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The article deals with family importance in the present cultural environment. The perspectives are supported also by results of the European surveys about the family policy. It onward implies the possible foundations for realisation of the family policy and the family education. There is clarified axiological basis of the family education in the context of education in the Slovak Republic.
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The article presents and analyzes data on the degree of expressiveness of such psychological parameters as uncertainty tolerance, basic anxiety (worry) and the sense of psychological security (acceptance of the World) in ethnic and cultural groups of Russians and Tatars. Special attention is paid to the relationship between these parameters and motivation to succeed. In particular, no relationship between uncertainty tolerance, anxiety and the sense of psychological security was revealed in any of the ethnic and cultural groups of students. In addition, the level of anxiety in the group of Tatar students was found to be higher than in other groups.
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The article deals with a topical problem in modern humanities studies, i.e. the problem of personal self-identification. The investigation covers the methods of representation of this problem in the works of Diana Arbenina. Based on the play “Motofozo”, it is proved that Arbenina’s philosophy is remarkable for the perception of the Self as the Other. For the harmonious existence of a person, it is necessary that the external Self be united with the internal Self (the Other).
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It raises issues of female loneliness of modern Russians; defines the concept of "women's loneliness"; examines personality traits of single women seeking psychological help; types of women are allocated to the problem of female loneliness; the results of factor analysis of the causes of female loneliness; It offered an explanation of the causes of female loneliness in modern Russia; defined strategy counseling women experiencing a situation lack of men for stable love relationships as a problem.
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The paper is devoted to a topical multidisciplinary problem connected with the verbal description of headache by patients with neurological disorders. The authors present the descriptive words gathered as a result of free discussions with patients, who were divided into 3 groups in accordance with their way of describing headache. The outlined descriptors were included in a general database used for the development of questionnaires that describe the most characteristic types of headache. The development and specification of pain questionnaires is carried out within the patient-specific approach. These auxiliary materials are particularly important for bilingual and multilingual patients as well as for patients with alexithymic features and various types of speech disorders. The conclusion on the relevance of the problem of descriptors’ belonging to parts of speech is made.
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The study deals with the ideas of neurolinguistics proposed by the representatives of the famous Kazan Linguistic School. In modern linguistics, the problems of interrelation between language and thinking are discussed at the interdisciplinary level. However, the formation of this scientific paradigm has to be analyzed in the light of linguistic heritage. The Kazan Linguistic School takes an active position in these investigations involving a wide range of data from different fields of science and using various research techniques. The paper describes and systematizes the contribution made by the representatives of the Kazan Linguistic School to the development of modern scientific paradigms (systemic-functional, discourse, cognitive etc.).
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There is no simple definition for Antisocial personality disorder. However, the authors try to explain in their work a lot of healthy personality, to show the opinions of experts in Psychology and Psychiatry so we can have a perception of antisocial personality disorder. Antisocial personality disorder is often misinterpreted as a personality disorder at the time of puberty, when a young person running away from school, lies repeatedly, occasionally stealing, and generally falls into various unpleasant situations. If after leaving the phase of growing up person stabilizes and accept the social patterns of behavior it is a personality disorder, not anti-social personality disorder, which is more difficult and more complex. If the person continues to violate regulations, not respected socially acceptable patterns of behavior, lying, manipulating other people around, dealing with a variety of fraud, in violation of the law, and in the most severe forms without feeling towards other people, rape, murder, then we have an example of a real antisocial behavior and psychopathy (sociopathy). Today's research trying to prove the importance of genetic factors as the cause of such behavior (psychopathy), but should not be ignored either external causes such as abuse and neglect by their parents, bulling, rape at an early age, and other situations that may be "trigger" for antisocial behavior in some individuals.
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The works on literary chronology, which largely remains at the positions of positivism, have claimed until now that a memoirist should be trustworthy and try to avoid mistakes. The modern neurophysiological works are developing a new concept of memory, according to which memories are constantly “rewritten” by the brain, regardless of their author’s integrity. New methodological problems faced by the study of literature in this situation are considered in the paper.
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In our visual environment, emotional stimuli play an important role. They provide pivotal information about potential danger or threat that trigger defensive actions, or, conversely, prompt approach behaviour when confronted with pleasant and appetitive stimuli. A long lasting debate revolves around the question as to whether emotional stimuli have the potential to attract attention involuntarily, and thus, bias attentional resources in their favour in order to gain preferential stimulus processing. Furthermore, it is not yet known to what extent that competition for processing resources relies on higher-order cognitive processes, such as the extraction of the emotional content of a certain image. In a series of four electrophysiological studies that we review here, we aimed to investigate to what degree attentional resource allocation towards emotional stimuli is linked to the higher-order process of emotional cue extraction. Our results strongly indicated that the speed at which emotional cue extraction can be performed influences the latency of the attentional resource bias in early visual cortex. Moreover, affective images are required to be displayed for sufficient time that allows for emotional content identification, in order to result in neural facilitation for emotional compared to neutral images in early visual areas of the human brain. The present findings open further insights into affective stimulus processing speed and highlight frequency tagging technique that allows extracting the so-called steady-state visual evoked potential as a powerful tool in investigating neural dynamics in visual cortex activity.
