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LIBERTATEA UMANĂ CA DREPT FUNDAMENTAL, ÎN CONTEXTUL PROBLEMATICII TRAFICULUI DE PERSOANE – O PERSPECTIVĂ CREȘTINĂ

Author(s): Oliviu-Petru Botoi / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

Freedom is one of the fundamental human rights which they benefits from by the very act of God’s creation. Despite social progress and social policies development in numerous countries around the world, but specially in highly developed democratic countries, the right to freedom is seriously infringed in the context of human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation, labour exploitation, forced begging and criminality or illicit trade in human organs.Against these forms of human exploitation a unified perspective from christian social theology is needed, which to create concrete forms of intervention and information and awareness amongst the believers. In this paper, we aim to do a brief overview on human trafficking from a christian perspective, given the fact that this still current practice is in flagrant violation of human freedom and dignity as gifts of the supreme Creator offered to any man on this earth,regardless of nationality, ethnicity, religion, sex, age, and others.

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JESUS CHRIST AND HUMAN RIGHTS

Author(s): Mihai Stoicescu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The coronavirus pandemic highlighted both the sacrifice of some to save human lives, but unfortunately also highlighted a cruel reality: selective medical treatment, argued by the fact that the medical staff was overwhelmed by the situation. The crises in Syria or Afghanistan have upset the international community,which has proved unprepared for the wave of refugees. Against the background of terrorism originating in these areas, the prejudices were those that marked some communities, making them unable to react to the need for security of refugees.

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The Political-Religious Mission of Papal Inquisitor John of Capistrano in Banat and Transylvania

Author(s): Florin Dobrei / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

In the enthusiastic atmosphere of the initialling, at Ferrara-Florence (1438-1439), of the union between the Western and the Eastern Church, in Banat and in southwest Transylvania appeared the papal inquisitor John of Capistrano, emblematic personality of the Roman missionary in the middle of the XVth century. The purpose of his arrival was that of consolidating the union between the two Churches and through this, of strengthening the common anti-Ottoman front, in the eve of the great battle of Belgrade (1456), battle in which, as a matter of fact, he gave his life, together with his main collaborator, the Romanian voivode John Hunyadi.

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Catéchismes catholiques en France entre 1810 et 1950. Une courte présentation analytique

Author(s): Vasile Crețu / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2021

It is during the Restauration (1814-1830) that catechisms available before the Revolution are first republished. However, from 1822, bishops start preparing and publishing on their own new diocesan catechisms structured in three parts: the Creed or the truth on the salvation, morality or what must be done to be saved (the works of salvation) and the sacraments or means that are offered for our salvation. The publishing of these tripartite catechisms will spread in the francophone Catholic era during the second half of the 19th century and continue over the first half of the 20th century. This structure shows that catechism is involved in the mutation of the ecclesial issues of the 19th century. Now the ecclesial priority of catechism is children’s education by instruction with a view to making the people of the future, able to profess their faith in an increasingly dechristianized society, a society whose generation is departing and most of it perish. In fact, dechristianization will laminate like a thin blade the Christian substratum of the industrial cities and urban areas during the second part of the XIXth century, period of development of the industrial society. In this context of growing dechristianization of the cities, the quest of the world salvation imposed taking care of the children’s salvation first, given the fact that these children, preparing for their first Communion, will be the adults of tomorrow. The Catechism of the Council of Trent aimed at transforming the “Christian ignorant in faith-related things” into a “faithful”. Within the tripartite catechisms, this concern for the unity of the human action through knowledge is apparently no longer the priority; the main issue is to educate children in order to live as good Christians, which means professing their faith and showing it by assuming the duties it imposes, with a view to salvation, perceived in the perspective of the afterlife. From then on, the catechism has been perceived and implemented as children’s education, with a view to preparing the adult Christian.

