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Писац овога чланка, Г. Dr. Давид Митрани — Mitrany — пореклом Румун, натурализован je Енглез, који заузима одлично место у савременој енглеској публицистици. Њему je Карнеђијева Фондација за Интернацијонални Мир поверила уређивање „Привредне и социјалне историје Светскога Рата“ за Балкан и Средњу Европу. Недавно je изишла прва свеска румунске серије овог великог дела, из његова пера, о којој доносимо — мало даље — приказ Г. Драг. Јовановића. Г. Митрани je био љубезан да за „Нову Европу“ напише овај чланак, који садржи извод из његове књиге и уопште из његових студија о аграрној реформи и пољопривредним проблемима.
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The purpose of this research is to try to identify development potential for Polish voivodship capital cities in the area of the housing market, with particular consideration of the number of apartments/flats delivered. The Shift Share Analysis (SSA) method has been used to identify development potential of the analyzed cities. The space-time analysis of flats delivered has been carried out in three market aspects regarding flats planned for sale or rent, flats built individually, and other flats (including: condominiums, council flats, company flats and social housing).
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Mehrere Anwärter scharren in den Startlöchern, um sich im Augenblick von Gustav Husaks Abgang die beste Ausgangsposition für die Führung der KPTsch zu sichern.
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In den letzten Jahren hat es in der ungarischen Parteiführung einige Revirements und Personalrochaden gegeben. Wie alles im ungarischen politischen Herrschaftssystem, geschah dies leise und unauffällig. Fast so unspektakulär, daß es wieder einmal beinahe unterging: nach wie vor hält man Ungarn für einen der stabilen Pole des Ostblocks. Im Frühling 1985 geschah aber sehr viel im ungarischen innenpolitischen Leben. So viel Dichte der Ereignisse ist man in diesem trägen politischen System nicht gewohnt. Der Parteikongreß im März war neben den Parlamentswahlen im Mai das bedeutendste Ereignis des politischen Kalenders. Zweifellos wurden hier von der Führungsgarnitur die Weichen für die Zukunft — sprich: die Nach-Kadar-Ära - gestellt.
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Der überzeugte Rude-Pravo-Leser, der täglich die Seiten des Organs der KPC auf der Suche nach irgendwas mit Neuigkeitswert oder einer seltenen Probe journalistischen Talents durchblättert, ist ein Märtyrer seiner/ihrer Aufgabe. Das abgehärtete Forschungsteam von Radio Free Europę kann sogar aus unscheinbaren Zeilen im Sportteil minimale Politikänderungen oder Zeichen der Uneinigkeit herauslesen. Aber für die meisten hingebungsvollen Bewunderer der Rude Právo hat sie dieselbe Funktion wie sonst der Vitamingehalt eines Müslis. Aber ab und zu wird der Rude-Pravo-Leser mit einer Überraschung belohnt, die von keinem Wekkamin erreicht wird.
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Review of: Jörg K. Hoensch: Geschichte Ungarns 1867-1983. Verlag W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1984, 287 Seiten, öS 500.-/DM 64.- David Marples - Danylo Shumuk: Life Sentence. Memoirs of a Ukrainian Political Prisoner. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, 352 Athabasca Hall, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E8, 1984, 401 Seiten, Kanadische Dollar 14.95 Barbara Dietz (Hrsg): Zukunftsperspektiven der Sowjetunion. Programm und Wirklichkeit. C.H. Beck, München 1984, 200 Seiten, öS 154.40/ DM 19.80 Cronid Lubarsky (Hrsg): List of Political Prisoners in the USSR. USSR News Brief, München, 325 Seiten Herman Kahn: Nachdenken über den Atomkrieg. Konflikt-Szenarios mit simulierten Situationen im Dienste der Friedensstrategie. Scherz Verlag, Bern und München 1984, 318 Seiten International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights (Hg.): A Report from the International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights. Violations of the Helsinki Accords: August 1983 - September 1984, 195 Seiten, US-Dollar 8.- Edvard Kardelj: Der Übermacht zum Trotz. Erinnerungen an Jugoslawiens Kampf um Anerkennung und Souveränität 1944-1957. Mit einem Vorwort von Dr. Bruno Kreisky. Drava Verlag, Klagenfurt/Celovec und Editoriak stampa Triestina, 1984, 206 Seiten Milo Dor/Reinhard Federmann: Internationale Zone. Medusa, Wien 1984, 223 Seiten Dietrich Frenzke: Verträge der UdSSR über Freundschaft und Zusammenarbeit. Analyse und Dokumentation. Berlin Verlag, Berlin 1983, 276 Seiten, öS 296,40/DM 38.- Helga Hirsch: Bewegungen für Demokratie und Unabhängigkeit in Polen 1976-1980. Matthias-Grünewald-Verlag, Mainz 1985, 176 Seiten, öS 171.60/DM 22.- Michael Friedländer: Die ungarische Wirtschaftsreform. Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche. Forschungsbericht 99. Wien 1984, 78 Seiten Ilse Grosser: Der Neue Ökonomische Mechanismus in Bulgarien. Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche. Forschungsbericht 98. Wien 1984, 82 Seiten Klaus Bednarz: Mein Moskau. Notizen aus der Sowjetunion. Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg 1985, 264 Seiten, öS 232.40/DM 29.80
