ЭКЗОГЕННЫЕ И ЭНДОГЕННЫЕ ФАКТОРЫ РЕГЕНЕРАЦИИ ИНДУСТРИАЛЬНЫХ МОНОГОРОДОВ

Author(s): Aleksandr Evgenievich Levintov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

The article analyses the peculiarities of the city space formation in Russia. The problems of monoprofile towns creation in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union are stressed. The author offers the typology of Russian cities. The article also outlines certain aspects of economic and socio-demographic problems arisen as a result of the authorities’ hasty policy. Besides the negative facts statement the author offers the possible ways of the issues tackling.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ ТРУДЯЩИХСЯ МУРМАНА В ГОДЫ ГРАЖДАНСКОЙ ВОЙНЫ НА ПРИМЕРЕ СТАНЦИИ ИМАНДРА

Author(s): Eugene O. Sushko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2022

The article investigates the financial situation of the workers and employees of the Imandra railway station during the Russian Civil War and the intervention on Murman. The key research questions are: what legal acts established the workers’ wages, and how these wages correlated with the general socio-economic situation of the inhabitants of the Northern Oblast. The main sources of research are archival materials containing information on the salaries of employees who held various positions, reports on the average wages of women and men, and the minutes of meetings of officials discussing the economic problems on the Murman. Archival data on the life of workers at the Imandra depot are used for the first time. It is concluded that at the Imandra station there was a significant gender inequality in terms of wages, with the average wage of men being almost twice the average wage of women. Nevertheless, despite all the difficulties, the station workers had access to the free purchase of consumer goods, although the prices for these goods were relatively high. It is concluded that one of the main problems of the Northern Oblast population was the rapid inflation of the ruble that resulted in higher prices, while wages could not match them.

Элементы культового комплекса домашнего очага в погребальной практике населения Предкавказья в скифский и сарматский периоды

Author(s): Yuriy A. Prokopenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2022

The article discusses the cult objects found in the burials of the Scythian and Sarmatian times of the Central Ciscaucasia: metal chains, vessels with pebbles and chains, bronze cauldrons, cauldron-shaped pendants, etc. Using the legends of the Nart sagas about Batraz, the God of Thunderstorms and the Lightning, and ethnographic data on the above cult objects, the author reconstructs elements of a complex cult of hearth. Two different variants for cauldron-shaped pendants and chains finds both on the sites of steppe cultures of Scythians and Sarmatians and in the autochthonous burials of Koban culture in the territory of the Central Ciscaucasia indicate the coexistence in the region of two substantially similar hearth cults: steppe (Indo-European) origin, first brought by the Scythians, later by the Sarmatians, and autochthonous (Indo-European) origin, known from the Middle Bronze Age (finds of bronze pot-shaped pendants), cultivated by the population of Koban culture. Finds of vessels with pebbles and chains, cauldron-shaped pendants and other objects associated with the hearth cult in the burials of the last centuries BC in the foothill areas of the Central Ciscaucasia — the area with the mixed population, suggest a symbiosis of the two cults, similar by type, but different by their origin.

Элементы материальной культуры через призму гагаузского песенного фольклора. Фольклор как историко- этнографический источник

Author(s): Elizaveta Kvilinkova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2012

The article presents the results from a detailed study of Gagauzian folklore. The author reads songs as a source of information about the everyday life, occupation, traditional peasant dresses and rituals practiced in pre-soviet times.

Элита vs национализм: театр и его режиссер (Хорватия)

Author(s): Victor Kosik / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2017

The article has the aim to introduce the current artistic portrait of the Balkan theatrical elite after the Balkan ethnic wars. The main focus is on the Croatian director Oliver Frljić, but also on the theatrical life of Serbia, mostly on Biljana Srbljanovic. The article analyzes the theatrical critic - the Serbian as well the Croatian - the government's position and the national relationships in the culture filed, looks for an answer of the question if the war's lessons have been learned.

Эмоции на поверхности: Рибейра-ди-Пишкуш и роль эмоциональности в его утверждении в качестве главного мадленского комплекса наскального искусства под открытым небом региона Коа (Португалия)

Author(s): Mário Reis / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2021

After its dramatic appearance in 1995, with the threat of destruction by a huge dam counteracted by the successful worldwide preservation campaign, the open-air rock art in the Côa Valley region fully confirmed the high scientific expectations it raised, now established as a major complex, with a 30 000 yearlong continuous rock art sequence, starting in the Upper Palaeolithic and up to the Modern Age, passing through Late Prehistory and the Iron Age. It is the world’s largest concentration of Upper Palaeolithic open-air rock-art, definitely updating the previously established cave art paradigm within European Palaeolithic art. With 20 000 years of continuous Palaeolithic diachrony, from the Gravettian to the Late Glacial, and including the Solutrean and Magdalenian periods, the site of Ribeira de Piscos is among the most important, mainly in the Magdalenian period, where it is the largest, in dimension and number of figures. This text aims to examine some particular figures in this site that specifically display explicit and varied emotional aspects. Besides the scarcity of this trait in Palaeolithic art, it can also be argued that these figures played an important role in the establishment and evolution of this site during the Magdalenian, and that this emotional aspect may have been symbolically essential in the definition of the site and its prevalence in the region.