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Les principes qui sous-tendent les relations entre l’Église et l’État dans l’Union européenne en lien avec les réalités socio-culturelles spécifiques

Author(s): Patriciu Vlaicu / Language(s): French Issue: 3/2021

The European Union, as a regional organization, has as its main objectives: to provide an area of freedom, security and justice; to combat social exclusion and discrimination; to promote social cohesion and solidarity; to respect the richness of its cultural diversity. The area of church-state relations ensures one of the objectives of the Union, that of being an area of freedom, of which freedom of religion and belief is particularly complex. It is not governed by European rules, but we can note the existence of unwritten principles governing these relations. After clarifying the content of each principle, the study shows which are the main models of Church-State relations at Union level and how they have crystallised on the basis of the specific socio-cultural realities of each context.

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Religious Freedom in the Romanian People’s Republic at the Beginning of the Establishment of the Totalitarian Communist Regime. A Legal and Canonical Approach

Author(s): Răzvan Perșa / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The present research attempts to identify the relationship between the legal stipulation of religious freedom and its active guarantee at the beginning of the communist regime in Romania. Although the subject could be considered of a strictly historical value, the re-questioning of the year 1948 may be beneficial for the pandemic context of 2020-2021 and the State-Church relationship in Romania, given the rapidity of the restrictive measures taken both in 1948 and in 2020-2021 regarding religious freedom. Although the contexts are different, one is socio-political, post-war, and the other is epidemiological, the restrictive measures were in both systems legally based, thus obtaining a protective legal umbrella, both constitutional and normative. Regarding the fatidical year of 1948, I will attempt to emphasize how the new followers of the communist legal vision tried to substantiate the State’s interferences in religious fares. Unfortunately, among them were not only second-hand jurists, pseudo-academic products of The Communist Party, but even some illustrious theologians of the Romanian Orthodox Church.

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Mircea Buta, Aspects of the Church Singing from Arad at the Turn of the Millennia

Author(s): Tiberiu Ardelean / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Review of: Mircea Buta, “Aspects of the Church Singing from Arad at the Turn of the Millennia”, Editura Muzicală, București, 2017

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The Religious Freedom of the Orthodox Romanians in Banat during the Great War

Author(s): Daniel Alic / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The proposed study is a sequence of history that talks about the religious freedom of Romanians in Banat during the First World War. Three distinct periods are identified in the religious and national expression of Romanians. The first refers to the first two years of the conflagration, when the Romanians from Banat fought in a war that was not theirs. Priests or believers who dared to make statements against the official position of the state, or to act in support of peace suffered arrests and torture. Another stage was marked with Romania’s entry into the war. The difficulties intensified, the soul of the Romanians was put to the test and those who showed up to join the brothers from across the Carpathians were sent to the camps and even killed. The expression of the desire for national unity that happened in Alba Iulia on December 1,1918 did not solve the problems of the people of Banat either. They also went through a period of suppression of freedoms during the Serbian occupation, which ended in early August 1919.

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Pr. Gabriel-Viorel Gârdan, Pr. Emilian-Iustinian Roman, Pr. Ioan Cozma, Căsătoria şi familia. Izvoare legislative bisericeşti şi laice (sec. XX-XXI)

Author(s): Cosmin Panturu / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

Review of: Pr. Gabriel-Viorel Gârdan, Pr. Emilian-Iustinian Roman, Pr. Ioan Cozma, "Căsătoria şi familia. Izvoare legislative bisericeşti şi laice (sec. XX-XXI)", volumul II, Doxologia, Iaşi, 2020, 654 pp.

