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ІНФОРМАЦІЯ ЯК ЗАСІБ ВЕДЕННЯ СУЧАСНИХ ГІБРИДНИХ ВОЄН

ІНФОРМАЦІЯ ЯК ЗАСІБ ВЕДЕННЯ СУЧАСНИХ ГІБРИДНИХ ВОЄН

Author(s): Olha Balynska,Roman Blahuta,Zinaida Zhyvko / Language(s): English,Ukrainian / Issue: 2/2019

Information is an effective means of warfare. In the context of hybridization of military strategies, it must be recognized as one of the most powerful, and perhaps even the only profitable, means (there is no need to spend money to buy equipment and keep the military). A negative information impact, aimed at undermining the morale of the army and the patriotic sentiment of the population, can do much more damage to the state than a numerically and technically stronger enemy army. The main illustrative material in the article is the hybrid war between Russia and Ukraine. The events of the Euromaidan, the Revolution of Dignity, the annexation of Crimea and the escalation of violence in the Donbas, which grew into a full-scale armed conflict, demonstrate that this hybrid war is not so much about the occupation of Ukrainian territories as the desire to undermine the governance structure in the state from within, to suppress the will of the Ukrainians to resist.

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Совјетска улога у школовању и припреми југословенског партизанског кадра до почетка Другог светског рата

Совјетска улога у школовању и припреми југословенског партизанског кадра до почетка Другог светског рата

Author(s): Aleksej J. Timofejev / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2009

Yugoslav students were trained at the „communist military schools” in the USSR till the last school year of “Partisan Academy in the Soviet Union” in 1936/1937. The Yugoslav communist manual for subversive activities captured by the Yugoslav General Staff in 1937 had been written according to the soviet manuals. There are several memoirs on training at the “communist military schools” in the USSR left by Yugoslavs (M. Golubich, V. Begovich, J. Kopinich, R. Cholakovich, B. Maslarich, P. Kostich, etc).. Even Josip Broz Tito had been trained and later participated as a postgraduate assistance lecturer in the work of a “communist military school” in the USSR The Civil war in Spain had a great significance in the reinforcement of the Comintern partisan and revolutionary staff. K. Mrazovich, I. Goshnyak, B. Maslarich and several other Yugoslav communist leaders left their memories about the redeployment to Spain of Yugoslav partisan experts prepared in the USSR. Development of partisan and sabotage operations in Spain, directed by Soviet instructors, was described by the vast number of Yugoslav participants of the events. A large number of Soviet military-technical instructors (H.-U. Mamsurov, N. Patrahalcev, A. K. Sprogis, I. G. Starinov, S. A. Vaupshasov, N. I. Schelokov, G. Sirojezhkin, L. P. Vasiljevski, A. F. Zvjagin, A. M. Rabcevich, N. G. Kovalenko, V. Z. Korzh, N. A. Prokopec) trained the selected members of the International brigades in partisan tactics and sabotage. Jan Berzin, the chief of Soviet military intelligence from 1924 to 1935, was the supervisor. Among those students there was a relatively significant number of Yugoslavs. After the Civil War in Spain, most of the Yugoslav “Spaniards” was hold in a special camp in France. There are some indirect evidences that the return to Yugoslavia of those men trained for guerrilla operations was carried out with the help of Soviet special services. Two hundred and fifty Yugoslav “Spaniards” participated in the partisan war on the Western Balkan since 1941 to 1945. They became one of the most important pillars in organization of the partisan movement in Yugoslavia.

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Соціальні конфлікти в сучасному суспільстві та шляхи їх вирішення

Author(s): Antonina Filina / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 28/2012

The article deals with a complex multidimensional phenomenon-conflicts, various types which, interacting, complement each other, gaining new features.

