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The article concerns the meaning and functions of genealogy in Jewish tradition within the compass of nearly three thousand years. Having discussed the key notions (especially toldot and jichus), the author presents the following problems: genealogical texts of various functions (from ideological in character constructions to censuses) which appear in the Bible; preserving the purity of the lineage by Levi’s descendants, especially priests, and continuation of this tradition until the present; accepting new values in the post biblical period – learnedness and merits of the ancestors – treated as advantages in the lineage; formation of elite families in European diaspora starting from the 14th century and their tendency to demonstrate that they have outstanding ancestors, which corresponded with an abundant production of lineages, often unreal, dating back to king David and other biblical characters; religious Jewish historiography and its connections with genealogy in the period from the beginning of the 19th century to the holocaust; elements used in traditional inscriptions of personal data and examples inscriptions including extensive lists of ancestors; the character of genealogical investigations after the Second World War, especially an increase in interests, documentation and editorial activity.
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History of a Hungarian woman, Tünde Szentes, in Hungary and in France. She comes from a Catholic family in Hungary, but in 1968 she goes to France where she asks for political asylum. In France she discovers Judaism.
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Review of "An Unfinished Memory: Jewish Heritage and the Holocaust in Eastern Galicia." Permanent Exhibition at the Galicia Jewish Museum, Kraków, Poland.
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A Conversation with Andrzej Żbikowski, Polish historian and researcher with the Jewish Historical Institute and professor at the Centre for East European Studies at Warsaw University.
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In pre-1939 Poland, there existed the biggest Jewish diaspora in the world (numbered 3.5 million people). It was also the most important centre of Jewish culture. Unfortunately, as a result of the Holocaust, only a small part of the Jewish cultural heritage survived until nowadays. Only about 400 thousand of Jews survived. Despite this fact, in the years 1946–1950 Jewish institutions – the Central Committee of Jews in Poland and The Jewish Society of Promoting of Fine Arts among others – were engaged in gathering and saving objects of Jewish religious art, fine arts and crafts, books, documents and others. They were gathered mostly at the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw and also as museum collections. Unfortunately, the origins of these objects haven’t been sufficiently investigated. The accession to the European Union obligated the Polish government to adopt the international agreements connected with the Jewish heritage in Poland: Washington Conference 1998, Resolution of the Council of Europe no. 1205, 1999 as well as Vilnius Declaration 2000 and Terezin Declaration 2009. According to those agreements, in the years 2009–2011 the Ministry of Cultural and National Heritage took efforts to prepare museums to lead provenance research, however unsuccessfully. Nowadays, according to my research, a large number of Polish museums does not carry out any provenance research of objects of unknown origin which may have belong to the Jewish heritage. The main reasons for that are: weak interest in provenance problems and their relation to the Polish and Jewish cultural heritage, too many demands and aims to achieve by museums, luck of funds, fear of restitution, and, last but not least, a weak support of the Ministry of Cultural and National Heritage. Nevertheless, it appears that benefits of the provenance research are more important than the fear of it. First of all, such research contributes to the development of the humanities in Poland, especially art history. Further, it increases trust of Polish and non-Polish citizens in cultural institutions and the government. The fulfillment of the international resolutions mentioned above would improve the image of Poland in the European Union.
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The task of this article based on research which took place in Newham College in London in 2006-2009 was to show what kind of attitudes have Muslim students in Newham College towards pre-marital gender relationships, arranged marriage, forced marriage, polygamy, and equal rights for men and women regarding divorce. Very few Muslims supported the idea of cohabitation. Muslims born outside the UK felt more strongly than Muslims born in the UK, with over half of Muslim males and over three quarters of Muslim females agreeing that cohabitation was not acceptable. The students were asked if they thought that arranged marriages should be allowed in the UK. One hundred short interviews showed that almost all Muslim students were expecting an arranged marriage. However, nineteen percent of Muslims when answering the questionnaire said that arranged marriages should not be allowed in the UK. In Islam a man can divorce his wife without the necessity of going to court. Nearly fifty-four percent of Muslims students thought that men and women should have equal rights and a woman should be able to divorce her husband. It is significant that as many as seventy five percent of Muslim females born in the UK strongly support women’s rights to instigate divorce. This is twenty-five percent more than Muslim females born abroad. Muslim males are less inclined to agree. It is noticeable that only about a quarter of the Muslim males questioned were in favour of polygamy – 23.8 of those born in UK and 25.8 of those born outside UK while considerably less females agreed – only 13.8% of those born in the UK and even less 6.9% of those born outside the UK. The majority of the Muslim young women when asked: Would you be happy if your husband wanted a second wife were very adamant when they answered “No, I wouldn’t agree”.