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Die immer wieder beschworene Konfrontation der Großmächte, die Rüstungseskalation und die Zunahme der politischen Spannungen sind eindeutig eine Folge der sozioökonomischen Antagonismen in den modernen westlichen und östlichen Gesellschaften. Als Hauptquelle wachsender Unsicherheit wirken dabei die globalen Mechanismen der Kapitalverwertung, welche die Rüstungsproduktion, ein ausbeuterisches Verhältnis zur Natur und imperialistisches Herrschaftsstreben anheizen. Diese Mechanismen sind nicht anonym, im Sinne eines allgemeinen Schuldzusammenhanges, sondern Kennzeichen spätkapitalistischer Klassenherrschaft. Täter und Opfer sind nicht identisch.
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Analyzing and deciding on capital structure is one of the core activities of any company, as evidenced by the vast amount of research. Each sector is characterized by a different capital structure. This article deals with the impact of profitability, non-debt tax shield, GDP growth rate, and inflation rate on the overall, long-term, and short-term debt of medium and large civil engineering companies. The analysis is carried out for the period 2009–2018 on eleven selected economies, including the extended Visegrád Group and Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia. The input data is obtained from the Orbis database and the World Bank database. Panel regression using the Generalized Method of Moment is used to analyze the influence of selected determinants on debt.
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This paper analyses the effects of political fragmentation of central government expenditure. We have defined political fragmentation as the number of spending ministers in the government and the number of political parties in the governing coalition. Previous studies have found evidence of a positive relationship between the two sides. We have tested this relationship using more recent data (from 1999-2011) on a panel of 29 countries. Furthermore, due to an intense debate about the effects of monetary policy on fiscal discipline, we also investigate a rather unorthodox idea that the absence of independent monetary policy in a country diminishes the effects of political fragmentation. We have found that the coalition size interacting with economic growth has an effect on public spending but that the traditional measures of political fragmentation, in themselves, do not have any effect - in contradiction with past findings. We have also failed to find a relationship between independent monetary policy on fiscal discipline.
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The study investigates the economic growth in Central and Eastern Europe in the last 25 years. The economy can be regarded as a substantial topic in any country, but it is even more interesting in developing countries. One of the basic ideas of the European Union is the convergence between member states, namely the reduction of development disparities, which can be achieved through faster economic growth in less‑developed countries. Growth theory is one of the main topics in economics. Its significant importance is because the desire for development is one of the main driving forces of mankind. The aim of the study is to reveal the crucial differences and common features between the growth paths of the eleven Central and Eastern European member states of the European Union. After presenting growth theories, the growth performance of the examined Central and Eastern European member states is pinpointed. During the research, GDP per capita, population, migration, activity rate, employment rate, unemployment rate, foreign direct investment and foreign trade openness are considered.
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The Irish conflict was generally perceived as intractable, rooted in the question of identity. Given the stringent ‘positions’ framed by identities, no solution seemed possible. When attention was paid to addressing the interests underlying the conflict, the identity issue faded away. The popular perception of an identity crisis notwithstanding, the Ukrainian conflict is also rooted in socio-economic and geo-political interests. Drawing lessons from Ulster, a solution in Ukraine is possible. However, Ukraine should remain careful about not copying the consociationalist outcome of Ulster, for a power-sharing arrangement will establish a false sense of a divided society in East Ukraine.
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Our study investigates the recessions that can be identified in Romania within the 1995-2016 timeframe. Technically three such occurrences have been recorded, but as the last two are very close we can say there was two major recessions. Our study investigates certain similarities and differences between the recessions as they appeared and disappeared. We also analyze parts of the economic policies as are they found within the components of GDP. The conclusions attempt to identify some predictable issues regarding Romania's future recession.
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This analysis tackles the dynamics in producer prices in the last twenty years. The goal is to cluster the economic activities based on their similarities in price movement in the producer price indices. This approach would help further model development that could predict the movement of the consumer price indices.
