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In this article the author presents a theoretical reflection of school culture. The first part of the article deals with some historical and methodological issues of the term "culture" from sociology, anthropology and psychology point of view. The second part of the text analyses the concept of school culture from the perspective of its functions, typologies and models. its instability and change are also presented here. At the end the author mentions some researches which deal with school culture and also points out the need to study it more thoroughly from theoretical and practical perspective.
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Addiction on work is a behavioral addiction that is least elaborated in scientific and professional literature, though much faster than addiction on psychoactive substances. This was the reason for carrying out an exploratory field research on representative samples of 3003 respondents in Serbia and 1486 in Montenegro. In addition to the analysis of the spread of phenomena and phenomenological aspects, the risk factors for predisposition of dependence on labor, the social profiles of the defensive mechanisms of labor dependents were examined. Addiction on the work in Serbia and Montenegro by spread is in the upper half of the 11th of behavioral dependencies, and according to some research it is high above certain countries outside Europe. Risk factors are dominated by dependencies of psychoactive substances in parent families and disorders of early psycho-social development, and in the Montenegrin sample and disturbed emotional relationships between parents and children. The social and psychological profile is characterized by subdivision (especially in the Montenegrin sample) which also influences the choice of defense mechanisms, the work is different from most other behavioral agents who, in addition to the immature, use neuroticism more often and formulate defense mechanisms.
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According to the Global Aging Index for 2014, Serbia is among 96 countries in which live 90% of the world's population is older than 60 years, at 78th place in the quality of life of the older. According to the Serbian Red Cross research, in 2015, 19.8% of the older experienced some form of abuse and violence in the third age, and abuse experience was 11% (136 thousand older people). Numerous research point to the fact that older people, in addition to persons with disabilities, are among the most discriminated groups in Serbia. Poverty and neglect of older people within the family are the most serious problems that third-aged persons in the Republic of Serbia are facing. The most frequent source of discrimination for the older lies in the belief that they are only burden for society, mostly meant as unworthy and unnecessary, since they do not in any way contribute to the community. As a result of all forms of discrimination, permanent marginalization occurs, which is an additional circumstance that diminishes or disables them in use their basic human rights. The article emphasizes that the category of older women is particularly exposed to age discrimination, with intersection with other grounds of discrimination which is more frequent in this category than in younger age groups. Almost twice as many older women (13%) than men (7%) are poor. Apart from marginalization, discrimination opens the door to violence, one of the elements that essentially contributes to the increase of insecurity. It is disturbing that the older people are often placed in older people homes without their consent (many of such premises do not meet, among other things, the basic prescribed working conditions). This situation of gender and age intersection is a situation of an even more intense presence of personal security risk, e.g. a third of women killed in Serbia in recent years are over sixty. The paper also analyzes the discriminative situation of older women serving prison sentences and femicide of older women.
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There are different ways to exclude the elderly, but the most common and most drastic is their exclusion from the world of work by losing a job with poor prospects for re-employment. Reaffirming and using the competencies, knowledge and experience of older workers (and retired citizens) contributes to the development and well-being of the community, offers an important human and professional resource to employers and enables younger members of the community to acquire knowledge and skills that they have not received in regular education. Work Performance Management System is a process in which evaluation of employee performance as well as characteristics that each employee possesses are carried out in order to be improved in the future and in accordance with the goals to be achieved in order to achieve the planned / set business result. Monitoring and evaluating work performance is a precondition for performing a whole range of human resources management tasks, which is very difficult to implement without the adequate support of information systems. In this scientific paper is presented the ethalon model of the structure of the information system for human resources management. This approach is HRIS, a separate integral solution, an etalon model, which has its own structure, a multitude of software solutions, functionality and properties from the perspective of HRM and IT.The model summarizes all significant modules of this development solution, which support the processes, subprocesses and professional activities of the human resource management system, and more detailed are presented module of performance management and its key functionalities.