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СТИХИ И ПИСЬМА ЯКОВА ЕМЕЛЬЯНОВА КАК ИСТОЧНИК ДЛЯ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ НОРМЫ ТАТАР-КРЯШЕН XIX ВЕКА

Author(s): Fanuza Sh. Nurieva,Gulnaz N. Fakhretdinova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 04 (43)/2021

The article analyzes the language features of Yakov Emelyanov’s collection of “Poems in the Christianized-Tatar language”, published in 1879 for Baptized Tatars. Written manuscripts are one of the main sources for studying the history of the language, however, this collection has not yet been considered. The article analyzes the phonetic, morphological, and lexical features in the text. The language of the poems is compared with the linguistic material of the translated liturgical Cyrillic books, the Tatar literary language and its modem dialects. The results suggest that there are a number of graphic and phonetic features, including rounded vowels, the use of diphthongs and certain vowels and consonants in accordance with the literary variants, and the vowel deletion. The morphological features include the affix -ym, -em instead of the literary first person singular of the future tense with -r, the infinitive -maga affix instead of the literary -rga, as well as lexical peculiarities that distinguish the poems language from the modem Tatar literary language and some of its dialects. Moreover, all of them are recorded in the Mamadysh and Laishev dialects of the Tatar language, the regions where the poet was bom and lived. Thus, we can assume that forms of real colloquial words of that time are presented in Yakov Yemelyanov’s poems, and in translated liturgical books, these features were leveled. Analysis of the poems allows observing the history of the Tatar language and its dialects.

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Holy Brâncoveanu Martyrs – Model of Sacrifice and Supporters of Christian Culture

Author(s): Emilian Crişanul / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

In this study I wrote about the sacrifice of our Savior Jesus Christ on the Cross, as a prototype for the sacrifice of martyrs, a sacrificial work of confession of the Church continued by the family of the Holy Voivode Martyr Constantin Brâncoveanu until the martyrs of the communist period and today. Saint Constantin Brâncoveanu and Lady Maria were responsible parents, with love for God, lovers of children, having a family with eleven children, to whom they offered a Christian education and inspired them in cultivating Orthodox spirituality and confessing the faith until the sacrifice of life. Both Saint Constantine and Mary Brancoveanu and their children gave the Romanian people and our Church many spiritual-cultural works: buildings they founded (churches and monasteries), houses, schools, books, various objects, etc., all remaining in our country’s heritage.

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Elements of Old Jewish History and Culture

Author(s): Nestor Dinculeană / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

Without claiming to be exhaustive, the present study aims to present – briefly – some elements of Jewish history and cultural typology, circumscribed temporally to the period of the biblical patriarchs, to the Mosaic era,to the period of the judges and monarchy (first unique, then divided into two kingdoms: Israel and Judah), the Babylonian exile, and finally the post-exilic period; as sources, we have the books of the Old Testament and the results of the archeological investigations.

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History and Evolution of Funeral Services in the Orthodox Church

Author(s): / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The present study refers to the traditional liturgical arrangements related to the end of human life, emphasizing the historical evolution of the arrangements for commemorating those asleep, as they appear reflected from the documents of the fourth century to the current forms of funeral arrangements. At the end of the study, some general conclusions about the research undertaken are presented.

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Średniowieczne rachunki kościoła Świętojańskiego w Toruniu. Uwagi źródłoznawcze

Author(s): Alicja Sumowska,Marcin Sumowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 58/2020

The article discusses medieval accounts of St John’s Church in Toruń from the 15th and the first half of the 16th century. This set of financial records is made up of eight archival units kept in the State Archives in Toruń. The article describes their structure, content, authors and arrangement of the entries; there is also a presentation of the relationship between these accounts and municipal records of the town of Toruń.

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PĂTRUNDEREA CREŞTINISMULUI ÎN DACIA

Author(s): Livia Liliana Sibişteanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XXIV/1993

Din punct de vedere cultural adoptarea creştinismului de către popoarele supuse Imperiului Roman sau aflate sub directa sa influenţă a reprezentat alcătuirea unei unităţi culturale în locul cultului oficial al împăratului şi al zeiţei Roma, iar din punct de vedere politic a însemnat transformarea creştinismului dintr-o mişcare de opoziţie socială (am putea spune chiar ideologică) împotriva autocraţiei şi administraţiei imperiale, într-o religie de stat.

