Международный научно-образовательный семинар "Литургические языки христианской Европы"
Conference report: International Scientific-Educational Seminar "Liturgical language of Christian Europe"
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Conference report: International Scientific-Educational Seminar "Liturgical language of Christian Europe"
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19–20 сентября 2016 г. на Кафедре славянской филологии Торуньского уни- верситета им. Николая Коперника (Польша) состоялась третья международная научная конференция “Старообрядцы в зарубежье: история, религия, язык, культура”, посвященная, как сказано в информационном сообщении, “разнообразным аспектам жизни старообрядцев вне России и за пределами юрисдик- ции Русской православной церкви”1. В работе конференции приняли участие исследователи из Польши, Латвии, Литвы, Эстонии и России. Всего на конфе- ренции было прочитано около 30 докладов (к сожалению, некоторые из заяв- ленных участников не смогли приехать).
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This article aims to uncover what knowledge about manuscript books of this time period has been acquired so far, whether the traditional manufacturing style of manuscript books was retained or it was brought closer to the one applied to printed books. Books currently stored in the Manuscript department of the WLLAS were selected as the object of this inquiry. Based on updated dating, 112 exemplars from libraries of Suprasl, Zhyrovichy, Markov and other monasteries were selected and studied de visu in the aspect of Book Science. The results obtained are only preliminary due to a limited number of studied samples. Therefore most remaining exemplars are written in Cyrillic for Orthodox and Uniate Churches. After comparing manuscript and printed books, it is evident that transcription process had been taking place in a two-way manner from the middle of the XVI c. up to the XVII c. While printed books were prepared and printed based solely on manuscripts held in libraries of monasteries, printed books were copied by hand in form of codices. If the first prints were deliberately made to resemble manuscript books, at the middle of the XVII century, scribers and illuminators endeavoured to create manuscript books which would look as similar to printed books as possible.
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Currently, value-based education occupies a leading position within the contemporary academic discourse on education. Catholic education holds a decent share in this overall discussion. This is partly due to the growing number of Catholics in Africa and Asia as well as globalization and secularization processes. Considering this fact, the philosophical underpinnings of Catholic education, its identity issues, and future perspectives are gaining more and more attention from the academic audience worldwide. In this study, an attempt was made to examine and compare two different concepts of Catholic education, one of Italian Catholic priest Fr. Luigi Giussani and that of the Jesuits. The research was aimed at analyzing and evaluating the similarities and differences of these concepts, revealing their interrelation. The analysis showed that these educational concepts have only slightly different goals and use different wording to define their aims. This situation is preconditioned by different historical-cultural contexts and experiences. In conclusion, Jesuit education tends to stress academic achievements and a value-based education approach, while Giussani’s concept emphasizes an interest in showing the importance and meaning of human reality and value education through its verification according to real-life needs. This allows to categorize Jesuit education as more traditionally-Catholic oriented while viewing Giussani’s concept as more suitable for Western secularized societies, which are not or less familiar with such notions as fate, religion, Christianity, God, etc. Despite the fact that these concepts employ different educational methods and approaches and have only slightly different goals, their interrelationship can be described as complementary rather than differentiated or competing.
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XIV a. prancūzų logiko Jono Buridano traktatas „Dialektikos sąvadas“ (Summulae de dialectica) – tai didelės apimties, net iš aštuonių knygų susidedantis veikalas, skirtas modalinių silogizmų analizei ir į lietuvių kalbą verčiamas pirmą sykį. Jame aptariami tokie iš dviejų prielaidų ir išvados sudėti samprotavimai, kuriuose kalbama apie būtinas, galimas arba atsitiktines dalykų padėtis. Penktojoje traktato knygoje „De syllogismis“ Buridanas išsamiai apibūdina tarp modalumų galiojančius loginius ryšius ir nusako pagrindines modalines išvedimo taisykles, tam pasitelkdamas dažnai nenatūraliai skambančią, nuo kasdienės vartosenos smarkiai nutolusią lotynų kalbą (toks pusiau formalus kalbos stilius neišvengiamai atsispindi ir lietuviškame vertime, kurį, pernelyg nenutolstant nuo originalaus teksto, siekta padaryti kaip įmanoma patrauklesnį šiuolaikiniam skaitytojui). Vertimas atliktas dalyvaujant mokslininkų grupių projekte „Tradicinės modalumų logikos tyrimas pasitelkiant šiuolaikinės logikos teorijas ir informacines technologijas“. Šiame projekte dalyvaujantys mokslininkai dr. Jonas Dagys (VU Filosofijos institutas), dr. Haroldas Giedra (VU Informatikos institutas) ir dr. Živilė Pabijutaitė (VU Filosofijos institutas) siekia nustatyti Buridano modalinės logikos santykį su plačiai žinomomis ir naudojamomis šiuolaikinės modalinės logikos sistemomis K, T, S4, S5. Vertėja dėkoja projekte dalyvaujantiems kolegoms už produktyvias diskusijas, padėjusias kurti lietuviškąjį modalinės logikos žodyną.