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Специфични случајеви утврђивања избегличког статуса

Специфични случајеви утврђивања избегличког статуса

Author(s): Nebojša Raičević / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees sets out in Art. 1A(2) a refugee definition and it applies to all persons wishing to obtain a refugee status. There are some situations in determining refugee status that are specific to other cases. One such situation is related to refugee sur place. Refugee sur place are persons who voluntarily left their own country, but which, because of some subsequent events, have a well-founded fear that in the case of their return to the homeland, they will be subjected to persecution there. The cause of this fear can be objective changes in the country of origin, such as the coming of the dictatorial regime to the power. Besides, the fear of persecution can also be caused by the actions of the individuals during their stay abroad. A second specific situation regards to persons fleeing from the country of origin due to international or non-international armed conflicts that are being conducted in that country. The Convention on the Status of Refugees does not contain special provisions for persons leaving the country of origin due to armed conflict, which means that they can only obtain refugee status if they prove well-founded fear of persecution for any of the five reasons mentioned in Art. 1A of this Convention. General danger of an armed conflict is not enough to qualify for refugee status because this danger is the same for the entire population in a given area. A person from a war-affected state may obtain refugee status only if the danger to which he or she is exposed is result of one of the grounds referred to in Art. 1A(2) of the Convention (race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion). Finally, it is also specific to determine the refugee status of persons who fled the country of origin due to the evasion of military service. In principle, military service evasion per se is not enough to apply for refugee protection. A person who avoids military service can obtain refugee status only if he proves that he: a) refuse to participate in armed conflict condemned by the international community; b) was subject to discrimination in the performing military service; c) could not realize conscientious objection to military service; оr, d) avoided military service because of violation of fundamental human rights that can be treated as persecution.

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СПЕЦІФИКА СТАНОВЛЕННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ ОСВІТИ: МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЯ АБО РЕФОРМУВАННЯ

СПЕЦІФИКА СТАНОВЛЕННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ ОСВІТИ: МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЯ АБО РЕФОРМУВАННЯ

Author(s): Georgy Ivanovich Finin / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 1/2020

Problem setting. Significant changes in various spheres of life and development of our country influence the updating, reforming and modernization of the national higher education system, which aims at improving the quality of the provision of educational services. In turn, the existing system of military education in Ukraine is integrated with the general state system of education and operates on the basis of the current legislative and regulatory framework. etc.Recent research and publications analysis. Conceptual principles of formation of the national education system in the context of European integration of Ukraine are represented by the works of A. Boyko, M. Kultayeva, M. Trinyak, V. Shinkaruk and others. Scientists insist that there should be a single mechanism for the modern modernization of the national higher education system and military education in particular. Theoretical and methodological aspects of the formation of national military education, the problems of its modernization and reformation, the quality of training of military specialists, the introduction into the educational process of innovative technologies and modern teaching and training practices are considered in the studies of such scholars as Kvitkin P, V. Osodlo, V. Telelim, and others.Paper objective. The purpose of the article is to philosophically analyze and highlight the main aspects of modernizing and reforming the national military education system. Paper main body. First of all, reforming is bringing the political, financial, economic and public institutions of the state into conformity with some "generally recognized norms", such as those of the European Union, for example. At the same time, modernization is the bringing of various spheres of life, and in particular the education of the country into a competitive state in accordance with the requirements of the present. Reformation can be considered a necessary prerequisite for modernization. And modernization, therefore, is a natural consequence of reform.Under the circumstances of the current challenges that present-day Ukraine faces and the armed conflict in the East, the issues of reforming and modernizing the content of the national higher education system become especially urgent. This is a complex, important task. It includes various aspects: modernization of the educational management system, the combination of education and science, etc. The main components of the military education system are: education management bodies; a network of military education institutions (universities, academies, military institutes, including civilian universities, etc.). We suppose that the urgent need for modernization shifts in military education institutions is the conceptual change in all activities. Conclusions of the research. At the present stage of development of power and special structures of the state there is a significant change in the requirements of society for the competencies that a military specialist should possess, and thus the requirements for filling the content of the national education system and the military education system in particular are changing. All this leads to the updating and the process of reforming and modernizing the national education and military education system as interconnected phenomena. All the above mentioned is due to the needs of practice, the complication of our country's military-political situation, the Euro-Atlantic vector of our country's integration, and other challenges of today.