Энколпион с композицией «Распятие. Пророк Илия» из Довмонтова города Пскова

Author(s): Zoja V. Prusakova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2014

The article is a publication of an enkolpion which was found by V. D. Beletski during the excavation of Dovmont's City in Pskov in 1966. The cross is kept at the Department of Russian culture in the State Hermitage. The cross was found in a child’s grave from the burial ground found on the territory of Dovmont's City. The grave was situated near temples no. 2 and 3 which were built in the second half of the 14th century. In the researcher’s opinion, the burial ground functioned from the end of the 14th century till the middle of the 16th century. Most burials there might have been caused by an epidemic or a pestilence in 1465—1466. On the obverse of the enkolpion, there are relief images of the crucifixion in the centre and paired images of saints on medallions. On the reverse side, there are paired images of saints on medallions and of Prophet Eliya in the centre (9.5 × 6.8 × 1.0 cm). This type of enkolpion is widely represented on the monuments which date back to the 15th century and the first half of the 16th century. However, the specimen from Pskov is one of the best due to its clear images and legible signs. It makes possible to identify saints’ images on the medallions and specify their iconographic features. The examined cross can be dated by the end of the 14th century the earliest (the supposed time of the burial ground formation) or rather within the 15th and the beginning of the 16th centuries (by analogy).

ЭНТАМАЛАГІЧНЫ КОД ТРАДЫЦЫЙНАЙ ДУХОУНАЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ БЕЛАРУСАУ: КАМАР

Author(s): Ina Szwed / Language(s): Belarussian Issue: 11/2019

The research is devoted to ethno-semiotic characteristic of an image of a mosquito as a factor of entomological code of the traditional spiritual culture of Belarusian people. It has been shown that in the system of entomological imagery a mosquito is a male erotic symbol, and it correlates with concepts of small, weak, blood, victim, fertility, heat, hedonism, demon. The mosquito correlates with mythological elements: zoological (bird, snake, horse, etc.), dendrological (oak, walnut), demonological (devil), anthropological (saint, nun, tsar, soldier) and other conceptual codes.

Эпистолярия как литературные беседы: Письма Г. В. Адамовича А. В. Бахраху

Author(s): Olga R. Demidova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 8/2021

Отложившийся в собрании Александра Бахраха корпус писем Георгия Адамовича составляет часть его обширного эпистолярного наследия 1940-х – начала 1970-х гг., тематически во многом перекликаясь с письмами Адамовича к И. А. и В. Н. Буниным, А. С. Гингеру и А. С. Присмановой, . Н. Гиппиу, Г. В. Иванову и И. В. Одоевцевой, С. Ю. Прегель, А. А. Полякову6, Л. Д. Червинской, В. С. Яновскому и др. Переклички относятся прежде всего к сфере профессиональной: многие из адресатов Адамовича принадлежали к миру литературы, поэтому значительная часть писем касается литературных дел каждого из них и общего положения эмигрантской словесности, а равно и бытия писателей в военные и послевоенные годы. Кроме профессиональных интересов, переклички обусловлены тем, что можно было бы назвать перекрестной дискурсивной (авто) цитатностью: поскольку переписывались «все со всеми» и у каждого автора были во многом одни и те же адресаты, в свою очередь, выступавшие авторами встречных писем, единый эмигрантский эпистолярный дискурс складывался из множества «парных», «тройных» и пр. т. п. фрагментов-цепочек, что делало повторы и автоповторы неизбежными.

Эпистолярность «Писем русского путешественника» Н. М. Карамзина

Author(s): Denise Atanaszova-Szokolova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1-4/2000

The aim of the article is to define the genre of Karamzin’s epistle and to point out its characteristics. The Karamzinian “mirror-metaphor” becomes distinct in the epistle. This metaphor depicts the peculiarities of relationship between European and Russian cultures. This is the metaphor of the so-called “empathic understanding” (Bakhtin) and watching yourself through someone else’s eyes. Letters describe the homogeneous European culture through various aspects: duality of space and time (the interrelated chronotopoi of “home” and “way”); the synthesis of public and personal (addressing not only friends, but readers also); the everyday life and the historical aspect; the simultaneity of the constructive elements of written and spoken language. Furthermore, it reflects the combination of the the conversation of the highly educated Russians of the late 18th century and extreme richness of the Russian language. This is a result of an orientation towards the contemporary Western European linguistic situation, which creates a new style of literary writing. Those ideas and tendencies appear for the first time in the epistle. Later it becomes the essence of Karamzin’s art, and influences the future literature and culture.

