JAK BADAĆ KULTURĘ? WOKÓŁ CULTURAL TURNS. NOWE KIERUNKI W NAUKACH O KULTURZE DORIS BACHMANN-MEDICK
The Review of “New Trends in Cultural Studies” by Doris Bachmann-Medick
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The Review of “New Trends in Cultural Studies” by Doris Bachmann-Medick
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The article treats the Lithuanian ethno-culture consequence upon preschool child's personality development. It has been proved by scientists long time ago, that person's quality essentially depends upon cultural surroundings of a child. More democracy in our society, formation of social hardships, more and more aggressive multi-culture, merge of culture and illiteracy makes very dangerous situation in terms of a child's morale, who still Iacks criteria of values choice. Ethno-culture can do its best in protecting a person form negative influence. Scientists have proved, ethno-culture being essential in forming person's structure, which is specific to each nation's representative.
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V. Ruzgas buvo ne tik žymus muziejininkas, bibliotekininkas, vadovėlių autorius, švietimo darbuotojas, bet ir talentingas pedagogas. Jis visą savo gyvenimą paskyrė vaikų ir suaugusių ugdymui, rūpinosi aktualiomis liaudies švietimo problemomis, ragino jaunimą ir suaugusius šviestis, semtis žinių iš įvairių informacijos šaltinių, savarankiškai mokytis. Atkakliai siekė stiprinti liaudies kultūros tradicijas, siekė, kad mokykla ugdytų aktyvią, savarankišką ir darbščią moksleivio asmenybę.
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Culture is playing an increasingly important role in achieving sustainable development goals in countries. The value created by culture is important and an integral part of each country’s economy. The article is designed to establish the relationship between the value created by culture and the implementation of countries’ sustainable development goals through a detailed conceptualization of culture as an integral part of sustainable development. Conceptualization seeks to integrate culture into the concept of sustainable development by giving it three distinct roles in the process of evaluating sustainable development. The paper examines in detail the goals of sustainable development and their links with culture, highlighting the indicators that have been further used in the research. To assess the contribution of culture to the national economy, the number of cultural enterprises, value added in the cultural sector and turnover were estimated in order to compare employment in the cultural sector in different EU28 countries, and Min / Max indices were calculated. The study identified the relationship between the goals of sustainable development and the value created by culture, using a measure of connection strength. Statistical analysis of the data undoubtedly confirms that cultural contribution to the achievement of the SDGs is significant as there is a very strong positive relationship between the cultural value index and the SDGs achieved in all three case studies.
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The article examines that cultural tourism, by developing festival tours, is able to generate significant tourist flows not only by itself, but also it is a necessary complement to any other tourist product. The purpose. The aim is to analyze the scientific literature on intercultural research and the development of international tourist festivals. Results. The identification and discussion of the three main discourses of festival research made it possible to determine the role and impact of festivals in society and culture, the features of festival tourism and festival management. Classical discourse, emerging mainly from cultural anthropology and sociology, concerns the roles, meanings and influences of festivals in society and culture. Festivals are means for tourism, economic development and local marketing. At this discourse dominated. It is based on consumer behavior approaches and ignores the fundamental needs of celebration and many social and cultural reasons for searching a holiday. It should also be emphasized that festivals are increasingly being used to achieve social and cultural objects, which places them as implements for social marketers.