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Narodowy Chrześcijański Klub Robotniczy – działalność i myśl polityczna w Sejmie Ustawodawczym

Author(s): Jarosław Rabiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

The text shows the activity of the representation of the Christian Democratic in the Legislative Sejm of the Second Republic of Poland. It presents the composition of the Christian National Workers’ Club, its authorities and the dynamics of changes in the size of its membership. An analysis is made of Christian Democratic political thought, reconstructed based on the first programme of the Christian National Labour Party of 1920 and an analysis of the activity of Christian Democratic deputies in the plenary forum of the Legislative Sejm (here, the primary basis for sources were transcripts of sessions of the Legislative Sejm). The output of the Christian Democratic political thought was presented in regard to the following issues: the position of religion in public life, the role of education, the social question (especially the workers’ question), the political system (especially the contribution of the Christian Democrats to the work on the March Constitution of 1921) and policy. The analysis enabled reconstruction of the fundamental elements of Christian Democratic political thought, above all, their appreciation for a specific axiological system, and demonstrates the consistency of programmatic assumptions with legislative initiatives taken in parliament.

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Między reprodukcją a transformacją. Negocjowanie reguł dotyczących płci w społeczności rzymskokatolickich kobiet

Author(s): Anna Szwed / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The article focuses on the problem of negotiation of gender rules with-in a conservative Roman Catholic women’s community. The analysis is based on qualitative research conducted in 2019 and 2020 and is embedded in the theoretical concept of agency which is understood as a multifaceted phenomenon. Practices of negotiation of gender patterns are analysed in the context of two fields particularly important for the community, i.e. motherhood and the role of female body. The analysis reveals that gender rules can be simultaneously reproduced, reinterpreted and undermined so that religious women’s agency should be framed as a multidirectional phenomenon and that within the processes described in the article not only patterns of womanhood are negotiated but also understanding of the religious.

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RĂZBOIUL ȘI PACEA - PERSPECTIVE RELIGIOASE

Author(s): Emanuel Gafița / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10-12/2021

Researching the Old Testament we identify many clues that war has not been seen as part of mankind’s daily life. Also the central themes of the New Testament are the Savior’s sacrifice by which men were reconciled with God, and their sacrificial love for one another. Analyzing the vision captured in the Qur’an and other books considered to be sacred by the Islamic world, we come to the conclusion that the peace much desired by all mankind can only be achieved by transforming the whole world into Dar al-Islam.

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Câteva considerente cu privire la imaginea femeii în Europa occidentală a secolelor XI-XIV. Concepţia bisericii faţă de femeie oglindită în dreptul canonic medieval

Author(s): Lăcrămioara Marin / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XXVII/1998

Ce chapitre, La conception d’église a l’égard de femme reflétée dans le droit canonique médiéval, fait partie d’un ouvrage plus large: L'image de la femme dans I’Europe occidentale des XI-XIV siècles, qu’il suivi de voir la lumière de l’imprimerie à l’avenir.

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Trys požiūriai į marksizmą ir krikščionybę

Author(s): Alasdair MacIntyre / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4(104)/2021

Kai ši knyga buvo pirmą kartą išleista 1953 metais (tada jos pavadinimas buvo Marksizmas: interpretacija, Londonas: SCM leidykla), Stalinas dar nebuvo miręs, o šaltasis karas jau buvo įsibėgėjęs. 1953 metų vasario mėnesį buvo sukurta bendra NATO karinė vadovybė. Birželio mėnesio darbininkų sukilimo Rytų Berlyne numalšinimas įkūnijo negailestingą visos Rytų Europos subordinaciją Sovietų interesams. Anuomet tarp daugelio Vakarų apologetų jau buvo plačiai paplitę senu papročiu nekritiškai priimti Sovietų Sąjungos tvirtinimą, esą jos socialinė, politinė ir ekonominė praktika įkūnijusi marksizmo teoriją tam, kad patys galėtų pasiteisinti dėl visapusiško marksizmo atmetimo.

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