Эпистолярный роман Ф. М. Достоевского с авантюристкой Марфой Браун

Author(s): Svetlana Olegovna Zakharchenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2020

Seven letters by a certain Marfa Brown written to F. M. Dostoevsky between October 1864 and January 1865 were preserved in the writer’s archive. There are disputes over their relationship among the researchers of Dostoevsky’s creative work and life. The article considers the letters of Marfa Brown and her future spouse, writer and essayist, employee of the Vremya and Epokha journals, retired staff captain Pyotr Nikitich Gorsky to Fedor Mikhailovich, and clarifies the nature of their relationship. The purpose of this article is to systematize the known but disparate information about Marfa Brown (aka Martha Brown, Marfa Petrovna Panina, Elizaveta Andreevna Khlebnikova), identify new materials about her life, define the role that Dostoevsky played in the lives of M. Brown and P. N. Gorsky. The question is raised about a possible reflection of the relationship between M. Brown and P. N. Gorsky in Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment.

Эрик Густав эрстрём в Финляндии и России

Author(s): Gennadiy Mikhaylovich Kovalenko,Andrey Aleksandrovich Kuznetsov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 27/2016

The article is devoted to Eric Gustav Erström’s biography. E.G. Erström was a Swede by nationality and a native of Finland. Erström is the author of the travelogue “For me and my friends.” In this text Erströk’s travel from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod in 1812 is described. Then Erström became the author of textbooks on Russian in Finland. Erström was the pastor of the Lutheran parish in St. Petersburg. The biography of Erström is submitted in the context of political and cultural events of the first third of the 19th century.

Этапы изучения и значение китаба Ивана Луцкевича

Author(s): Galina Miškinienė / Language(s): Russian Issue: -/2015

The interest in I. Lutskevich Kitab has been taken since its discovery in 1915 in Keturiasdesimt Totoriu village. Several articles about this Kitab were published in local and foreign press. Each article that represents the content of the manuscript contains short fragments of transliterated text. The whole text of the manuscript together with facsimile and translations into Lithuanian and Russian were published in 2009 in the book called “Kitab of Ivan Lutskevich — Lithuanian Tatar cultural monument”. The Belarussian inscription in I. Lutskevich Kitab lets assume that this manuscript was created before the end of Tatar language assimilation process. At that moment, there were already such Tatars who were not able to speak their native language, but were fluent in Belarussian. Therefore, the cultural value and significance of the manuscript has increased not only among the specialists, but among those who are simply interested in it as well. In this article, the attention is paid to the stages of the research of the manuscript and its exclusive content that allows us to entitle the manuscript as peculiar The Tatar-Muslim Catechism. Most of the Kitab’s texts are found in another manuscripts as well. Among the most relative manuscripts regarding the content could be mentioned A. Karickis (middle of 19th century) and London’s Kitabs (1831). The analysis of all the published catalogues of manuscripts in Slavic but with Arabic characters brings the possibility to select the ones that contain analogical texts. Comparison and analysis of such texts would be a great material for further textological researches. Among researches that were exploring I. Lutskevich Kitab, Ivan Lutskevich, Jan Stankevic, Anton Antanovic, and Galina Miskiniene have to be mentioned in particular.

Этикет у гагаузов как правила поведения и феномен культуры

Author(s): Elizaveta Kvilinkova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2020

Ethno-etiquette is an important component of the Gagauz socio-normative culture. In this article, it considered as a rule of conduct and a cultural phenomenon. In order to reveal the topic, the author widely used the material included in the Gagauz-Russian-Moldavian dictionary, personal data on site research, as well as information contained in historiography. The material cited in the article made it possible to trace some areas of the life of the Gagauz traditional society. To a large extent, its regulation was carried out through etiquette and public opinion, which controlled issues of compliance with ethical standards and moral values. The analysis of proverbs and sayings in the carried out area of study allowed us to conclude that they perform an important function – they constitute one of the components of the traditional educational systems. It has been shown that the tradition of hospitality is a priority national trait of the Gagauz people. It is concluded that values, ideals, norms, etc., expressed in etiquette and forms of organization of life, as well as in proverbs and sayings, performed the function of regulating public relations. Based on the rules adopted in the ethnic community, the community itself educated its members. In the process of historical development, qualities, significant for the collective and the individual, have become an integral part of the ethno-cultural code and national mentality.