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The results of the empirical research on the specifics of formal and logical thinking of preschoolers with different levels of cultural congruence are discussed in the paper. Using the methods for assessment of formal and logical thinking, it is found that children with the high level of cultural congruence (i.e., complying with rules in the normative situation) are characterized by the high level of formal and logical thinking. The levels of generalization and establishment of the cause-and-effect relationships as indicators of formal and logical thinking in preschoolers appear to be positively correlated with their cultural congruence.
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The paper is devoted to the study of semantic spaces at the imaginative level of mental states’ representations. The association characteristics, categorical bases, and proximity/distance of mental states’ images in increasing periods of time are examined. The specificity of semantic spaces of metal states’ images, their proximity/distance, categorization, and structuring patterns in the dynamics of time are shown.
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The aim of this work is to validate the concepts of the theory of mind as a new research paradigm that allows to conceptualize the inner world of a person, opening the way to the study of everyday psychology. The origins of and predecessors for the development of a new approach in cognitive psychology are analyzed. The theory of mind can be assigned to the general scientific post-nonclassical type of paradigm. New research possibilities of studying the mental capacity to understand the world in children and adults are shown based on the author's own research in collaboration with colleagues and the latest results from the psychological world. The conclusion is made about the high productivity of the new paradigm, as well as its research capabilities in the study of the subjective world and social cognition.
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Nation states in many respects set boundaries to their citizens’ sense of belonging through their identity policies. Despite this fact, in today’s world – a world in which the boundaries of nation states are nothing but only transparent – individuals, goods and ideas have never been so mobile. In that sense, both immigration and identity issues have become to be discussed and redefined. Many studies among the ones on migration deal with the multiple belongings of individuals within the frame of identity policies of nation states. This study, on the other hand, offers an analytical frame through the findings of various theories and field researches so as to define individuals’ identity and sense of belonging. Accordingly, it presents mobile individuals’ sense of belongings at different levels and their social identities by keeping their daily routines and rituals in daily life in mind and by considering these individuals’ connections with their points of mobility. These ties can be cultural, economic, religious, linguistic, political, national and emotional in nature.
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The purpose of the paper is to present the selected results of the research of consumers’ attitudes towards visiting shopping centers. The aforementioned attitudes have been expressed by the hierarchy of goals being achieved during a visit, and by a set of variables representing consumer’s preferred shopping conditions. Thanks to the possibility to repeat the research two times, in two consecutive years, it was possible to introduce several hypotheses about the expected changes in aims and attitudes towards discussed activities.
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By consciously choosing to buy products, which fulfill the Fair Trade principles, consumers indirectly influence an improvement of the working and living conditions of people involved in the making of such products and contribute to the development of a more honest trade. The paper provides an analysis of the Fair Trade idea, which is one of the forms of responsible consumer behavior. The paper contains a review of literature on the subject and includes references to recent research results concerning responsible consumption and the idea of Fair Trade.
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The problem of gender has become the topic of heated argument recently. It determines paying attention to gender marketing issue interpreted as a message created according to communication codes preferred by each sex. The fundamental objective of the paper is to refer to the above-mentioned matter and present the results of the research carried among young customers concerning their awareness of gender marketing concept and activities undertaken within its scope.
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The paper presents specificity and significance of seniors as an essential segment on the market, including the market of nutritional services. It emphasizes the social role and an increase in significance of gastronomic services for this target audience. The research results describe attitudes and behaviors of elderly people on the gastronomy market. They show an increase in significance of nutritional services in the life of the considered population. In spite of this situation, however, the adaptation of the Polish gastronomy to the needs and expectations of elderly people is not satisfactory. Treating this consumer segment in a marginal way by services providers, when there is an increasing tendency in society aging, seems to be a serious mistake from both the strategic and marketing point of view.
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The purpose of this paper was to determine the behaviors of Polish consumers (the citizens of Tricity [cities of Gdańsk, Gdynia and Sopot] and English consumers (citizens of London) on the tea market. The research was conducted in 2014 with the use of auditorium survey in London and the Tricity on the group of 247 respondents. Despite of the fact, that over the last decades there have been large changes in the European consumer behavior, the tea market can be considered very stable, and the tea consumers' behavior did not change significantly. The most popular kind of tea among consumers from London and Tricity is still the black tea. Tea consumption increased especially among young consumers in the segment of sachet tea. The consumers from Tricity often consume green tea, mainly for health reasons.
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