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This article is a review of the book „How are we aging in Bulgaria? First results for Bulgaria from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE 2020/2021), Waves 7 & 8“edited by Ekaterina L. Markova and Gabriela M. Yordano-va.
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This article is dedicated to Maria Grzegorzewska – an outstanding creator of the Polish school of special pedagogy, initiator, founder, and long-time director of the oldest university in Poland training special educators, and one of the most outstanding women in psychology of the 20th century, honored by the Sejm of the Republic of Poland on the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Academy of Special Pedagogy with the honorable title of Patroness of the year 2022. It presents the most important facts about her life and activities, the origins of her scientific interests, the sources of her creativity that determined how to coped with the challenges related to realizingher vocation to serve people with disabilities, her contribution to the development of various areas of culture and science, and the extraordinary power of influence on colleagues and students, thanks to which the knowledge system she created remains valid today and can set the direction for the further development of pedagogy and related disciplines.
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Bullying is a complex and heterogeneous phenomenon that directly affects hundreds of people each year. The importance of the phenomenon has led to several researches in the last two decades, thus being carried out hundreds if not thousands of works on this subject. In research into the psychological effects of bullying, both among adults and children, long-term exposure to abusive, hostile behaviors has been associated with a wide range of adverse health effects, including both psychological and somatic effects. The main impediment in establishing a clear link between bullying and post-traumatic stress is methodological in nature - in order to assess whether bullying actions at school or at work can lead to the installation of symptoms, longitudinal studies with fundamentally representative groups are needed. The level of aggression must be analyzed with the help of valid tools as well as the correlation of factors such as personality, early psychopathology, hereditary disposition, stressors as well as the social support that the subjects benefit from.
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In addition to family and school, the peer group is a crucial element for defining personal identity during the transition period from childhood to adulthood. Through this, the adolescent has the opportunity to be outside the safe family environment, in a process of autonomy and diversification, and to experience an equal type of socialization, capable of fulfilling a multiplicity of functions, which takes place on several levels. At the individual level, friendships provide the context conducive to the growth and development of self and personal identity, through forms of emotional involvement and sharing of meanings; at the relational level - encourages the expansion of individual interests, the enrichment of knowledge through the set of own and others' expectations, in this way forming their own opinions; at the social level - provides protection against fears related to the changes that take place during this period, allowing the realization of a sense of security and trust, of fundamental importance, thus compensating for the need for recognition, support and validation. The work represents an analysis of the phenomenon of relationality through the lens of gender and ethnicity among Moldovan teenagers in Italy.
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In the literature in the field, we explore terminological controversies and the diversity of meanings given to creativity based on several authors. We mention the fact that an enormous amount has been written on the topic of creativity. We do not believe that there is another field of scientific research more quantitatively prolific and with a comparably short history. The protagonists of the creativity community come from extremely different epistemological horizons (pedagogy, cognitive psychology, social psychology, parapsychological, psycho-pedagogy of excellence or talents, art criticism, but also business, medicine, engineering, economic sciences, religion, etc.) suggesting a diffuse field, either excessively permissive to amateurs, or, on the contrary, reserved only for some, over-specialized in one aspect of the creativity phenomenon.
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The current understanding of compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) is primarily based on studies involving non-clinical samples of heterosexual men, resulting in significant gaps in knowledge regarding women with CSBD. The commentary highlights the domains where further research is necessary, including incidence and prevalence, etiology, diagnostic criteria, comorbidities, sexual patterns, personality profiles, and barriers to help-seeking among women with CSBD. Bridging this research gap is essential for improving clinical care, developing tailored interventions, and increasing awareness about CSBD in women among healthcare providers, policymakers, and the general public.
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Gambling Disorder (GD) is an impactful behavioural addiction for which there appear to be underpinning genetic contributors. Twin studies show significant GD heritability results and intergenerational transmission show high rates of transmission. Recent developments in polygenic and multifactorial risk prediction modelling provide promising opportunities to enable early identification and intervention for at risk individuals. People with GD often have significant delays in diagnosis and subsequent help-seeking that can compromise their recovery. In this paper we advocate for more research into the utility of polygenic and multifactorial risk modelling in GD research and treatment programs and rigorous evaluation of its costs and benefits.