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Співвідношення понять «військовий злочин» та «Склад військового злочину»

Співвідношення понять «військовий злочин» та «Склад військового злочину»

Author(s): Sergey O. Kharytonov / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 142/2018

The article contains a complex analysis of the correlation between the notions of «military crime» and «the composition of a military offense». The author supports the position that the notion of «military crime» is specific to the generic concept of «crime», enshrined in art. 11 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. In order to consider the notion of «war crime» it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the composition of the military crime, the signs and elements of which have their imprint in the notion of «military crime». These legal categories are in close interconnection, complementing one another. The signs that are inherent in the composition of any military offense are equally in the concept of a «military crime», but if the elements of the crime are clearly grouped within the relevant element, then it is uncharacteristic for the notion of «military crime». The presence of a legislative definition of the concept of «military crime» and the scientific concept of «composition of military offense» makes it possible to correctly solve a number of practical issues of qualification of crimes, such as: demarcation, competition, aggregate, complicity and others. Undoubtedly, as the notion of a lower level, the notion of «military crime» is based on the general concept of «crime», is derived from it, therefore, having common signs of a crime, military crimes have their own specific features that distinguish them from other «non-military» crimes. The public danger of war crimes is characterized by high-ranking categories – military security of the state: a) the state of combat capability of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations; b) the ability to perform the task posed by the state; c) the protection of the country from possible military aggression. Any war crime undermines the combat capability of military units, which, in consequence, causes significant damage to it and, eventually, military security of the state.

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Споделянето на информация в контекста на ответните действия за борба с тероризма

Споделянето на информация в контекста на ответните действия за борба с тероризма

Author(s): Irina Mindova-Docheva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

The report discusses issues concerning the development of a common European approach to the collection and processing of PNR data at external EU flights for law enforcement purposes in serious crimes, terrorist crimes in the context of countering foreign terrorist fighters. The process of elaboration and the nature of the unified European legal framework as well as bilateral agreements with the US, Australia and Canada in the field are analyzed. This paper examines the correlation between the provision of reservation data to the founding principles of necessity and proportionality.

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Спољни неоружани облици угрожавања безбедносног капацитета државе

Спољни неоружани облици угрожавања безбедносног капацитета државе

Author(s): Radoslav Gaćinović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2013

This paper is an attempt of author of the paper primarily to classify and then to define non-armed external forms of imperilment of the state security capacity and also to underline imperilment for integral security of the state that is coming from a seemingly innocent activity of certain external groups and organizations. The author of the paper argues that non- armed forms of imperilment of the state security capacity are primarily military pressure, threat, offensive propaganda activities and aggressive performance of foreign intelligence services. It is very important to underline also that the external non- armed forms of imperilment are always or almost always a prelude to emergence of armed forms of imperilment of security. Objective – task of the non- armed external forms of imperilment of security is preparation of „the field” for, for example, a military intervention or aggression on some state which is target of the violence. This paper is also a warning to the states as well as to the United Nations that the external non- armed forms of imperilment of security must be treated in accord with the imperilment coming from them. The systems of security of states must build up instruments for early recognition of aggressiveness and covert violence in activity of various external services and organizations. Such external activity must be incriminated by both the State legislation and legal documents of the United Nations.