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The contemporary man, wanting to define his place in time, needs bonds and continuity, he needs remembrance and knowledge about the legacy of the past. The strength of creative consciousness, thanks to which the man can lean towards the future without any fear, comes from tradition. Tradition is a dynamic phenomenon, it is not inherited as something complete, already worked out. In order to “have” it, you have to shape it with much effort, and even “nurture” it. In the face of the past, one must adopt an attitude of respect, recognition, and, if necessary, admiration or criticism. Then you have to experience it “as if again”, drawing conclusions for the present and the future. Memory aids consciousness in choosing what tradition passes down from generation to generation. Essentially, it passes a hope that invigorates human desires in the pursuit of good and lofty goals. The memory of humanity is the memory of humaneness, it is the consciousness of who a human is in the face of his limitations and possibilities. In order to renew the memory of humanity, it is worth trying today to find a way to revive the creative dialogue between tradition and the present. Tradition, related to cultural heritage, is expressed in the culture of a specific society and the process of socialization of its members. Valued and cherished by the community, it protects itself: protects it from betraying the cultural heritage developed over generations; consolidates the identity and freedom of the community; motivates to noble actions in the spirit of brotherliness and solidarity.
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The subject of this presentation is to present the apologetic face of the First Bishop of Rzeszów, Kazimierz Górny, on the basis of selected pastoral letters, conferences and sermons. The above presentation highlights the apologetic face of Bishop Kazimierz Górny, who, being a defender of the human person, the Church, the principles of Catholic faith and morality, and patriotic values, is at the same time a man of dialogue and consensus. Steadfast in the principled matters of God, he remains always open and cordial towards every human being. He is especially sensitive to people who are poor, sick, lost or who are looking for God. The apologetic face of Bishop Kazimierz shown does not exhaust the beauty of his person and the richness of his personality. It is worth emphasizing that we can see His apologetic face not only in His teaching - as presented above - but also in the attitude to life, i.e. the testimony of life, and especially in the sensitivity of the heart, Christian joy and a cordial smile, which is the simplest way to the heart of every human being.
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In the article the teaching of Mother Teresa Kalkstein on the calling to religious life is presented. The fourth General Superior of the Congregation of the Sisters of the Resurrection of Our Lord Jesus Christ devoted a lot of attention to the religious vocation, including the theoretical questions and practical suggestions of carrying one’s vocation in everyday life. Despite the passage of time, some of her thoughts have remained relevant. That is why her writings can still be a useful and interesting reading for the consecrated persons.
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Consecrated life is a specific act which results in the state of making saints what is related to fallen nature. Consecration has its place only in the Church. Consecration is also considered to be the central moment of Eucharistic prayer. There are two basic forms of consecrated life: community and individual. Consecrated persons include both clergy and laity. In addition to religious orders, there are other forms of consecrated life that include associations of apostolic life. Some of the consecrated persons are called to mystical life. For centuries, people of consecrated life have not been free from various difficulties. One of them was a misunderstanding about his nature, what it is. Difficulties also concerned certain causes that occurred inside and outside the ecclesial community. In addition, a lack of understanding of consecrated life can sometimes be seen among consecrated persons themselves.
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Holy Masses for the Homeland exercised by Bl. Fr. Jerzy Popiełuszko in Warsaw’s Żoliborz, in the years 1982-1984, are one of the basic identifying elements of his ministry. During these liturgies, he delivered famous sermons, which with time became, among others, the reason for the actions of the communist repression apparatus aimed at the chaplain of “Solidarity”. Each of the monthly Eucharists was devoted to a specific topic, which was marked by a historical anniversary or a current social event. It was similar in May 1983, when Fr. Jerzy in the message of the Holy Mass for the Homeland, he focused on showing the Marian aspect of Polishness, as well as pointing to the Mother of God as the surest intercessor for the oppressed nation. This theme was contained in a broader Marian dimension manifested in the life and activity of the martyr of communism. The main idea of the Mass for the Homeland of May 29, 1983, was expressed primarily in the preaching of the blessed, sung songs, prayers of the faithful, artistic decorations decorating the chancel of the Żoliborz temple, as well as in the poetry recited at the end of the liturgy. Fr. Popiełuszko, referring to specific events in the past of Poland and to the suffering of his countrymen at that time, pointed to the accompaniment of Mary to the Nation, which, despite situations and adversities, always resorted to her, recognizing her as King. Fr. Jerzy portrayed the Blessed Mother as the surest confidant of hardships and suffering experienced by her countrymen during martial law. Thus, the blessed maintained hope and faith in Poles, and formed the religious and patriotic attitudes of his countrymen who at Mass. for their homeland they treated as an exceptional “island of freedom”
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The article’s subject examines the youth period and the process of Stefan Wyszyński’s seminary formation. The above paper’s primary research goal is to display Wyszyński’s early life in the context of Poland’s socio-political status quo at that time. Therefore, the source materials’ interpretation focuses on exposing the role and significance of this time for the entire future ministry of Fr. Stefan Wyszyński, so important both for the Church and the Polish nation. The exploration of the above research is based on the analysis of source texts using the historical method in order to reconstruct historical facts and their reinterpretation by the inductive-deductive method. According to the author of this study, the upbringing in the family home, the period of youth, as well as the seminary formation were a kind of testing ground, where Stefan Wyszyński could gain the pastoral experience necessary for his future activity as a priest, ordinary of the Lublin diocese, and, later, the Archdiocese of Gniezno and Warszawa and the Primate of Poland.
