Родният диалект – познат и непознат. Съвместен проект на млади изследователи и Ученическия институт на БАН

Author(s): Marina Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

This report presents the activities of a small research community under the project of the School Institute of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (SchI-BAS), Small Research Communities programme. The project’s authors won first place from the humanities in SchI-BAS’s 2018 session. Their project (Presentday states of some Bulgarian dialects) presents dialect features in the villages of Tsalapitsa and Lyaskovo, district of Smolyan. In the course of the research process, the young researchers got to know their birth places, mother dialect features and the specifics of Dialectology. Thus their activity turned from a challenge into an opportunity to discover – through research – knowledge about mother dialects and skills related to processing language material.

За светлината, която излъчва… В памет на проф. д.п.н. Асемгул Малдажанова

Author(s): Irina Koleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

Информация, информатизация и образование – проблеми и перспективи

Author(s): Chavdar L. Milkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

Informatization of the education system is the most reliable and promising innovation opportunity for the 21st century school. It can and should become the foundation for the process of global informatization of the entire community, as information and communication technologies (ICTs) place learners of all types and levels of school facing new intellectual challenges and make the learning process more flexible and effective, space and access to information. Informatization of the educational system, as a process, must go beyond that ofother super structural phenomena in society, since the social, psychological, general cultural, moral and ethical and professional prerequisites for informatization of the whole society are built up at the school and the university. Only a person trained in the skills and desires for the realization of humanistic social ideas, possessing the spirit of new technologies, with innovative thinking, will be able to change society through its activity in material and spiritual production.

Училището на границата между две култури

Author(s): Valentina Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

This academic article aims to present some of the educational practices which a school, founded in 2000, implements. The very first year of the new millennium calls for greater responsibility in creating a modern school with an up-to-date infrastructure as well as for a learning model ahead of its time. Teachers are well aware that they are working on the boundary between two cultures – paper versus digital, and thus organize their teaching methods in accordance with the profile of today's student

Часът на класа – възможност за формиране на интеркултурна компетентност в началните класове

Author(s): Ekaterina Tomova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

This article attempts to outline various possibilities of the form “tutor session” to form an intercultural competence in the elementary classes. The author emphasizes on the axiological parameters of this process and its realization in the real pedagogy practice.

Изследване на приложението на инструменти за електронно обучение в български и чуждестранни университети

Author(s): Petar Todorov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2021

Over the past two years, the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus has put to the test all spheres of life not only in Bulgaria but also worldwide. It can be claimed that the educational sector has acted adequately and has been able to deal with the challenge. The article presents research on the implementation of various e-learning tools by Bulgarian and foreign universities. The research was conducted at the beginning of the pandemic caused by COVID-19 by surveying students and lecturers. It turns out that despite the plethora of e-learning tools, at many universities, even in technologically advanced countries such as China, in most cases, education is delivered through distance learning and course management systems, for instance Moodle. The research objective is to ascertain the degree of implementation of various e-learning tools at Bulgarian and foreign universities. The research subject is the degree of implementation of e-learning tools, whereas the research object is students and lecturers from Bulgarian and foreign universities. The hypothesis, which is proven, is that the implementation of diverse e-learning tools is insufficient, despite the fact that their importance is acknowledged at all levels of learning and teaching.

Трансформация в моделите за управление на висшите училища в България – предизвикателства и възможности в дигиталната ера

Author(s): Desislava Serafimova,Andriyana Andreeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

The article explores the trends and challenges facing higher education institutions in Bulgaria arising from digitalization, internationalization, dynamic regulatory framework and students' attitudes towards the educational process. The possibilities for modification in their governance models are characterized by taking into accounts the policies and strategies for the development of higher education at the European and national levels. The study aims to outline the possibilities for transformation in the management models of the Bulgarian higher schools, focusing on the development of digital competencies and the use of modern technologies in research and teaching processes, as well as funding opportunities through EC programs promoting the role of universities in creating regional innovation ecosystems.

Защо студентите не учат, а работодателите не дават високи заплати?

Author(s): Georgi Kiranchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

The article examines the behavior of students and employers as abimatrix game. With the tools of game theory, it is generally proven that the optimal strategy for employers is to pay low wages, and for students – not to study or to study too little. These two strategies form the Nash’s equilibrium in pure strategies. No specific numbers were used in the evidence, but only plausible assumptions about the relationships between the used parameters. This generalizes the conclusions made in the general case of higher education. Such a study of the question using game theory has not been done yet.