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The study is focused on social adaptation of pupils traveling from small towns and villages in Blagoevgrad region to study at schools in Blagoevgrad. The social adaptation is considered in two aspects: in personal aspect and in school aspect. The hypothesis of how sociocultural conditions influence each of the two aspects of the study is being checked. Empirical information is obtained by self-assessment survey of 51 pupils traveling to schools in Blagoevgrad. The results show absence of specific adaptation difficulties of the traveling pupils. The high Grade Point Average (GPA) of the traveling pupils fosters their social integration in the new school. It can be said that girls are more adaptable. Also, there are elements of the “effect of pupils’ assessment of teachers” concerning the objectivity and fairness of the latter in the assessment of the pupils` learning achievements.
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The present text sorts the types of oral texts in a productive paradigm in which the main criterion is their dominant function. This typology is extremely essential to ensure uniformity in the language of learning discourse, greater terminological precision and linguistic precision. In the statement are explicit two aspects - theoretical and practical.
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On the basis of theoretical analysis the achievements of psychology and pedagogy were synthesized in order to reveal the nature, classification and roles of emotions in education. Anxiety was studied as part of the system of emotions and attention was drawn on its impact on learning and success in introverted and extroverted students. With the aid of content analysis, observations and personal experience opportunities were sought to overcome high anxiety and create a comfortable classroom. Attention was drawn to personal, situational and social anxiety and the factors causing them. Conclusions were made about the need to change the emphasis in education, taking into account the importance of emotional intelligence to improve the quality of teaching and to preparing students for the challenges of life in the risk society.
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Over the last decades the conception of permanent education, about lifelong learning, becomes a leading principle in our educational system. Dynamic changes require formation of functional literacy by securing unity and succession between classical and interactive methods of learning. New culture of learning based on constructivism educational paradigm transforms the position of the learner from passive to active subject of dialogic interactive learning in which the educator is not only source of information but also facilitator - rather than teacher in the process of creation of new knowledge and experience.
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The paper considers a new system of teacher’s professional development in Kazakhstan universities. Also paper shows activities of the Republican Institute, cooperation with university partners abroad and wide description of RIPD programs for educational community of Kazakhstan
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The purpose of this article is to make an overview of secondary education funding in Bulgaria as well as the positive and negative impacts of its implementation. The tool of delegated budgets is considered relatively new mechanism for allocating funds to secondary and preschool education. Delegated budgets system emerges from the idea to optimize distributing financial recourses in secondary education. This mechanism is based on legal and sub-legislative regulations and organizational structure. The implementation of this tool is founded on budget law; it determines the Ministry, which superintends the school, as the primary distributor of funds. Schools and operational departments in public education, applying delegated budgeting, have the right to be distributors of secondary importance with budget credits and independent budgets, by decision of municipality councils.Achievements:1. Decentralization in the field of education. It’s organized on three levels of delegating rights, responsibilities and governing resources: central – local authority, local authority – school, school – board of trustees.2. Clear mechanism of allocating municipality budget, creating conditions for regulated relations between municipalities and schools.3. Greater power of decision making by school authorities. The last take responsibilities for maintaining the material equipment.4. Creating incentives for searching for alternative funding sources, as school income is dependent on them.
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The paper presents the project “Summer Olympic Games for Kids” realized by Kindergarten “Rodina” – Sofia. This project is an example of good practice in the field of healthy way of living, physical education and sport in the kindergarten.
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Recently, essential part of the demand of academics and practitioners in the field of museum education is the study of the museum audience. The main efforts are directed to study its specific features, needs and expectations, which become the basis for creating a new policy oriented to realization of the educational function of the museum. As part of these efforts, in this article are presented the results of a research project realized within the research at Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”. The selected study was conducted among 130 students, with the intention to study the influence of involvement in museum activities on the attitudes and expectations of museum education.
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The article presents a conceptual model for synergistic vocational guidance and counselling for children and young people with specific needs revising main concepts in the field. Its effectiveness is proved through the German system model.