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Србија под Немачком окупацијом у Другом светском рату
5.00 €

Србија под Немачком окупацијом у Другом светском рату

Author(s): Dragan Aleksić / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

One of the main features of the German administration in Serbia in WWII was the fact that the occupation policy wasn’t directed from one center. Since the agencies of the military administration were not under unitary command in Serbia, nor did they have clearly delimitated spheres of action, their influence on occupation policy depended on the authority of their positions, i.e. on the place of the superimposed agencies in the complex pecking order of power in the Third Reich. Internal relations between individual occupation factors and the power of their influence were of importance for concrete implementation of the occupation policy and its consequences for the population. The spheres of activity of the occupation administration were divided among four agencies which fulfilled occupation tasks parallely without mutual coordination and often with conflicting interests. Each agency had its main office in Berlin and each had to fulfill its tasks directly, sidestepping the military administration in Serbia. Since security of the troops was endangered by a strong resistance movement and since due to the long protracted war the needs of German war economy steadily increased, the police and economic administration played the leading role in the hierarchy of German occupation agencies.

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СРПСКА ВОЈСКА 1914–1918  (бројно стање, организација, формација и опремљеност)

СРПСКА ВОЈСКА 1914–1918 (бројно стање, организација, формација и опремљеност)

Author(s): Dalibor Denda / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: sp. ed/2019

In this paper the author deals with the changes in organization, formation and numerical strength of the Serbian army during the World war one. The acquirement of armament and military equipment were considered too. The data on casualties and the numbers of Serbian POW's in Austria‐Hungary, Bulgaria and Germany are systematized too. The work is based on unpublished documents from Serbian Military Archive and Archive of Serbia, published sources and literature. During the Great War Serbia mobilized some 3.712 active officers and 6.725 those from the reserve. During the first period of war (1914 / 1915) Serbian army formation rose to 13 Infantry and one Cavalry divisions. In this period was mobilized up to 500.000 men. In November 1915 some 207.000 more were called up, but real figures of mobilized are still unknown. Regarding the armament and equipment, from the beginning of war Serbian Army acquired some 144.000 Mosin Nagant M91 Infantry rifles from Russia and some 250 military trucks. Before the Central powers offensive, Army had on disposal 404.020 men organized in 288 ½ infantry battalions, 40 cavalry squadrons. Artillery units comprised 678 guns, of which 389 were modern ones. During the first period of war Serbian losses were 45.861 killed in action and 68.458 deaths from wounds and diseases. During the WWI, 222.357. Serbian army members were POW's, of whose some 60.000 died in captivity. After evacuation and reorganization at Corfu Island, Serbian army had numerical strength of 140.055 men organized in 6 Infantry and one Cavalry division comprised of 77 infantry battalions and 6 cavalry squadrons and equipped with 245 artillery guns and 364 mashinguns. It was equipped with French armament and supported by 5 air squadrons. On the Macedonian front Serbian Army suffered 42.735 casulties and during the Great war 369.620 men, including those wounded.

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СССР-КУБА: СТРАННЫЕ ИГРЫ ОБМЕНА

СССР-КУБА: СТРАННЫЕ ИГРЫ ОБМЕНА

Author(s): Aleksandr Evgenievich Levintov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 6/2014

Перед немногочисленной «партией» (кли- кой, бандой, шайкой, бандформированием), за- хватившей власть на Кубе, возник выбор: искать примирения с Америкой, пойти по пути безрод- ного и космополитического троцкизма, выбрать маоистский путь, пойти навстречу кремлевским эмиссарам. Выбрано было последнее — уж очень заман- чивыми были посулы, которые, кстати, безуко- ризненно выполнялись впоследствии. И Фидель [Кастро] во всеуслышание заявил о выборе совет- ского социалистического направления. Его ничуть не смущало, что из 10 миллионов кубинцев один миллион — миллионеры, один миллион — такси- сты и один миллион — проститутки.

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Став Француске према испоруци оружја Србији 1862. године

Став Француске према испоруци оружја Србији 1862. године

Author(s): Uroš Tatić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2012

In the events related to the supply of weapon in 1862 France favoured Serbia and Romania. This approach was determined by its policy regarding the Eastern Question, which was still favoured by Emperor Napoleon III. However, the new minister of foreign affairs Drouyn de Lhuys belonged to the faction that was giving priority to other foreign policy issues. The French minister and his government did not want to detach themselves from England and Austria and side only with Russia. This made them willing to made concessions in the negotiations with the representatives of those big powers. The French government wanted Turkey, Austria and England to take a more moderate course, which would allow for an outcome of the dispute that would be favourable to both Principalities.