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Cioran's relationship with the philosophical anthropology should be considered in the light of the idea that the Romanian thinker refused to become the founder of a philosophical system. Cioran has been a bitter enemy of the systematic way of thinking. He has considered that the technical language of systematic philosophy is secluded, vacant and devoided of existential deep. For this reason, his philosophical work has a strong and subjective impression and it stays under the sign of selfconfesion. His books are built within the enthusiasm and sadness of a moment and also of spontaneous judgments and explosive feelings. His philosophical conclusions are the result of his personal experience, interwoven with poetry of a serious and synthetic metaphysics, , which closes in a few words the essential truths exposed with a high honesty. Behind his philosophical sincerity, there is hiding a lot of suffering and the essays he wrote are designed within the enthusiasm or in a minute of despair. Cioran is distinguished from its congeners by the fact that he is the author of another kind of humanism. From this perspective, he has chosen the type of man „case,” which is a continuous quarrel with divinity. He chooses the fall, and during this fall, he modifies the reference systems: he is transforming suffering into joy and despair into vanity. The existential environment necessary for human existence consists of pain and disgust. In contrast, ordinary man is only melancholy, or slightly depressed. Sadness, despair and abandonment cause a „change of face,” which are also necessary steps on the road of slipping inwards. Unlike genuine people, poor people have a censorship of thoughts. Self-censorship prevents them from falling into despair, helps them to banish sorrow. For „human case,” however, „to think” is the equivalent of „to suffer.” Being on the position of the „human case”, Cioran confesses that he is not always sad, because sometimes he manages to censor his sadness. When he can not bear absolute sadness, he just stops his thoughts, he does no longer think to the sources of his delusions. Moreover, he admits that writing was for him a liberating source, a pleasant and effective therapeutic tool. Writing kept him away from madness, helped him to keep his innocence.
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The purpose of the article is to conceptualize the phenomenon of cultural identity as a resource for social development. The methodology is based on the dialectical interrelationship of the following methods: hermeneutic method - for reveal the essence of the phenomena «cultural code» and «cultural identity»; systematic-structural approach - for comprehending cultural identity as a complex system in its structural correlation; historical-comparative - to determine the transformation algorithm of the phenomenon. The scientific novelty consists in the analysis of cultural identity (individual and group) in the chronotope through the prism of the cultural code and the identification of an invariant basis that ensures the integrity of its structure during external and internal changes. Conclusions. The essence and structure of the cultural code as a moderator of cultural identity are revealed. The interpretation of cultural identity as a resource of social development from the perspective of the I–Another concept was carried out. The semantic transformations of cultural identity in the context of the entry of one culture into the axiosphere of the Another were analyzed.
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The purpose of the article is to identify problems of intercultural cooperation in the production and distribution of films directed by auteur cinema and to identify scientific guidelines that will contribute to a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon of Ukrainian auteur cinema in the intercultural space. Methodology. An analytical method was used to study the topic, which is necessary to study the art history and cultural aspects of the problem. In addition, the researcher used methods of systematization and generalization, which were useful to argue the identity of the phenomenon of directing auteur cinema, its place in modern cultural processes, as well as to determine the objective patterns that characterize auteur cinematographic practices in modern intercultural space. A cross-cultural method was also used, which helped to identify the peculiarities of production and distribution of films directed by auteur films in the system of international cooperation. In turn, the culturological approach led to a generalized socio-cultural orientation of the study of the author's cinema of postmodern and postmodern culture. The scientific novelty of the study is that the problem of intercultural cooperation in the production and distribution of auteur cinema in Ukraine and abroad in the context of the functioning of international support programs has first become the subject of a special study; the content of the concepts "intercultural dialogue", "co-production" as certain specific integrity and unity of interconnected elements are argued; the works of Ukrainian film directors-authors, whose films were created as international projects, are singled out and characterized; the expediency of using the system method in studying the peculiarities of the international filmmaking process is proved; a comprehensive analysis and features of production and distribution of films by directors-authors in co-production projects in Ukraine and abroad. Conclusions. Acquaintance with the materials presented in the article expands the arsenal of knowledge on the specifics of production and distribution of films of directorial models of auteur cinema within intercultural projects and allows their use in training courses on the theory and history of cinema and directing.
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The purpose of the article is to systematize the regional material on the cultural approach of communities to the development of civil society. The research methodology was based on the use of general scientific and special methods. The method of theoretical generalization was used to develop the concept of the stated topic and develop recommendations for improving the development of territorial communities, which are presented in the conclusions. The culturological method allowed to analyze the resource and cultural potential of civil society development in the regional dimension. Methods of systematization and comparison made it possible to identify features of socio-cultural development of different territorial communities of the Rivne region. The scientific novelty of the work is to identify the cultural potential of territorial communities to build civil society in Ukraine. Conclusions. Problems of territorial communities are typical for Ukraine: insufficiency and inefficiency of financing; inconsistency and imperfection of the existing infrastructure; lack of quality roads; inconsistency of work or lack of CNAPs; obsolescence of premises in need of repair or reconstruction; staff shortage, etc. Activation of communities affects the development of civil society, which in turn is a stimulating factor for their development. Ways to improve the development of territorial communities are inter-municipal cooperation in all spheres of community life; providing quality services to citizens; job creation not only for young people but for all citizens; cluster approach (a partnership between public, private, civic structures) to the implementation of cultural activities for the formation of the regional cultural space; the cultural heritage of territorial communities as a basic basis of regional development; introduction of innovations, including digitalization, in community development; the synergy of modern information technologies at the community level as a way to timely public awareness of local cultural and artistic projects and activation of citizens to participate in them.