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The article deals with the collection of English poetry by German-Jewish poet Rose Ausländer “The Forbidden Tree”, written between 1947 and 1956 during these exile years in New York. Among literature researches there are several versions about the reasons for the shift of language by the author, these versions are post-war trauma, loss of her mother or practical approach in positioning of her poetry in a new language environment. English poetry by Rose Ausländer is considered to be a transitional link between traditional pre-war and free verse poems written after 1957. In this publication there are examples of stylistic influences on Rose Ausländer’s writing by M. Moore, E. E. Cummings, T. S. Eliot, W. Stevens and other American Modernist poets. Generally speaking, in her English poetry Ausländer gradually loses rhyme, the rhythm becomes free, the author experiments with poetic forms a lot, until she decides for the free verse poetry and continues to write quite so in German. Like E. E. Cummings, Pose Ausländer tries different forms and usage of punctuation; like Marianne Moore, she addresses meditative poems with high attention to details. We can observe direct correspondence in dedication of some poems to the American modernist poets. Poetry written by Rose Ausländer during this period, was published in 1995 Helmut Braun in a collection entitled “The Forbidden Tree”. There are 190 poems in this poetry collection, placed in the alphabetical order.
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The article takes into consideration referring to the connections of two fundamental features of creativity of Hanna Krall, a reporter, who narrates about the Shoah, as the connection proves vital to attempts at characterising her field of activity and at understanding literary output. Both a report (broadly understood as a literary genre, writing method and even realisation of ethical stance) and the theme of extermination impose on her certain requirements and limitations. Not only being a match for them, but first and foremost transgressing them for great literature determines the specificity of her creativity. Looking at the problems, the author of the article strives to analyse and interpret the text "Powieść dla Hollywoodu" ("A Tale for Hollywood") from the collection "Hipnoza" ("Hypnosis"). Included in it reflection over her own field of activity allows to regard the report as a peculiar kind of programmatic manifesto formulated in the initial phase of her writing about the fortune of the Jewish people.
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The publication contains Jakub Goldszmit’s 11 letters to Eliza Orzeszkowa: one dated 1881, three from the year 1882, two written in 1884, two in 1885, one from 1887, one from 1894 and one from 1909. Three letters dated 1881 and a comprehensive introduction to the collection was included into “Pamiętnik Literacki” (“Literary Memoir”) in 2015 issue 3. The correspondence refers mainly to “Kalendarz dla Izraelitów” (“Calendar for the Israelites”) issued by Goldszmit with Orzeszkowa’s statements about Jewish issues and other initiatives of Orzeszkowa and Goldszmit connected with the matters. The last three letters document the biography of Goldszmit, Janusz Korczak’s paternal uncle: his forced emigration from political reasons and settling in the USA. They also call for further research into the problem of American reception of Orzeszkowa’s creativity.
More...Rec.: Zuzanna Kołodziejska, „Izraelita” (1866–1915). Znaczenie kulturowe i literackie czasopisma. (Kraków 2014). „Studia Polsko-Żydowskie”
The text reviews a monograph of Warsaw weekly “Izraelita” (“Izraelita” <1866–1915>; “Israelite” <1866–1915>) by Zuzanna Kołodziejska, the first comprehensive discussion on the most crucial Jewish integrationist circles periodical. The book’s three main parts bring the characteristics of the press, political journalism analysis and – against its background – a presentation of integrationist Polish-Jewish literature published in the periodical in question.
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»Slučaj Heidegger« nedavno je proširen za novo poglavlje. Za razliku od razotkrivanja prošlosti, ovaj put se u dvostrukome smislu radilo o presudnom poglavlju, s jedne strane, jer je trebalo odlučiti o odavna otvorenoj kontroverzi, s druge, jer se odnosi na Heideggerovu odluku tridesetih i četrdesetih godina. Crne bilježnice, koje je priredio Peter Trawny, a objavio Klostermann, sadrže ono neizrečeno, što su neki već slutili, i ono ne i nemišljeno, čemu su se mnogi nadali.
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The article attempts to deconstruct the dominant Polish discourse regarding the ‘Polish-Jewish relations’. Its central igures are: the logic of the golden mean as a tool to reach historical truth, symmetrisation of Polish and Jewish wrongs and faults, and hospitality as the prevalent attitude of Poles towards Jews. The authors show its opinion forming power using three examples: a review of Paweł Pawlikowski’s ilm Ida, the reception of the POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews, and a discussion on the Righteous monuments, which were to be erected in Warsaw.
