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In this article are based some thoughts giving a significance to the concept of discourse approach. The purpose is this rationalization to become a base for creation of school content in Bulgarian language for the aims of a course of textbooks designed for the junior high school and the both high school degrees. The special features of the communicatively orientated training in Bulgarian language are presented which needs a new “generation” of textbooks and school aids. They must reflect the characteristics of the discourse approach and be at the most adequate to the requirements of the modern socio-cultural and educational context.
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The work focuses on various aspects of the Future of education in the Global word. Positive and negative effects of globalization are reflected in all spheres of society – as well in the education. Mentioned are some basic trends in the Future of education: the importance of Lifelong learning, competencies development, digital learning, importance of resilience, development of value orientation, intercultural education, foreign language skills, promoting creativity, selection of teachers. The various educational aspects are interconnected. Dynamic development of societies, the use of new technologies in all spheres, also in education, lead to the improving of competences of children and adults. The challenges in the global World are related to the problem of equality of educational opportunities for children of different educational levels. The article emphasizes the connection between the Future of education with its various dimensions and the Future of societies in the dynamically changing world.
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The object of research is the colloquial vocabulary in Bulgarian and Polish from the thematic area 'parts of the human body'. The aim is to consider in a comparative plan the main nomination techniques for the formation of language units in both languages. The language material consists of colloquial tokens, extracted from Bulgarian and Polish lexicographical sources, catalogs and from the real language practice. It turns out that the main means of nomination in both languages is the secondary nomination. There are also quite a few borrowings from foreign languages. Word formation is also used, primarily as an aid. The analysis reveals significant similarities, but also interesting differences between the two languages in the study area.
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The article is focused on the use of fairy tales material in classes with foreign students who speak Russian in the volume of basic and intermediate levels (B1). The model of a non–standard fairy tale lesson is described and designed, methodological recommendations for organizing work with the material of the Russian fairy tale, a system of tasks and exercises aimed at developing lexical and grammatical skills, as well as the development of socio-cultural and intercultural competence of students are proposed.Teaching materials are intended for students of the International Qualification School “Modern Pedagogical Technologies in Teaching Russian as a Foreign Language” (Varna, Republic of Bulgaria).
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The article deals with the extracurricular role of student-operated English-speaking theatre at the Department of British and American Studies at Comenius University in Bratislava. For a decade now, the theatre group has extended and enriched the study programmes in translation, interpreting, and in teacher training. Their activities enhance practical study of language, improve linguistic and cultural awareness, and develop interpretational and aesthetic competences. Students learn to work individually and in teams, are involved in project management and inter-institutional communication (university, NGOs, civic associations, corporations). Using theatre activities aids students in applying their knowledge and skills to a variety of current labour market requirements.
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The idea of color evolved step by step with the development of civilization. In the most archaic societies, it was light and darkness that received a verbal layout. The next stage is the "variegated -colorless" opposition. The idea of “color in general" often develops in connection with the idea of "skin color". In the historical development of languages, particularly dye ware gives impetus to the development of color terminology. Bright, saturated colors are highly valued and colorful is perceived as beautiful. Pigments and colors are related to the culture and around the color names cultural circles could be circumscribed that contain common elements.
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The author proceeds from the assumption that a quasi-symbol is a kind of cultural symbol. It is established that the verbal nature of a quasi-symbol determines the specifics of its meaning and functioning. The verbal shell of symbolic meaning is more plastic than the nonverbal one. Quasi-symbols can be used either absolutively, in the form of independent whole-formed units, or non-absolutively as parts of phraseological units and paremias. The definition of a quasi-symbol is carried out by modeling the situation in which it realizes its actional potential. In the cognitive aspect, the quasi-symbol is related to the prototype. It is revealed that the semantics of a quasi-symbol is formed on the basis of connotations of words. The quasi-symbol content plane is open for generating new meanings. The meaning of such a unit is typically abstract, kaleidoscopic, and situation-oriented. It is proved that the quasi-symbol is a kind of constructor and regulator of reality. It is proved that the figurative basis plays a key role in the semantics of a quasi-symbol: it forms a cognitive-semantic platform for the formation of new semantic layers, acts as a means of objectivizing ideas, represents a typical situation, implements the intention of imperativeness, and performs a semiotic function. When forming semantic layers of a quasi-symbol, universal transport models by adjacency and similarity work. The actionality and imperative semantics of a quasi-symbol determine its energetic potential. It is determined that quasi-symbols are value-oriented: they can be divided into ideologically deterministic and non-deterministic. In the course of the analysis, it was found that the quasisymbol is characterized by the following features: abstract semantics, imagery, kaleidoscopy, situational orientation, imperativeness, precedence, semantic diversity, paradigmatism.