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The so-called “negative toys” are studied with regard to the children’s representations of them. The results of this study leads to clarifications of the reasons for the negative children's attitude toward the negative toys. The basic cognitive strategies for overcoming the negative attitudes of toys, that children do not like, are formulated. The paper shows enumerated criteria of psychological-educational expertise and evaluation, as well as choice of toys according to the child’s opinion.
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The classroom-management makes the work of the teacher easier. Its application leads to the improved discipline in the classroom and helps building good relationships between teacher and students. Many studies demonstrate that good relationships between teachers and students decrease by more than 30% the discipline problems in classroom.The article explains the philosophy of the classroom-management as a preventive-oriented organization of lessons and overviews the most important instruments of the classroom-management. The article also focuses on how using rituals during the lessons leads to maintaining of quietness in classroom and to reduction of confl icts among students. A Scale for observation is introduced, by means of which the teachers will raise their competence regarding the classroom-management.
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The article aims to present the educational systems of Germany and Bulgaria and a comparative analysis between the two countries based on the main elements in their systems. The following themes are reviewed and compared:– Organization of the two educational systems, connected with the development of secondary education; – Policies implemented in secondary education;– Ways of financing.In both countries, education is managed and funded by the Ministry of Education. The Ministry is also responsible for the school structure, its financial management, setting the borders of the implemented school plans and their content, as well as the range and particular form of the school curricula.The main source of financing for education systems is the state budget. However, while in Germany around 5% of the gross national product is allocated for secondary education support, in Bulgaria the percentage is only 3.4 %. Municipalities receive funds for schools from the state budget, depending on their population and socio-demographic structure and then distribute them to the schools The two countries apply a system of delegated budgets in funding education, which is a main tool for financial support. The tendency in the educational systems of both countries is securing equal opportunities for education access and increasing its quality. Difference between these systems is the approach of funding private schools. In Germany they receive financial support – around 4 % of GDP, which is equal to a grant of around 3000 Euros per student. In Bulgaria private school budgets consists mainly of the fees paid.
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Self-assessment methods and instruments are considered an effective way to evaluate subjective experience in client-centered practice. However, researchers are still doubtful about children’s abilities to assess adequately their traits and performance, despite the convincing evidence that children are capable from early age to provide information about themselves that is unique, valid and stable over time. Psychological and pedagogical versus occupational therapy perspectives of the nature and characteristics of self-assessment are discussed. Some self-report tools widely used in practice are presented. Self-report instruments are as reliable as special psychological tests and can be used as a source of information about the child.
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By coding the sound composition of the words from the verbal sound speech are observed a lot of difficulties, connected with the usage of the letters by following the regulation of graphics and orthography. The object of the following research is the correction work, which is connected with disgraphy of the language base. Speech therapist`s work must be related to enrich child`s vocabulary, to give the child more knowledge about grammar and its usage. The improvement of the syllable and the morphemic segregation of the word takes a very important place in mastering the lexical relations of the words with an aim to make them semantically clear. The child should know very well all kinds of subordination relations between words in the composition of the combination of the words and sentences. It is necessary because this is the way the child to compose independent different syntactic compositions. To have some results, the logopedic – therapist should work constantly on all aspects of the language system.
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In the last 15-20 years, much attention has been paid to the content and methodical part of the academic training of nurses-to develop knowledge and skills, which will best ensure quality care, tailored to the contemporary scientific achievements to meet the needs of the individual, family and society. Globally, the opportunities for autonomous nursing practice focus attention to qualified, employed nurses, to their further professional and personal development and their involvement in activities as supervisors. We are exploring an issue, which is still seeking its practical dimensions in contemporary nursing practice, giving a chance to get to know and discuss it, and perhaps pilot it in our country. The implementation of supervision in nursing is innovative at its core, but opens up new horizons for the development and improvement of the nursing profession and its autonomy- as reflections and as actions that are applicable in Bulgaria.
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