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CONSIDERATIONS ON THE MODERN FACE OF WAR

Author(s): Ilie ANGIU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The specific means of war is the armed struggle, which is destructive. By triggering a war, politics pursues its aims, but uses other means, the means of armed struggle. Armies are closely linked to technological developments. They are the first beneficiaries of technical and scientific progress. Contemporary military conflicts have highlighted new orientations and concepts of military action, characterized by complexity,mobility, dynamism, the use of high technology and almost totally professional forces,integrated actions of all categories of forces and arms genres. The space for the armedstruggle in its terrestrial, aerial, maritime and cosmic dimension tends to becomeincreasingly integrated, completely cybernetic, with increasing tendencies to expand into theelectromagnetic environment based on spectacular developments in the technical-scientificfield.

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MULTIDIMENSIONAL JOB ANALYSIS IN THE MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS

Author(s): Corneliu Axente,Costache Rusu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The officers’ advancement in the military career is represented by the translation from execution posts to command posts. Commitment to a command post involves an exponential increase of the task diversity and analyses information flow. Also there’s a need for continuous skills development in leadership and resource managing. Under these circumstances, the occupied command post involves a mix of various challenges in managing simultaneously and synchronously human, material, and time resources available within the organization.This paper proposes a classification used for analyzing the management positions within the military organizations, thus obtaining a way of expressing their complexity and their value, as well as identifying the coordinates needed to be achieved by the military organizations managers from the point of view of different skills or managerial types imposed by the specifics of the occupied post.

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FIELD ARTILLERY FIRE COMMAND AND CONTROL DIGITAL INTEROPERABILITY

Author(s): Alexandru Herciu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The contemporary operational environment is filled with hybrid threats manifested in open wars or in the grey zone conflicts. The challenges posed by an open hybrid conflict to the tactical units’ operations physiognomy are yet to be identified and addressed according to the lessons learned from the conflicts labeled as hybrid. While, to a certain extent, it is obvious what should be the tactical units’ reaction against a hybrid threat in a host nation territory, it is still not clear what options the Land Forces have in the case of a homeland intervention to counter such a threat posed by a covert actor not crossing the threshold that would activate a state of emergency. Another important question mark is referring to the real possibilities of the tactical units to be proactive in order to smoothly prepare the ground for a facile armed intervention against a hybrid threat within its national borders.

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Comparing Normativity in Foreign Policy: China, India, the EU, the US and Russia

Author(s): Natalie Tocci,Ian Manners / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The conceptual framework presented in chapter 1 of this book to assess normativity in foreign policy presumes that any international player can act in a variety of ways in different foreign policy instances. In this final chapter we shall conclude by attempting the difficult task of comparing such normativity in the foreign policies of the five major global actors, selected in view of their population sizes and permanent seats on the UN Security Council – China, India, EU, US and Russia.

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SEEKING A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: HOW TO DEFINE AND IDENTIFY POPULIST PARTIES?

Author(s): Aneta Pinková,Vlastimil Havlík / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Recent decades have seen a pronounced rise in political parties which may be identified as populist. Scholars have reacted with an increased number of studies devoted to the phenomena of party populism and other expressions of populism. Special attention has been paid to political parties identified as radical right-wing populist parties and nationalist populist parties. (Former) Communist political parties have also often been included under the populist umbrella (see, e.g., Deegan-Krause 2007, March 2008).

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BALTIC COUNTRIES

Author(s): Ilze Balcere / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

When one is asked to identify a typical populist party from the party systems of East-Central European countries, there is only a slight chance that a party from the Baltic States will be named. Indeed, if we look at the body of research on populism in this region, the usual cases under investigation are, for example, the Slovak National Party, the Party of Hungarian Truth and Justice, Czech Republicans or the League of Polish Families (see, for instance, Dočekalová 2006). So far, cross-national or single case studies on populism in the Baltics have been an exception, rather than a systematic and well-developed research field.

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THE POLITICS OF POPULISM IN BULGARIA

Author(s): Blagovesta Cholova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Populism has become a widely discussed topic over the last decade, both in Western Europe and in East-Central Europe. Although there is not a clear definition of this political phenomenon, many scholars have tried to tackle the issue of the emergence and the success of populist parties and movements and to offer an insight into its causes and the consequences.

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THE POLITICS OF POPULISM IN HUNGARY

Author(s): Vratislav Havlík / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

There are many reasons why it is difficult to apply the concept of populism to Hungarian politics. However good a definition of party populism is, research of this phenomenon in the Hungarian party system runs into obstacles which hinder one’s endeavours and to some degree distort the reality. The most important obstacle is the concept’s pervasive presence in the country’s own discourse: in journalism and in society generally, but also in literature, both popular and scholarly.

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THE ROLE OF THE PRESIDENT IN BULGARIAN POLITICS: THE VETO AS A TOOL FOR LEGITIMATION?

Author(s): Blagovesta Cholova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The presidential institution in most Central and East-European countries has passed through different stages of development since 1989. The role of presidents has changed over time and developed different patterns and characteristics in different countries, even though the institutional framework is quite similar in most of the countries in the region.

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SUMMARY

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The book aims at an examination of the discrepancies between the formal and actual positions of presidents in Central and Eastern European countries, especially those which are classified as parliamentary democracies and those which have semi-presidential features. Constitutionally, presidents are normally endowed with symbolic functions and duties that are shared with the government (such as appointment of important officials), regardless of whether they are elected directly or indirectly.