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The aim of the research is to develop a model for teaching the expression of emotions and reaction to them in the lessons of Russian as a foreign language (level B2). During the research, methods of analyzing the catalogue of emotions, modelling, experimental training, questionnaires, and testing are used. The article describes a training model that includes an introductory stage, a training stage, and a speech practice stage, and has been tested in four universities in St. Petersburg. A control cross-section conducted after experimental training and a survey of students show the effectiveness of this training option.
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The aim of this article is to systematize the problem areas in the behavior of young people in the labor market and to clarify the importance of amotivation on the observed processes. The behavior of young people, the decisions they make, are particularly important, as they will have a strategic effect on the economy. The behavior of young people, the decisions they make are especially important, as they will have a long-term effect on the economy and overcoming the motivational effect is with strategic importance for the future development of our country.
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This paper discusses two options for the people with hearing loss: pride of their deafness and prejudice against them on behalf of hearing people. Presented are the fears and behavior specifics of this target group. The term “audism” is also analysed. There is also information about the unique situation of people with hearing loss, living in Iceland.
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The article presents some of the data from a survey conducted to study the levels of aggression and depression of students practicing sports at the university. The study is a research and educational project funded by Sofia University and monitors the data on the impact or lack of impact on the mental side of students of all specialties and faculties at Sofia University and Medical College "Yordanka Filaretova", specialty "Rehabilitator". At this stage, the activity of the students and the most general statistical data of the surveyed students, practicing different sports disciplines within their studies at the university, are traced.
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In the introductory part of the article the author analyzes phraseological units with toponymic and ethnonymic components, explicitly connected with a specific historical event, which is part of consciousness of a certain society established as a negative experience. The second part focuses on chosen phraseological units in Slavic languages containing onymic components in their structure that have the character of an a semantic linguistic sign, do not significantly contribute to the emotiveness and imagery of the unit, i. e. they do not influence its phraseological character to a large extent. Lastly, the author deals with the process of phraseologization and motivation of the Slovak phraseme byť (bývať) v Tramtárii (tramtárii) having its origin in mythology or, more specifically, fairy-tales, and its Bulgarian equivalent “гори Тилилейски (тилилейски)”.
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A study of the attitudes of Bulgarian high-school students regarding reading is presented in this article. Over five hundred subjects have taken part in the study, 337 girls and 180 boys of age 13 to 18, from the capital Sofia and other schools in country. The study was implemented through a five-module survey, including 74 statements distributed in groups as follows: "During reading", "Most often I read", "When (what time) do I read", "I prefer to read", "I find information in". Each statement was evaluated by the subjects according 5-level Likert scale of two types: agreement and frequency estimates. Analysis of the results is also presented. Data obtained in the study lead to outcomes as follows: Online and on-screen reading is preferred rather reading of paper; a lack of well-mastered metacognitive reading skills is observed; the basic source of information is the worldwide web (Internet).
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The article examines Hristo Smirrnenski’s prose poetry. It aims to discuss and remind us about some of his half-forgotten works, to outline their main themes and ideas, the characteristics of the poet’s poetics, but also to discuss the genre specificities, the heterogeneity of the works, the essence of the genre, the process of marking the texts, their interpretation through the prism of literary multiplicity.
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The article examines the image of women's hair in Yavorov's poetic cycle "Queens of the Night". The focus is on the poems “Cleopatra” and “Sappho”. They analyze the erotic symbolism that hair has. The text also outlines the dialogue between the Yavorov’s cycle and the cycle "Queens of the Night" by Kiril Hristov, mentioning similarities between the two poetic cycles. The image of “Cleopatra” is also traced in the works of poets Emanuil Popdimitrov and Lyudmil Stoyanov. The article very briefly marks the genesis of Bulgarian erotic poetry, as well as the apologization of women's hair in Yavorov's poetry, which are most vividly presented in his poem "Sappho".
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This article attempts to describe the features of the 'Z' and 'Alpha' generations, whose natural habitat is currently the school institution. One of the common characteristics of the two generations is multitasking. The peculiarities of multitasking as a phenomenon and its projections in the field of education are reviewed. Researchers’ different viewpoints are presented about this phenomenon as their opinions are diverse and even polarized. They vary widely from heavy multitasking to its total rejection. The issue of ultitasking is topical and in the future it will spark particular research interest in the context of online instruction which is becoming increasingly intensive (especially after the COVID-19 pandemic), and the widespread introduction of edtech in the sphere of education.
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The assessment of knowledge, skills and competencies aims in not only evaluating and comparing students’ learning objectives but also measuring another particularly important function - the motivation. The article examines assessment in the context of the competency model set out in the new law on pre-school and school education and its understanding by students and the level of motivation. Data from a study of motivational attitudes in students are presented in direct correlation with the methods and different ways of assessment, as well as with the analysis and the feedback from students. The analysis is based on surveys conducted with students from 11 to 19 years of age covering all types of schools in Bulgaria. Results are statistically reliable in clusters, variance and regression analysis.
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