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The purpose of the article is to analyze the existing Cultural Routes of the Council of Europe, to explore the historical and cultural connection of these routes with tourist destinations and cultural monuments of Ukraine, to identify those tracks of the Council of Europe to which our country can connect. The methodology involves the treatment of general scientific and special methods, including comparative, analytical, synthesis methods, historical and cultural systems. The scientific novelty of the article is the study of key links between European cultural routes and local historical and cultural sites; in forming a list of cultural routes which possess grounds to be joined for Ukrainian tourist destinations, museums, etc. Conclusions. In the XXI century, the development of tourist destinations, in particular, and tourism as a socio-cultural phenomenon, in general, is correlated with several global factors. One of the mentioned circumstances is the pan-European cultural process, including cultural programs successfully implemented by the Council of Europe. Ukraine has joined only three routes out of the 45 certified European cultural paths. At the same time, according to the study, our country can already apply for active participation in 18 relevant cultural and tourist routes related to the history and culture of Ukraine. Another 11 routes require additional research as well as historical and cultural studies. Joining the above-mentioned Cultural Routes of the Council of Europe will contribute a powerful stimulus for the development of tourist destinations, the formation of advanced models of cultural tourism, the improvement of historical and cultural monuments as well as the intensification of scientific research in the particular field.
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The purpose of the article is to clarify the essence and place of decentralization in the system of culture of the Dnipropetrovsk region and the Development Strategy. To identify and investigate factors preventing active implementation of decentralization in the cultural sphere of the industrial region. The article reveals and discusses the main vectors of forces that should lead the sector of culture from the periphery of political interests and ensure its one of the main places in the public and political arena of Ukraine. The methodology is based on using analysis and observations to identify the phenomena of decentralization in culture and its further implementation in the region, particularly, the identification of factors that have a negative and positive impact on the sphere of culture through the prism of decentralization, and also the establishment of a ruinous force that encourages the preservation and multiplication of cultural values. The scientific novelty lies in the research into the problem of decentralization of culture at a higher level than that of the borders of the country. The Dnipropetrovsk region is an industrial region with a clear industrial specialization, which among the various areas has shortcomings in the sphere of culture, including in the mechanism of decentralization. The implementation of this dimension will allow reaching a solution to the problems that are urgent in the sphere of culture and lay a solid foundation for new innovation and cultural development of the Dnipropetrovsk region. Conclusions. As a result of the research, the main factors affecting the implementation of decentralization in the sphere of culture in the Dnipropetrovsk region were identified and the solution of problematic issues was proposed, namely by identifying priority areas, such as Active economic activity of cultural institutions, the attraction of investors, implementation of a new human resources policy, differentiation of management decisions at the local stage, which will contribute to the modernization of the level of culture in the region.
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The current escalation of the cultural conflict in Poland is described as a cultural war between neo-traditionalist and liberal worldviews. Drawing on psychoanalytic political theory and Poststructuralist Discourse Theory (PDT), fantasmatic narratives are deemed as an instrument to conceal the non-necessary character of identities. Based on the direct observation of the counter-marches against LGBT parades in Kalisz, Lublin, and Kraków (2019-2020), this article shows how fantasies define the ‘authentic Polish way of life’: from the traditional family in an idyllic scenario (beatific fantasy) to the ‘LGBT virus’ (horrific fantasy), fantasies sustain a neo-traditionalist conception of Polishness and exclude antagonistic visions. Also, religious symbols are sublimated to embody the lost unity: a harmonious society without the conflict generated by the liberal value system. The fantasmatic logic analyzed in the article explains how neo-traditionalist fantasies strengthen identities and provide the necessary ideological ground to resist the emancipatory impetus of liberalism.