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David Silberklang, Gates of Tears: The Holocaust in the Lublin District, Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2013, 497 s. Bartosz Kwieciński, Obrazy i klisze. Między biegunami wizualnej pamięci Zagłady, Kraków: Universitas, 2012, 339 s. Katarzyna Mąka-Malatyńska, Widok z tej strony. Przedstawienia Holocaustu w polskim ilmie, Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2012, 323 s. Paweł Wolski, Tadeusz Borowski – Primo Levi. Prze-pisywanie literatury Holocaustu, Wydawnictwo IBL PAN, Warszawa 2013, 362 s. Aleksandra Ubertowska, Holokaust. Auto(tanato)graie, seria „Nowa Humanistyka”, t. 15, Warszawa: Instytut Badań Literackich PAN, 2014, 367 s. Bartłomiej Krupa, Opowiedzieć Zagładę. Polska proza i historiografia wobec Holocaustu (1987–2003), Kraków: Universitas, 2013, 568 s. Andrea Löw, Marcus [sic!] Roth, Krakowscy Żydzi pod okupacją niemiecką 1939–1945, tłum. Ewa Kowania, Kraków: Universitas, 2014, 274 s. Elżbieta Rączy, Zagłada Żydów w dystrykcie krakowskim w latach 1939–1945, Rzeszów 2014: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, 405 s. Peter Longerich, Himmler. Buchalter śmierci, tłum. Sebastian Szymański, Jarosław Skowroński, Warszawa: Prószyński i S-ka, 2014, 960 s. Patrick Montague, Chełmno. Pierwszy nazistowski obóz zagłady, tłum. Tomasz S. Gałązka, Wołowiec: Wydawnictwo Czarne, 2014, 415 s. Rachel Feldhay Brenner, The Ethics of Witnessing. The Holocaust in Polish Writers’ Diaries from Warsaw, 1939–1945, Evantson, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2014, 198 s. Christian Ingrao, Wierzyć i niszczyć. Intelektualiści w machinie wojennej SS, tłum. Magdalena Kamińska-Maurugeon, Wołowiec: Wydawnictwo Czarne, 2013, 608 s. Sönke Neitzel, Harald Welzer, Żołnierze. Protokoły walk, zabijania i umierania, tłum. Viktor Grotowicz, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Krytyki Politycznej, 2014, 400 s. (Kon)Teksty pamięci. Antologia, red. Kornelia Kończal, seria: „Biblioteka Kultury Współczesnej”, Warszawa: Narodowe Centrum Kultury, 2014, 440 s. Andrzej Leder, Prześniona rewolucja. Ćwiczenia z logiki historycznej, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Krytyki Politycznej, 2014, 204 s. Dawid Sierakowiak, Dziennik. Pięć zeszytów z łódzkiego getta, redakcja i wprowadzenie Alan Adelson, opracowanie i dodatkowe przypisy Kamil Turowski, przedmowa Lawrence L. Langer, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Marginesy, 2015, 400 s. Timothy Snyder, Black Earth: The Holocaust as History and Warning, New York: Tim Duggan Books, 2015, 480 s. (wyd. polskie: Czarna ziemia. Holokaust jako ostrzeżenie, tłum. Bartłomiej Pietrzyk, Kraków: Znak, 2015, 448 s.) Encyklopedia getta. Niedokończony projekt archiwistów z getta łódzkiego, wydali: Krystyna Radziszewska, Ewa Wiatr, Adam Sitarek, Jacek Walicki, Monika Polit, przy współpracy Piotra Zawilskiego, Łódź: Uniwersytet Łódzki, Archiwum Państwowe w Łodzi, Żydowski Instytut Historyczny, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2015, 332 s.
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Draga braćo, dragi prijatelji Alžira, Palestine, Izraela!... Pišem vam ovo nekoliko redaka da vam se javim. Možda ste se zbog mene uznemirili. Jednostavan sam čovjek, vi to znate, pisac koji nikada nije želio drugo do li da vam ispriča priče, ≫da ne kažem kakve priče≪, kao što je govorio moj prijatelj filmadžija Jean Pierre Lledo, ali, eto, ljudi su odlučili umiješati se u naše bratske i prijateljske veze i od mene, u vašim očima, načiniti predmet skandala.
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