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Становление и развитие авиационной промышленности в Украине накануне и в годы Первой мировой войны (на примере фирмы «Анатра»)

Становление и развитие авиационной промышленности в Украине накануне и в годы Первой мировой войны (на примере фирмы «Анатра»)

Author(s): Andrij Kharuk / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2013

The Article describes the history of the Aviation Plant “Anatra” in Odessa, one of the largest companies in this sector in the Russian Empire. The evolution of the company from the workshop, which operated under the Odessa flying club, to a large group, combining several plants is studies. Analysed the production program of “Anatra”. Noted that, in its early years the basis of the production program were French aircraft designs. Since mid-1916 aircraft production began building aircraft of its own design - “Anade” and “Anasal”.Intensive development of the company due to several factors: the owner of the company had sufficient capital, he was interested in the development of Anatra aircraft production, and above all – a sharp increase in orders from the War Department, caused by the First World War.

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СТАТУС КОПНЕНИХ МИНА У МЕЂУНАРОДНОМ ХУМАНИТАРНОМ ПРАВУ

Author(s): Nebojša Raičević / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 63/2012

Due to serious humanitarian problems caused by landmines, the international community has adopted three international treaties containing a number of prohibitions and restrictions on this kind of conventional weapons. The use of landmines was first restricted by Protocol II on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines,Booby-Traps and Other Devices (1980), which was subsequently amended in 1996. The1980 Protocol adopted the same restrictions for anti-personnel and anti-tank mines but, in practice, these restrictions proved to be inadequate for eliminating harmful humanitarian effects. The 1996 Amended Protocol brought some improvements in comparison to the initial version of this treaty. This Protocol contains special more stringent provisions on the use of anti-personnel mines, and brings additional restrictions on the use of remotely delivered mines. It has also significantly improved the rules on recording minefields for a later removal of landmines. The largest step forward was made by the adoption of the Ottawa Convention on the anti-personnel mines which explicitly prohibits the use of these mines, their stockpiling, production and transfer, and imposes the obligation to destroy the existent stocks.

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Страни утицаји на развој југословенске војне доктрине о оклопним јединицама (1918–1941)

Страни утицаји на развој југословенске војне доктрине о оклопним јединицама (1918–1941)

Author(s): Dalibor Denda / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2010

Yugoslav military doctrine on the use of armored units and defense against them was based on French postulates at the beginning. Then it significantly changed and started to adapt to the actual situation in mid-1940. Unfortunately, this adaptation came too late to influence the thinking of most Yugoslav officers and only under the influence of combat in which German armored and motorized units had the main role and gave the war great maneuverability. The Yugoslav military press and officers were very well informed about all contemporary doctrines and discussions regarding the development of tactics of armored units in the period between the two wars. The General Staff Headquarters stopped the development of Yugoslav doctrine when Army General Dušan T. Simović served as chief. In the period when the doctrine and armament plans were created, Simović held the opinion that the role of armored units in the war to come was overrated. His thinking postponed the purchase of a large number of tanks for the year 1941/1942. Therefore Yugoslav troops entered the war with insufficient training and equipped only with weak tank units and counter-armor cannons of small caliber.

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СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКИ ДЕЙНОСТИ НА ДЪРЖАВНАТА ВЛАСТ ПРИ ЗАЩИТА СИГУРНОСТТА НА ГРАНИЦИТЕ И УПРАВЛЕНИЕТО НА МИГРАЦИОННИТЕ ПРОЦЕСИ

СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКИ ДЕЙНОСТИ НА ДЪРЖАВНАТА ВЛАСТ ПРИ ЗАЩИТА СИГУРНОСТТА НА ГРАНИЦИТЕ И УПРАВЛЕНИЕТО НА МИГРАЦИОННИТЕ ПРОЦЕСИ

Author(s): Boryana Hinova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2019

The report raised questions about the mechanisms of state authority in protecting the border security of the country. The author does not restrict only in presenting the essence of protection of strategic sites as an element of national security, but considers the basic concepts and characteristics of the protection of the state border. The report also focuses on methods and means of impacting and managing migration processes.