Дистанционното обучение в CУ „Иван Вазов“ в Стара Загора през учебната 2019/2020 г.

Author(s): Toni Chehlarova,Neda Chehlarova,Dinko Tsvyatkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

The results of a survey are presented in order to support the management of the leadership of “Ivan Vazov” Secondary School in Stara Zagora to create conditions for distance learning. The results are analyzed from surveys to determine the degree of satisfaction and fatigue of teachers, students and parents associated with this school, from distance learning in the school year 2019/2020.Distance learning was introduced on March 16, 2020 by the Ministry of Education in connection with the emergency situation, announced by a decision of the National Assembly of Bulgaria and related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Емпирично изследване на връзката между присъствието на лекции и изпитни резултати при дигитално обучение на студентите в MS Teams

Author(s): Christian Tanushev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

This research aims to investigate the relationship between lectureat tendance and the achieved grades on the final exams for a sample of 485 students from the professional field of Economics at a Bulgarian university. The observed average lecture attendance is 30%, the correlation coefficient between the variables is 0.62. When using a regression model up to 38.79% of the variation in the grades obtained by students is explained by the factor attendance. The increase in attendance by 1% leads to an elevation in the exam result by 0.0306 units. All results are statistically significant at a significance level even below 1%. This study examines the problem for the first time in the context of online learning, where contact can only be achieved through electronic channels (students and the teacher have never been in live contact) and attendance data is observed by calculating the time in hours and minutes of participation in the MS Teams sessions.

KiVa: финландската алтернатива срещу училищната агресия у нас

Author(s): Iveta Yakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

The writing of this article was provoked by another case of aggression against a teacher in a Bulgarian school. For the purposes of the analysis, a “case study” method was used to “dissect” the school situation that took place. The latter facilitates the derivation of the specific factors for the registered event. Through the code of linguistic communication, inductive generalizations stood out, which were related to deductive ones, generated by secondary analysis of data from the sociological research conducted in our country. The considered situation focuses on the Finnish school bullying intervention program KiVa, developed by the University of Turku, understood as an alternative to reducing school aggression and victimization. Besides, it also builds a safe and secure school environment.

Bulgarian Parents’ Attitudes to Literacy Activities Through Digital Devices and Relevant Sociodemographic Factors at The Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author(s): Katerina Shtereva,Sonya Karabeliova / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2021

This study aims to establish correlations between the use of digital devices for literacy activities and the demographic and socio-cultural characteristics of parents, children and the family during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria. Thе study includes parents of 172 children aged 2 to 8 who completed online questionnaires related to home learning activities and the use of digital devices by families and children. The findings show that parents have a positive attitude towards engaging in literacy and reading activities through digital devices with their children, but do not support the excessive use of digital devices by children. We found that older children, girls, and children who use digital devices to communicate with family members and friends are more likely to engage in literacy activities through digital devices. Our findings corroborate other recent studies in underscoring the importance of partnership between children and their parents for children's development in today's environment.

Моралното въображение и етическата компетентност могат да се развиват и в университета

Author(s): Tsvetan Davidkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

Мутации и варианти на коронавируса SARS-CoV-2, причинител на COVID-19

Author(s): Luchezar Karagyozov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

In 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus caused a pandemic with severe consequences for many countries. The life cycle of the virus is briefly described. It is noted that the multiplication of viral genetic material is accompanied by the emergence of mutations, which leads to the emergence of new viral variants. Viral variants may differ in their effectiveness in infecting, spreading, in the severity of the disease they cause, and in their ability to escape acquired immunity. The most important SARS-CoV-2 variants that have emerged so far are discussed. The need for global monitoring of the emergence of new variants and rapid and mass vaccination to tackle the pandemic is emphasized.

Development of the Concept of Entropy: A simpler alternative to Carnot Cycle

Author(s): Jamil Ahmad / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2021

The relationship between entropy and reversible heat and temperature is developed using a simple cycle, in which an ideal gas is subjected to isothermal expansion and compression and heated and cooled between states. The procedure is easily understood by students if they have knowledge of calculations involving internal energy, reversible work, and heat capacity for an ideal gas. This approach avoids the more time-consuming Carnot cycle. The treatment described here illustrates how the total entropy change resulting from an irreversible process is always positive.