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Introduction: The overall prevalence of gambling problems across prison populations is currently unknown. The objective of the present study was therefore to quantitatively synthetize prevalence estimates of gambling problems in prison populations using a random effects meta-analytic model and to investigate if the estimates were moderated by time frame, cut-off levels, and sample size. Methods: To be included the studies had to report original data on the prevalence of gambling problems in a prison sample and to be written in a European language, whereas data based on abstracts or qualitative reports were excluded. The search ended on December 1, 2023 and were conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, Cinahl, PsycINFO, Embase, Google Scholar, Grey Literature Report, and GreyNet. Risk of bias was assessed with a standardized 10-item measure for epidemiological studies. Results: A total of 26 studies comprising 9,491 participants were included. The vast majority of the participants were males. The most commonly used instrument for assessment of gambling problems was the South Oaks Gambling Screen. The pooled random-effects gambling problems prevalence estimate was 30.8% (95% CI 5 25.1–37.3). The meta-regression analysis showed that none of the three moderator variables (criteria, timeframe, sample size) were related to the gambling problems prevalence. Common limitations of the included studies entailed not being representative nationally or for the target population, lack of randomization, and low response rate. The meta-analysis was restricted to studies published in a European language. Conclusions: Overall, the studies show that 1 in 3 prisoners has gambling problems and suggests that more emphasis on relevant prevention and treatment is warranted for this population. The study was funded by the Norwegian Competence Center for Gambling and Gaming Research and pre-registered at PROSPERO (CRD42023390552).
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Background and objectives: Work addiction (WA), characterized by dimensions such as overcommitment, difficulties in detachment from work, and work-life imbalance, is presumed to be associated with increased smartphone usage, even during risky activities like driving. The study investigated the connection between WA and future problematic and hazardous smartphone use, considering personality factors: anxiety, rumination, and worry. Methods: A three-wave longitudinal study (N 5 1,866) was conducted from March to July 2019, June to September 2020, and June to November 2021, involving a representative sample of 18-34-year-old residents in Hungary’s capital. The study employed Hungarian versions of the Bergen Work Addiction Scale, Problematic Mobile Phone Use Questionnaire, Ruminative Response Scale, Anxiety subscale of the Brief Symptom Inventory 18, and Penn-State Worry Questionnaire. Additionally, author-developed questions on mobile phone use while driving were included. Results: At baseline, those at risk for WA showed more frequent mobile phone use while driving at both time points 2 and 3 compared to the non-risk group. Path analyses revealed rumination, anxiety at time 1, and worry at time 2 as significant mediators between baseline WA and mobile phone use while driving at time 3. However, when analyzing all three mediators together, only anxiety at time 1 and worry at time 2 remained significant. Discussion and conclusion: This study demonstrates that WA predicts future mobile phone use while driving through mediation by anxiety and worry. Our findings add to the growing evidence highlighting the detrimental aspects of WA, emphasizing the need for improved prevention and treatment strategies.
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Background and aims: The current research aimed to discover classification concerning problematic smartphone use in children. Furthermore, to investigate their longitudinal trajectories, as well as to discover the connection concerning problematic smartphone usage by individual, parental, and school factors. Methods: A total of 2,399 South Korean children who were in the 4th grade (female 1,206 (50.3%), age 10–13 years) at baseline. Latent class growth analysis was utilized to discover typologies in problematic smartphone use and their longitudinal trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to find various associations among problematic smartphone use and individual, parental, as well as school factors. Results: The results identified three distinct trajectories of problematic smartphone use: (1) a high-level group (7.7%), (2) a mid-increasing group (62.5%), and (3) a low-increasing group (29.8%). The increasing group showed the highest level of problematic smartphone use. Gender, self-esteem, social withdrawal, exercise, parental inconsistency, monthly income, and teacher support were significant predictors. Discussion and Conclusions: The findings suggest that there are distinct developmental trajectories concerning problematic smartphone usage of childhood. The results show that the early discovery of children in danger of problematic smartphone use and targeted interventions aimed at reducing parental inconsistency and social withdrawal, improving self-esteem, exercise, and teacher support may be effective strategies for preventing problematic smartphone usage during childhood.
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Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) intervention in reducing problematic mobile phone use, depression, and sleep disorders among adolescents. Additionally, it sought to investigate whether the decrease in problematic mobile phone use acted as a mediator in the relationship between the MBCT intervention and adolescent depression and sleep disorders. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, a total of 104 adolescents were randomly assigned to the mindfulness group (n 5 52) or the wait-list control group (n 5 52). The mindfulness group students completed eight 45-min sessions of mindfulness training in four weeks. The outcomes were measured at baseline, postintervention, and at the 2-month follow-up. Results: Compared with the control group, the mindfulness group had significantly greater levels of mindfulness and lower levels of problematic mobile phone use, depression, and sleep disorders postintervention. The intervention effects were maintained at the 2-month follow-up. In addition, decreased problematic mobile phone use significantly mediated the association between the MBCT intervention and decreased depression and decreased sleep disorders. Conclusion: The findings suggest that MBCT could improve adolescent depression and sleep disorders and that decreasing problematic mobile phone use is an effective pathway accounting for the MBCT intervention effect on adolescent depression and sleep disorders.