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Субъективный опыт психических состояний в условиях семейной депривации

Субъективный опыт психических состояний в условиях семейной депривации

Author(s): L.V. Artishcheva,A. I. Ahmetzyanova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2018

The development of mental states of orphaned children brought up in institutionalized institutions has been discussed. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the specifics of the course of mental states in adolescents living in family deprivation conditions. This problem is relevant, because the experience of mental states plays an important role in the process of adaptation and socialization of children, in the development of communication and interaction skills, in personal development, and in emotional volitional sphere formation. The content of subjective experience of such mental states as joy and sadness has been defined. The main method in the study of this problem is the method of content analysis of subjects’ self-reports. The subjects of the study are adolescents raised in orphanages. The study has been carried out in two stages: description of mental states in the past future. We have identified the content of experience of mental states of joy and sadness, which includes the manifestations of the mental (expression, emotional processes, behavioral manifestations, value-semantic sphere), as well as external factors (events, situations, actions of significant adults). It has been shown that the experience is characterized by poverty and a small coverage of used mental states characteristics and by the stinginess of the content.

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СУПРОТНА ТЕОРИЈСКА ТУМАЧЕЊА НАТО БОМБАРДОВАЊА ЈУГОСЛАВИЈЕ У СВЕТЛУ КРИТИКЕ ИДЕОЛОГИЈЕ

СУПРОТНА ТЕОРИЈСКА ТУМАЧЕЊА НАТО БОМБАРДОВАЊА ЈУГОСЛАВИЈЕ У СВЕТЛУ КРИТИКЕ ИДЕОЛОГИЈЕ

Author(s): Vera A. Vratuša-Žunjić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1-2/1999

Through the application of the method of the critique of ideology to the analysis of the opposite theoretical interpretations of NATO bombardment of Yugoslavia, in the paper is corroborated decisive influence of the interested practico-political standpoint of the theoretician on all phases of his or hers theoretical explanation of the examined social phenomenon. Socially structured sources of opposite theoretical explanations of apologists of bombardment as “humanitarian intervention” and critics of bombardment as “imperialist aggression” are focused.

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ТHE UNITED NATIONS AND STATE RESPONSIBILITIES IN MAINTAINING PEACE

Author(s): Bekim Nuhija / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

To undertake military intervention or not, is a question that affects all countries in the world in situations of mass violations of human rights and the rules of international humanitarian law, especially the states that have resources and means for direct engagement in the resolution of such situations. For many countries, the answer is simply negative. Their justification is that these crimes do not occur on their territory and it is not worthy that their soldiers die trying to restore peace and security in other countries. The most powerful countries should actively be involved in the prevention and ending of situations of gross human rights violations, which at the same time represent a shame for the whole civilized world. The most powerful countries should intervene because they have the necessary capacity to maintain the peace and security in the world.

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Тајни рапорт пуковника Дамјана Влајића из 1907. године о наоружању и опреми српске војске

Тајни рапорт пуковника Дамјана Влајића из 1907. године о наоружању и опреми српске војске

Author(s): Dalibor Denda / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2008

Питање модернизације српске војске крајем ХIХ и почетком ХХ века заокупљало је пажњу многих посленика историјске науке. Решавање овог питање било је полазна основа за очување националне безбедности и испуњење мисије народног ослобођења. Велике реформе у организацији и модернизацији војске и њеној припреми за изнете задатке започео је још краљ Милан Обреновић, нарочито од момента када се 1897. године нашао на челу Kоманде Активне војске. Период Милановог командовања Активном војском, који је трајао до 1900. године, значио је и њену убрзану и до тада незапамћену модернизацију. [...]

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