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Advancing Comparative Research on the Extent and Impacts of Intermunicipal Cooperation

Author(s): Troy Mix,Eduard Bakoš,Filip Hrůza / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Why do municipalities cooperate and what are the main impacts of such cooperation? Though intermunicipal cooperation (IMC) is not a new public administration topic, answers to these basic questions remain unsettled. In an effort to address these questions, this paper scopes a cross-national comparative research agenda on IMC by 1) identifying data sources and methods that can reveal the extent and impacts of IMC in the Czech Republic and the US and 2) characterizing the implementation of IMC in these settings.

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Tax Evasion Views - European Values Study Results

Author(s): Hana Zídková,Jana Tepperová,Karel Helman / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Tax morale and compliance are currently high on the developed countries’ governmental agenda. Tax policymakers search for ways to prevent tax evasion. Tax collection and inclinations towards tax evasion are related not only to taxation system features, but also to institutional and social factors, such as citizens’ beliefs and values. We use the European Value Study survey and compare particular countries by their citizens’ willingness to justify cheating on taxes and paying in cash to avoid taxation. The responses to the questions are scaled from 1 to 10, where 1 represents zero tolerance for tax evasion or paying cash, thus enabling it.

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Region to Region Comparison of Selected Social Services for Senior Citizens

Author(s): Miloslava Kašparova,Jiří Křupka,Pavel Jirava / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This contribution deals with the topic of certain social services provided on the level of and by the Czech Republic [CR) administrative regions. This contribution is focused senior citizens [elderly) target group. The objective of a background study executed for the purpose of this contribution was to identify how social services for this target group had developed with time. The objective is also to show what the midterm tendencies in this services sector in connection with democratic developments towards population ageing are. Relevant data was acquired from Regional information service [RIS) and from the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of the CR [MPSV CR).

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Management Trends in Slovakia's Tax Revenue Administration and its Process Model for Slovakia's Economic Performance

Author(s): Ján Dobrovič,Anton Korauš / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Within the frame of the research on this matter, we came out form the existing functional organizational structures and tax administration systems not only in Slovakia but also in Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic and Slovenia, where as the fundamental prerequisite of investigation was increasing efficiency of the system globally.

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Competitiveness in Slovak and Czech Public Procurement and its Effect on the Final Price

Author(s): Matúš GREGA,Juraj Nemec / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Public expenditures via public procurement accounts for a significant percentage of GDP - around 15 %. Most authors agree that there is an inversely proportional relation between competitiveness and the final price of the public procurement (Kuhlman and Johnson, 1983; Brannman, 1987; Rose-Akerman, 1999; Gupta, 2002; Pavel, 2010; and many others). According to some authors, price decreases caused by increasing competitiveness stop when there are 6-8 participating competitors and they describe this point as fully competitive procurement. When full competitiveness is reached, subsequent additional competitors have only a minimal or no impact on the final procurement price.

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Financial Results of the Company Depending upon Accounting Procedures (Comparison of the Czech Accounting Standards and IAS/IFRS)

Author(s): Irena Honková,Jonáš Výbora / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This texts is concerned with financial results of the company depending upon chosen procedures of accounting. Accounting procedures based on the Czech accounting standards (CAS) and accounting procedures based on the International accounting standards/International financial reporting standards (IAS/IFRS) are compared. The comparison of achieved financial results is based on the known synthetic index of the financial analyses - Altman Z-score - of the bankruptcy model.

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Sovereign Bond Spreads as a Predictors of Gross Domestic Product Growth in North America

Author(s): Jana Hvozdenská,Veronika Kajurová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The yield curve - specifically the spread between long term and short term interest rates is a valuable forecasting tool. It is simple to use and significantly outperforms other financial and macroeconomic indicators in predicting recessions two to six quarters ahead. The steepness of the yield curve should be an excellent indicator of a possible future economic activity. A rise in the short rate tends to flatten the yield curve as well as to slow real growth the near term. This paper aims to analyze the dependence between slope of the yield curve and an economic activity of countries of North America (Canada, Mexico, the United States of America) between the years 2000 and 2014. The slope of the yield curve can be measured as the yield spread between sovereign 10-year bonds and sovereign 3-month bonds.

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Cash Levels and its Role in Full Operating Cycle Enterprises: 2005-2013 Czech, Slovak, Hungarian and Polish Enterprises Case

Author(s): Grzegorz Michalski,Emilia Brożyna,Joanna Soroczynska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The main purpose of the paper is a scientific discussion about the influence of risk and uncertainty on cash levels in enterprises in the context of their innovative economic policy realized in their specific economic environment. The aim of the study is to determine the rules governing the modern cash management in V4 enterprises with a full operating cycle with particular emphasis on economic environmental conditions influencing enterprises.

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Financial Literacy: An International Comparison between Germany and the Czech Republic

Author(s): Alexander Zureck,Martin Svoboda / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper analyzes the financial decision making of students from Germany and from the Czech Republic. The countries have different financial education strategies to improve financial literacy. This has impacts on students' financial decision making. In comparison, German students favor traditional financial products like call money, saving books, life insurance, and funds. Students from Czech Republic invest more than the average in real estates and in capital market products like stocks, corporate bonds, and government bonds.

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Arii protejate – concepte, tipologii, politici privind biodiversitatea / ariile naturale protejate la nivel european şi în România

Author(s): Oana Catalina Popescu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The chapter explores theconcepts, typology, and policies on biodiversity related to the natural protected areas in Europe and Romania.

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