“The Source of Life” in Bishop’s Basilica of Philippopolis in the Context of STEAM

Author(s): Toni Chehlarova / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2021

The main task considered in this material is related to the restoration of the mosaic “Source of Life” in the Bishop’s Basilica of Philippopolis. Ideas for creation and use of computer models of the geometric scheme and of separate figures in the considered mosaic are presented. Technologies such as 360-degree photography, 3D printing, specialized software for creating computer models, etc. are shared to provide conditions for research work. STEAM training, especially in the context of STEAM centers and innovative schools, creates good opportunities for the widespread deployment of such resources. Most of the described educational resources are provided with free access in the Virtual Mathematics Laboratory, developed at the Institute of Mathematics and Informatics of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.

Preschool Teachers’ Knowledge, Perspectives and Practices in STEM Education: An Interview Study

Author(s): Lubka Aleksieva,Iliana Mirtschewa,Snezhana Radeva / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2021

Early STEM education has a great potential to support children’s development in constructing their own knowledge, in designing, discussing and testing ideas and finding solutions to different problems. Significant role in achieving the goals of STEM education is played by the teacher, who scaffolds the learning process, builds a creative learning environment, provokes children with open questions and guides them to test their hypothesis as young scientists, mathematicians, engineers and technology users. Preschool teachers’ knowledge and perspectives could seriously influence their practices in STEM education and respectively, the fulfilment of STEM learning outcomes. It is very important to explore in depth teachers’ views and experiences thus to plan and provide appropriate courses for their academic preparation or continuous professional development. While reviewing some popular misconceptions for STEM education amongst teachers, this paper presents the results of pre- and post-interviews conducted with teachers from Bulgaria in the framework of the European multilateral Erasmus+ project №2018-1-TR01-KA203-059568 “STEM for Pre-schoolers and Their Families” (PARENTSTEM) (2018–2021). The overall goal of this project was to increase family involvement in the STEM education process of early childhood children specifically coming from low socio-economic status. As a part of this goal implementation, the project aimed to extend conceptual and pedagogical knowledge of early childhood teachers on STEM. In the frame of the project the preschool teachers-participants in the study were provided with three teacher trainings (two international and one national) and were additionally supported with the intellectual outputs of the project. This paper attempted to identify teachers’ preliminary knowledge, awareness and attitudes towards STEM conceptualization and pedagogy and to describe the relative influence of the project teacher trainings and activities on them. The results of the research unambiguously demonstrated the need for training of preschool teachers in terms of STEM education, outlining the main focuses to be considered when constructing STEM courses intended for preschool teachers

Introduction to Computer Programming Through a System of Tasks

Author(s): Lasko Laskov / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2021

Computer programming is a fundamental discipline in many academic programs, especially in the fields of informatics, applied mathematics, physics, and engineering. Despite its popularity, computer programming courses does not possess a widely-accepted methodology for its structure, and because of this reason, even introductory courses highly differ in their curriculum, approach, complexity, and even technical background. In this paper we propose a methodology for introductory computer programming course structure definition that is based on the concept of notion formation through a system of tasks. The approach is intended to be applied in the context of academic education, but it is also applicable in the last years of high-school courses.

Zwei Konzeptionen über die ursprüngliche Modernisierung des Schulwesens der untergebenen Völker in der Habsburgermonarchie und im Osmanischen Reich im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert

Author(s): Teodorichka Gotovska-Henze / Language(s): German Issue: 3-4/2021

This article compares the projects for the initial modernization of education among the Czechs, Slovaks, Vojvodina Serbs and Bulgarians, their conception, initiation and the social factors responsible for their implementation. The role of the clergy for the spread of Enlightenment ideas and the preservation of the literary tradition – a factor common to all peoples – is outlined. The connection between the literacy of the broad strata of the subjugated peoples and the development of the native language is analyzed. The author considers the reform of education in the general context of state policy, noting that while in the Habsburg monarchy it was a governance policy aimed at the general process of modernization of the state, in the Ottoman Empire the central government remained indifferent and the Bulgarian educational project was the work of wealthy patriotic emigration.

Медицината и въпросът за бъдещето

Author(s): Iveta Tasheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The text discusses one of the many applications of medical translation, namely its ability to translate knowledge. In this sense, it is directly related to the theme of the future and development of transhumanism. This particular article discusses some of the mainstays of transhumanism that affect medicine - the idea of genetic enhancement and the technologically determined evolution of individuals, futurological utopias and anti-utopias, and debates surrounding immortality.