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Background and aims: Internet addiction has been linked to ADHD-related symptoms. However, the direction of the relationship and its potential for reciprocal relations is not well understood. This study examined the potential reciprocal relations between the three components of ADHD and Internet addiction, as well as the moderating effects of gender on these relations. Methods: Using a longitudinal design, we collected data of 865 Chinese adolescents across three waves (Mage 5 13.78, SD 5 1.56 in wave 1), with a time interval of 6 months. Results: Cross-lagged analyses revealed bidirectional associations between hyperactivity, inattention, impulsivity, and Internet addiction over time. Multi-group analyses did not yield any significant gender differences in these relationships. Discussion and conclusions: These findings enhance our understanding of the complex link between ADHD components and Internet addiction and have implications for interventions aimed at reducing the prevalence of Internet addiction and ADHD.
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Hamur Inspiration Community (HIC) is a forum for broken home adolescents in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, which runs the survivor broken home movement focusing on self-development and mental strengthening. Collective identity is essential for social movements to run since it can build bonds among the members. This study aims to determine how the HIC fostered a collective identity framed as a broken home survivors' movement. Then focuses on the communication strategies used in social media to construct HIC's collective identity for the public. This study used a qualitative method with a virtual ethnographic approach and purposive sampling. The findings show that the collective identity formation process follows some steps to form an identity as a superior and inspiring adolescent. Those steps are (1). Involving in both online and offline activities, (2). Determining the organization form and leadership model, and (3). Investing emotionally by making its members a part of the community. A communication strategy is needed to construct the collective identity of the social movement. It can be done using both side issue messages that combine the communicator’s (HIC) perspective and the audience's opinion. Delivery of messages uses the redundancy method with message repetition, while the message content is informative and educative. Instagram has become the primary media to convey messages, and the role of the communicator is spreading messages, replying to comments, and involving readers in the communication. This study suggests how social media and communication strategies construct a social movement's collective identity.
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Forced migration – today a major global phenomenon – marks the shift in focus specifically on the status of refugees. She highlights certain parts of this potentially traumatic experience and sees it as a kind of displacement for the purpose of resettlement to a new country. Armed attacks on countries have led to instability not only territorially but also internationally. The Russian-initiated war against Ukraine has created tensions on the borders with Turkey, Poland and Romania, but has also put direct pressure on the European Union, which was already facing its biggest wave of migration since World War II. The conflict has degenerated in such a way that it has created countless traumas, dividing families, endangering the entire safety and security of the powerless (elderly, children, women, disabled people and young people), but also of those who were forced, being healthy, to go in the middle of armed conflict. The article presents reflections on trauma and resilience processes, combining general theoretical ideas with those of transactional analysis.
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As they age, older people face significant health challenges influenced by both external factors such as social and environmental elements, and internal factors such as biological decline. Focusing on the mental health of the elderly, we see that disorders such as anxiety, depression and insomnia can occur at this stage, with a significant impact on the quality of life. We also bring in attention some of the social influences on the mentioned illnesses, such as social isolation, widowhood, inability to meet with peers or death of friends and neighbours. These challenges require a personalised and careful approach to the care of the elderly, bearing in mind that the elderly are exposed to a wide range of health problems and risks.
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The types of organizational conflict vary with different situations and relationship parties. Personal (intrapersonal) conflict relates to the individual itself, being the sole source of conflict occurring within the individual. It doesn't necessarily require the presence of other individuals. In some cases, the effects of this conflict may extend to others within or outside the organization when the individual's condition deteriorates, leading to unconscious behaviours that alter others' perceptions of them. Interpersonal conflict occurs between individuals and involves multiple parties. It can happen between a manager and their subordinates, between a manager and their deputy, or among groups of individuals due to differences in opinions and attitudes towards a specific phenomenon. This type of conflict can also occur between groups, involving various levels and encompassing a large group within the organization. Conflict might arise between different work units, departments, or organizations due to differences in viewpoints, fair resource distribution, or difficulties in defining responsibilities among different units, leading to conflict between these groups or organizations, known as 'inter-organizational conflict.' Due to the significance of this issue, we wanted to shed light on this phenomenon by focusing on its methods, tools, the reasons behind its occurrence within organizations, as well as its management strategies. Additionally, we will also focus on its effects, whether positive or negative.