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The text is dedicated to the memory of Professor Wojciech J. Burszta.
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Poporul albanez a întâmpinat numeroase dificultăţi din cauza restricţionărilor de ordin politic. Cu toate acestea, au reuşit în permanenţă să-şi construiască, pentru ei şi pentru familiile lor, un viitor mai bun. O soluţie pentru o viaţă mai bună a fost cea a imigrării, iar Statele Unite ale Americii au devenit ţinta principală. Studiul de faţă şi-a propus să studieze începuturile şi dezvoltarea fenomenului imigraţionist albanez în Statele Unite, motivele care au stat la baza acestuia, obiectivele urmărite de imigranţi, precum şi efectele înregistrate atât în societatea albaneză, cât şi în cea americană. De asemenea, studiul reflectă şi transformările care au avut loc la nivelul vieţii cotidiene a albanezilor, care s-au adaptat la modul de viaţă american. Au fost analizate surse de documentare diverse pentru a pune în discuţie mai multe puncte de vedere ale unor autori care au studiat acest fenomen.
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This article presents an analysis of the tombstones in the Trnovac cemetery of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The studied area was characterized with an emphasis on the features of the local cultural borderland and the history of the city. The text also includes the description of the study and its results. The aim of the presented analysis was to indicate departures from the expected state which result from the characteristics of this borderland, and to attempt to explain them. The importance of the cemetery as a source of information was also emphasized.
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The social phenomenon that takes place in nowadays Europe is the result of political changes and tendencies. Within UE, there are some concepts, such as education and its importance, the archetype of the European citizen, that cannot be separated in the official documents of the Union. If we consider the invisible walls, that separate the diferent national cultures, we may notice that every educational programme has some socioaffective features. School and library represent the official frame of education; library is the ideal place for intercultural and multiethnical education, having as a main goal the understanding, acceptance and the assuming of human diversity. Library is the perfect place for affirming, manifesting and presenting the various cultures. It is the place that allows a different kind of communication.
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Review of: Mircea Popa, Andrei Veress - un bibliograf maghiar, prieten al românilor, Vulcan, Realitatea Românească, 2006, 271 p.
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Review of: Gh. F. Ciauşanu, Superstiţiile poporului român: în asemănare cu ale altor popoare vechi şi noi, Bucureşti, Editura Saeculum IO, 2005, 335 p. (Colecţia Mythos)
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Review of: Richard D. Lewis, Să cunoaştem mai bine popoarele lumii: cum să te descurci cu succes în diferite tipuri de cultură, Bucureşti, Niculescu, 2005, 368 p.
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This article provides a textual and visual analysis of Hirsi Ali and van Gogh’s controversial short film Submission (2004) and Marc Forster’s The Kite Runner (2007). Emphasis is placed on rhetorical and plot strategies aimed at reinforcing unproductive Orientalist stereotypes of Islam and Muslims. The goal of this analysis is to find out how Muslims and Islam are presented in Submission and The Kite Runner, based on E. Said’s work Orientalism (1978) and to identify the role of cinematography in creating stereotypes in different cultural environments. Theo van Gogh’s assassination influenced public attitudes towards Muslims. The following tasks were set: to analyze the concept of Orientalism and stereotypes, connections with the media and the influence of popular culture on their expression; to find out the role of the Muslim minority in the process of constructing social reality (stereotypes); to analyze how Muslims and Islam are presented in the films Submission and The Kite Runner. Summarizing the analysis of the film Submission, it should be noted that the main character is supposedly portrayed as being oppressed by Islamic culture, who lived in complete isolation, thus reinforcing negative attitudes and stereotypes in society towards Muslims, especially women. However, the subject of Submission, feminism or the oppression of women, was never the main subject of discussion, on the contrary, it was Islamic radicalism, extremism and terrorism. Meanwhile, after analyzing the film The Kite Runner, it should be noted that the plot reveals stereotypes about Islam and Muslims that exist in both Western and Eastern societies. Oriental characters are portrayed in the film as much lower in morality and values than, for example, Westerners. The film’s episodes emphasize fanatical consequences of both terrorism and Islamism, and the relationship between the main characters reflects the orientalist culture of Afghanistan.
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