Этническая интерпретация традиций домостроительства Нижнего Побужья позднеархаического времени

Author(s): Sergei L. Solovyov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 19/2011

The paper traces the long discussion on the ethnic belonging of the half-dug dwellings known from numerous late archaic archaeological sites in the Lower Bug region, as well as along the entire Northern Black Sea coast. It is noted that a widespread opinion among researchers is that the ancient building tradition in the cited region was represented by stone dwellings built on ground level, which demonstrate the high level of development of Greek architecture. This is evidenced by the fact that the colonists were familiar with single- and multiple-chamber dwellings, with inner courts, regulated building patterns, as well as the application of different constructions and building techniques. On the other hand, the influence of the local tradition is associated with the presence of dug and half-dug dwellings (dugouts) that are typical of Southeastern Europe, but not also of Mainland and Eastern Greece. Analysing the data from numerous archaeological sites, the author stresses that in the 5th century BC there was combining of elements of the local (barbarian) and of the ancient building traditions for the construction of dugouts that had been used predominantly by barbarians. The possibility is assumed that dugouts were used for a brief period of time by the first Greek settlers as well, but it is very complicated to differentiate their dugouts from those of the indigenous population. In conclusion, the author recalls that the Greek colonists brought the tradition of the stone construction at ground level, with typical volume planning patterns, though it appears that they started adopting elements of the local building tradition that was adapted to the respective climatic condition. That proved to be a long process with several stages, which ended in the 4th century BC with the emergence of buildings characteristic of the Antiquity, but having levels dug into the ground as well.

Этнические компоненты черняховской культуры

Author(s): Boris V. Magomedov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2000

While studying Cherniakhov sites, the author distinguishes three main groups:1) Kosanovo type, which occupies the main part of Cherniakhov area, from the left bank of Dnieper to Transylvania. These sites include many elements of north-western Wielbark culture bearers (Goths) and other German tribes originating from the North Europe and Scandinavia (particularly, Heruls). On the eastern boundaries, the newcomers are in close contacts of various nature with the bearers of proto-Slavic Kiev culture.2) The type Cherepin-Teremtsy in the upper areas of Western Bug, Dniester, and on middle Dniester (Teremtsy is chronologically a relatively later stage). The author is inclined to connect this group with proto-Slavic.3) Black Sea Coast group. An active part in its formation must have been taken by the Scythians of Low Dnieper, Sarmatians and Hellenes, inhabitants of chora of Classical ancient towns on the Black Sea Coast.The author does not consider essential the role of Dacian element in Cherniakhov culture.

ЭТНОГРАФИЯ КАВКАЗА И ЕЕ СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ

Author(s): Alexander Formozov,Sergei Arutiunov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2010

Sergei Arutiunov in Conversation With Alexander Formozov

Этнокультурная ситуация на востоке скифского мира в III в. до н. э.

Author(s): Petr I. Shulga / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

The article briefly analyses the ethno-cultural situation in the east of the Scythian world in the 3rd century BC. The investigation is focused on the Scythian-like cultures of the 6th—3rd centuries BC inhabiting the territories from the Upper Ob region and Kazakhstan to Transbaikal and Manchuria, including the cultures of Northern Xinjiang (China) and Northern China itself that are barely known in Russia. We considered the problem of propriety of dating some relatively late Scythian-like burials of Tuva and Mongolia in the 2nd—1st centuries BC. It is concluded that these burials should be dated by the period no later than the 3rd century BC. Many artifacts described as the “chronological indicators of Xiongnu” cannot be regarded as dating materials because they had been common for eastern historical and cultural community of the territories from Northern China to Transbaikal before the Xiongnu culture existence. Paleoclimatic and archaeological materials and written sources describe the 3rd century BC as a period of crisis of Scythian-like nomadic cultures and a time of flourishing for the cultures that involved in complex economy of forest steppe. The reasons for the decline of nomads cultures differ. In Northern China the decline of nomads and Scythian-like culture was directly related to the expansion of the agricultural kingdoms of China that ended with their consolidation in the year 221 BC and the displacement of nomads to the northern semi-deserts, where in the 2nd century BC the archaeological culture of Xiongnu appeared.

Юбилей е бъдеще. Чл. кор. Елка Бакалова на 70 години

Author(s): Biserka Penkova / Language(s): Issue: 4/2008

Юбилейна кръгла маса „Българският светилник“. 120 години Национална хуманитарна гимназия „Св. св. Кирил и Методий“

Author(s): Kunka Dasheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2000