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The danger of export dependent economies is exposure to external shocks, that weakens the domestic economy, which is evident in countries exporting oil in Africa. The fortunes from increased oil revenue by these countries, have been sabotaged through the same shocks in oil prices, leading to inconsistencies in monetary policy. This article examined responses of monetary policy in oil exporting African countries {OEAC] to oil prices and by extension its effect on manufacturing sector’s productivity. Previous research had mixed results on the relationship with inflation and its effect on growth, leading to an ambivalence as per the effect on manufacturing industries’ output. The error correction panel data method was employed in our investigation and it favours structural dynamism as against dynamism of residuals without the usual factor imposition. Three stages of tests [unit root, cointegration and short/long run estimations] were performed. Long run weak association was observed for monetary policy coefficients and that of the productivity growth rate of the manufacturing unit of OEACs. Both the panel and static results have more influence in the short run than in the long run as far as the monetary policy coefficients are concerned. A substantive positive relationship exists for currency undervaluation as well as the productivity growth rate of the manufacturing section of OEACs. This suggests that a decrease in the price of a currency can influence local production and therefore boost real sector advancement. Our results also confirmed the existence of inverse association between the growth rate of the manufacturing unit plus net domestic credit. It is an outcome that lend credence to existing findings about growth and undervalued currencies in many developing economies.
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This paper deals with the study of the modern English language terminology of biotechnology within the framework of the cognitive paradigm. The study of biotechnological terminology from the standpoint of cognitive linguistics is associated with the study of the role of epistemological categories and their linguistic expression in the studied terminology. It has been established that certain categories play an important role both in the birth of a scientific concept and in the formation of a name reflecting it. The author aims to reveal the functional features of the category of space in the language of biotechnology and to identify a set of tools in the English language that serve to express this category. The epistemological category of space is widely represented in biotechnological terminology, since it has pragmatic significance, which is explained by the need to accurately indicate the specific shape, size, location and movement of objects used by humans for manipulation. Thus, from the point of view of the cognitive approach, one of the bases for the classification of concepts in biotechnological terminology is the category of space. The concepts of space (PLACE, CONTENT, FORM, MOVEMENT) have paramount importance in the formation of biotechnology concepts. Linguistic means of representation of these space concepts are widely represented in the biotechnological terminology of the English language. They are special morphemes, special spatial vocabulary, syntactic constructions, which have space information.
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This article is an assessment of the current state of affairs in Uzbekistan’s sustainable development goals (SDG)-related policies. It is based on an analysis of UN compiled data on SDGs, and an overview of Uzbekistan’s key SDG-related strategies, as well as unstructured interviews with a dozen respondents. Desk research suggests that Government’s key SDG priorities remain in export promotion, job creation and increased economic competitiveness. Interviews suggest that sustainability is understood as political and economic stability, economic growth, environmental conservation and rule of law. From the SDG issues, respondents identified SME and female entrepreneur support, employment generation and e-commerce as the ones with the highest priority, while concurring that corruption, monopolies and market distortions, low policy implementation capacity and limited public awareness of sustainability were the greatest obstacles. The greatest strength of Uzbekistan in integrating international trade into SDGs is the current reform momentum. Significantly improved relations with neighbours is another strength, with a window of opportunity to improve on regional trade, transit, connectivity, as well as water management and water-energy nexus. The greatest challenge remains the government’s focus on exports, jobs and investments at the expense of other SDGs, as well as the continuation of the import substitution policies.
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Review of: Paul Dobrescu „The Dragons of Development“.
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The Polish United Workers’ Party (PUWP) was established in 1948 and was ruling Poland for 45 years. This meant its dominant influence on two generations of Poles. It pursued the ideology of Marxism-Leninism and the principle of permanent subordination of Poland to the Soviet Union. From the beginning of its existence, it exercised almost absolute control of the country’s internal and foreign policy, administration, the economic sphere and official manifestations of social life. It penetrated into all areas of activity of Poland and its citizens. Collectivism with central planning of the society’s future became the most important for it. The economic and social doctrine of communists assumed the elimination of private property from the economic life. Communist dogmas and the primacy of politics led to a total State control in all areas of life in the country and interference in all spheres of citizens’ lives, including the most broadly understood culture, including customs and religion, and private life. At the end of the 70s, the PUWP reached its peak – it brought together nearly 3.2 million members, i.e. around 15 percent of adult inhabitants of Poland. The rule of PWP/PUWP led to the creation of a totalitarian regime of the State. Over the course of 45 years, it had varied development dynamics. Nevertheless, the fundamental principle of the monopoly of communist power and the perception of the State as the ownership of one party was a canon until 1989.
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