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Точното определяне на явлението фантазия в психологическата литература е предизвикателство и често бива подчинено на целите на изследване. Фантазията означава дейността на въобразяване, изграждане и взаимодействие с вътрешни образи и съдържания (представи, усещания), както и производните на дейността творчески форми и нови идеи. Склонност към фантазиране диференцира индивидуалните способности в опита на фантазиране. Докладът предлага подход към фантазията като смисловa структура от преживявания, значения и цели в психичната активност на въобразяване. Настоящата работа представя резултати от проведено за първи път в българска социо-културна среда качествено изследване върху схващания за фантазия и фантазиране. Данните са събрани чрез метода на полуструктурирано интервю, конструирано за целите на проучването. Проведени са общо 27 интервюта с изследваните (средна възраст в извадката: 42.8 г.) 11 мъже, 15 жени, и 1 момче на 7 г. Резултатите показват универсално присъствие на явлението в живота на личността и възприятие за фантазията като пространство на недостижимото в реалността. Откроява се централна роля на желанието като източник на фантазиране и стремеж към преживяване на вълнения в съзнанието. Правят впечатление вариации в позицията на активност във въобразеното (активна и пасивна) и запазване на критичност към преживяванията. Фантазирането се обособява като интимно възприятие свързано с позитивни изживявания на копнеж, отдих и вълнуващи усещания. Открива се разбиране за трудности в преживявания на въображението и рискове, свързани с прекомерно ангажиране с въобразеното. Представени са данни за употребяваните думи и изразни средства в описание на субективните схващания за значението на фантазия и преживяванията на фантазиране. Получените резултати подкрепят изследователските усилия в изграждане на теоретичен модел на психологическо изследване на структурата на явлението фантазия и функциите на въобразяването в психичното преживяване и взаимодействие със средата.
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The modern lifestyle unfolds in a stressful environment, and scientific research on stress reduction methods provides valuable insights that can enhance the quality of life. One method that stands out based on research is exercise. In this paper, we analyze the benefits of exercise for the modern individual. The field that addresses this topic is Exercise Psychology, a distinct and independent scientific discipline, highlighting its significance in contemporary society. Special attention is paid to explaining the relationships between concepts such as exercise and mental health. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the mental benefits of exercise for the modern individual.
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Background: Aggression is one of the important problems of psychosocial functioning, but it is also an area of physical and mental health among children and adolescents. The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of spiritual sensitivity as a mediator in the relationship between empathy and aggression in a group of school children and adolescents.Participants and procedure: The study included 281 children and adolescents (54% were girls) aged 9–14 years. The study procedure consisted of completing three questionnaires measuring spiritual sensitivity, empathy and aggression. The structural equation modeling using maximum likelihood estimation were used to determine the relationship between variables.Results: Our results suggest that spiritual sensitivity may mediate the relationship between empathy and aggression. Including spiritual sensitivity in the model reduced the negative relationship between the independent and dependent variables, indicating full mediation.Conclusions: In conclusion, the present study has provided some findings suggesting that spiritual sensitivity may indeed be one of the possible mechanisms by which religiosity leads to positive behavioral outcomes. The findings suggest that such internal factors may be important in leveling aggression and that focusing solely on environmental and situational influences may not fully capture individual differences in thinking, emotions and behavior.
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Ovim istraživanjem autor se usmjerio na traganje za osobinama ličnosti adolescenata koje u većem stepenu determiniraju korištenje društvenih mreža i različitih oblika ponašanja na društvenim mrežama. Istraživanje je provedeno na prigodnom uzorku od N=349 učenika trećih i četvrtih razreda iz četiri srednje škole s područja Tuzlanskog kantona. U istraživanju je korišten upitnik sociodemografskih podataka s integrisanim dijelom vezanim za ispitivanje učestalosti korištenja interneta i društvenih mreža, te različitih oblika ponašanja na internetu i društvenim mrežama. Za ispitivanje osobina ličnosti korišten je BFI inventar ličnosti. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata, utvrđeno je da se 98,9% adolescenata koristi internetom u raznim oblicima (kod kuće, u školi, u pokretu), a vrijeme provedeno uz internet na dnevnom nivou prosječno iznosi M = 3,73 (Sd = 3,32). Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da se adolescenti, koji se svakodnevno koriste društvenim mrežama, od svojih vršnjaka, koji društvene mreže ne koriste ili ih koriste u manjoj mjeri, razlikuju po nivou ekstraverzije. Sa ekstraverzijom je na značajnom nivou povezan i broj sati koje adolescenti provedu na društvenim mrežama.
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