization, content, means and methods of exercise by physical exercises, aimed at forming a positive motivation and orientation of the individual to the values of physical culture and to systematic physical exercises.
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The article deals with main stages of genesis of perfectionism on three levels. At the micro-level the author revealed an importance of personal qualities that have an influence on the development of perfectionism. In addition, the author gave the characteristic of family factors and analyzed parental guidance styles. At the meso-level the author described an influence of the nearest society (schools, professional environment) on the development of perfectionism. Macro-level is characterized by the culture and media.
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