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The ongoing worship of Our Lady of Beautiful Love is strongly related to its places and the images of Mother Mary, The article describes the history and the cult of the Virgin Mary that directly relates to the devotion of Our Lady of Beautiful Love. It refers to the titles and the images that might be found in various catherdals, churches and chapels. The places of worship of Our Lady of Beautiful Love in Poland are: Bydgoszcz, Lomza, Polanczyk, Sadowie, Warsaw-Tarchomin, Skarzysko, Domaniewice, Proszowki and many more.
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The teachings of John Paul II are present in many mass media which refer to the content signed by him. His person, treated by many Christians as an authority, appeared in the discourse of Internet media such as, for example, Catholic forums. One of them is Polish Forum Cross – Tradition. Liturgy. Culture. This article presents the results of selected content relating to euthanasia, abortion and social relations. The aforementioned study was performed by means of a qualitative analysis of the content directly related to that undertaken by the participants of the mentioned forum.
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The author asks whether, in today’s scientific culture which favors naturalist philosophy, one can rationally accept the Christian faith, as it is expressed in the Nicene Creed. Throughout the paper, three kinds of problems faced by Christian believers and inquirers are addressed, for instance (1) the development of the Christian doctrine in time, (2) the problems resulting from the ongoing progress of natural sciences and of biblical studies, and (3) the plausibility of certain historical claims made by Christianity. The author concludes that although what the Apostles taught seems incredible from the contemporary naturalist point of view, there are no sufficient grounds on which to deny the rationality of Christian faith. Since science cannot reasonably explain many beliefs concerning human beings or provide remedy for the misery of the human condition, decisions regarding issues such as whether to persist in faith or whether to embrace faith are by no means impossible or irrational. Yet, the author indicates, faith is ultimately a matter of grace.
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The article describes the life of rev. Tadeusz Szetela (1925-2008) priest of Przemyśl and Rzeszów dioceses. His older brothers, Jan Bolesław and Stanisław Kazimierz who devoted themselves to God had an unquestionable impact on life path choice by young Tadeusz. Te author presents also difcult reality during T. Szetela’s seminary years, as well as work as a priest and catechist when he had to deal with laicization and antichurch tendencies among Polish society. Moreover, Tadeusz Szetela during his life participated in many national and patriotic events, as well as ministry activities (e.g. he worked as a prison pastor). Humble and priesthood devoted, rev. Tadeusz Szetela was awarded by Church authorities, e.g. he was promoted to a Chaplain of His Holiness rank in 1998.
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The article addresses the problem of how to develop the doctrinal language of the Catholic Church, while remaining faithful to the Divine Revelation. In her doctrine, the Church uses her own, specific language which is elaborated in time. Nowadays, the need for a renewal of the doctrinal language is frequently expressed. While such appeals might seem justified, the renewal in question calls for attention and responsibility. It is necessary to preserve an awareness of how the doctrinal language was shaped and what underpinning theological and hermeneutic principles were included in it to warrant, on the one hand, its authenticity and faithfulness to the mystery of God the Savior and, on the other hand, its intelligibility and the greatest possible accessibility to the community of the Church. Theology has reached numerous valid conclusions indispensable for reshaping the doctrinal and theological language. Above all, the need has been stressed to preserve the connection between the doctrinal language and everyday language, while taking consideration to enhance the uniqueness of the former. The peculiarity of the doctrinal language of the Church is rooted in the mystery of God, which it strives to express. The concern for the language presupposes also a deep awareness of the contemporary challenges, such as pluralism and new outlooks.
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The article addresses the problem of theological hermeneutics, as seen by Georgiy Florovsky, and discusses, from that perspective, his appeal for the return to the teachings of the Church Fathers. Florovsky does not call for repeating or imitating the past, but for developing Christian thought in a creative way and engaging in a creative dialogue with the spirit of the times. The early 20th century revival of scholasticism was of similar nature: while being an expression of the wish to revert to the golden age of scholasticism, the movement in question also referred to St. Thomas Aquinas’s ability to draw on achievements of the humanities. The central idea of Florovsky’s theology is his interpretation of the Revelation as an event, i.e., as establishing a relationship between two subjects. In his view, faith is based on the primary experience of reality and, at the same time, on the personal encounter with God through his words and acts. The philosophical grounding for Florovsky’s theological thought is the metaphysics of history which involves such fundamental categories as event, person, dialogue, encounter, and communication.
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The article discusses the signifi cance of Cyprian Norwid’s Christian literary output for the identity of the Poles living in ‘a secular age.’ The author proposes to see Norwid as a humanist patron of the Polish culture in modern Europe.
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Review of: Krzysztof Siwek, „Powstał prorok jak ogień” (syr 48,1). Droga eliasza (biblijni bohaterowie wiary 1), Wydawnictwo naukowe collegium bobolanum, Warszawa 2020, ss. 384, ISBN 978-83-952410-8-6
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