We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Scientific researches had demonstrated already that Humans and other beings from the Earth are not so different from biological and genetic point of view. Somewhere with millions years back in time qualitative changes were taken place when men were started to look to the sky not only with fear like any other wild animal but also with hope that in the very far future they will become at least as great as the sky. In this very hard road of mankind to perfection, some kind of immaterial inner superior being had suggested the right steps. Now we are calling this “Consciousness, Awareness” and this inner force without any doubt leads us to God. The main problem in Human Consciousness is to define the percentage of real pure man awareness separated from physical and biological nature. It is well known fact that many factors like education, weather, environment and other components influence, model and forms the human state of consciousness. The main method in the determination of real, pure awareness state is to separate it by examination of some human factors of life. It is considered that the basis of the pure state of human consciousness is the Word as it has the power to induce a pure way of perception. The human consciousness is considered pure for the most part, because the Word is able to move people with the strength of its full purity.
More...
In this text the author emphasised the following: introducing the dimension of the historic perspective in the observation of the scientific game, and thereby inevitably the moment of relativism, Kuhn definitely questioned the approach to these problems from the standpoint of the absolute which was a ruling principle for so long and a dominant feature of the most viewpoints in theory of science. Therefore, his contribution to the constitution of the so-called »new image of science« is very significant today.
More...
In the philosophy of mathematics, it is well known that the Platonists support the view of the existence of mathematical objects. The so-called Enhanced indispensability argument – EIA, recently explicitly formulated by Alan Baker in the form of modal syllogisms, can be understood as an attempt to support this Platonic view. this argument has recently caused a unmber of different reactions. A small number of analyses supported the argument or any of its parts. We will single out exactly one such analysis which supports the second premise of the EIA. It is a naturalistic approach to the role and indispensability of mathematical explanation in science. We will try to show that this attempt to defend the said premise and hence the EIA has several significant shortcomings due to which, it seems to us, it cannot serve as an additional argument in favour of the Platonists.
More...Znanstvenik kao homo economicus i homo sociologicus versus homo academicus universalis
This paper critically examines some aspects of the role of scientists in modern society, starting from the different expectations from scientists under various outside pressures: scientometry, social responsibility and humanistic tasks. In considering the social framework and norms that guide the actions of scientists, firstly we will summarize possible approaches to the roles of scientists as homo economicus and homo sociologicus, which could be used as ideal-type templates for the development of the model that analyses both the role of scientists in features of utility, profit and rationality at the individual, organizational and socio-political level. After that we will show an integrative model of homo academicus universalis, which integrates and reconciles some characteristics of the previous two models, and brings some old humanistic ideals of a scientist as a universal human being. At the end, we briefly analyse the social context: the market society in which the prevailing tendency is that science is becoming fully commodified as well.
More...
The modern civil epoch is founded on logocentric image of the world, the meaning of which is derived from the high level of confidence in human spiritual abilities. Logocentrism, in other words, represents the view that the principle of understanding is the basis of man's world but also the universe as a whole. Homocentrism, on the other hand, as a modern worldview is based on antique vision of man as an individual being among other natural beings. Such an understanding comes from the belief that the ultimate basis of the man’s world is not determined by nature, god, necessity or chance, but that man, as a free individual, with his powers is the basis of human historic world. The results of scientific achievements and observations, although primarily inclined towards the progress and achievement of the highest human values, particularly due to the aforementioned freedom and the possibility of choice, can have negative or even dramatic consequences. H. Marcuse in one of his stages even believed that the scientific and technical process almost completely got out of hand in terms of human control, and that the dilemma whether our planet will survive or perish will be decided by coincidence. Closer to the truth, in the author's opinion, is the view that, regardless of all its ambivalence, scientific achievements are still under the control of man, and that in different modes that control can be more efficient and more differentiated in the future. The author thinks that in the era of rapid strengthening of social and technological effects of science, it is necessary to (bio) ethically codify the issue of social responsibility of scientists which, in order to be adequately internalized, must be an integral part of their upbringing and education from the earliest days. It is very important that scientists in their perceptions and insights, which especially in the area of humanities have a character of value judgments, do not go below the achieved civilization standards of ethical and moral culture and that they reflect on different topics with due caution and awareness of the dilemmas they may encounter in their professional work. That is why the question of their responsibility is crucial, it is the essential question of their actions, and not an incidental question that can be but not necessarily linked to what is happening in the field of science and technology. Corresponding interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach, as well as awareness of essential compatibility of scientific freedom and responsibility, finally, should result in a different and more sophisticated attitude of scientists themselves towards the possibilities of their own discipline and significance of its effects.
More...
Pitanje islama i moderne znanosti zajedno s njezinim sljedbenikom, modernom tehnologijom, do danas se kontinuira kao jedno od krucijalnih pitanja s kojim se suočava islamska zajednica. Njime su se zanimali i dalje se zanimaju brojni učenjaci i mislioci, obuhvatajući skoro cijeli spektar islamskih intelektualnih aktivnosti još od prošlog stoljeća. Ovaj povećan interes za to pitanje nije skorašnji; on se, zapravo, vraća na početke intelektualnog susreta islamskog svijeta i modernog Zapada: u rano devetnaesto stoljeće i obuhvata nahda-pokret u arapskom svijetu kao i slične pokrete među Perzijancima, Turcima i muslimanima indo-pakistanskog potkontinenta tog vremena.
More...
The main matter of the philosophy of security concentrates on the defense of the public order. There are much of areas (cosmology, psychology, anthropology, sociology), where the public order needs a defense. Philosophers, in the world history have expressed their minds about the public order analysing the forms of the harmony and the forms of the chaos in their time, and have proposed much forms to securise the public order. A special topic was the chaos resulting from the collision (crash) of diverse orders. The contemporary task of the philosophy of security is to direct our attention to what today is our public order, whose are the dangerous forms of contemporary chaos and which are the protection strategy for our cosmos.
More...
The House of Wisdom (Bayt al-Hikmah) was built first as a library where the books on the sciences of the Ancients were kept. Under the sponsorship of the Caliph Al-Ma’m¯un (813–833), it developed into a scientific institute where the books on Ancient Greek philosophy were translated into Arabic. The Caliph acquired many Greek manuscripts and generously supported the translation activities in the House. By the end of the century, Arabic translation of the major works of the Greek philosophy and science had been completed. Thus, the Caliph and his House paved the way for the rise and flourish of Islamic philosophy and science.
More...
The Italian Jewish philosopher Judah Romano, who flourished in the second quarter of the fourteenth century, was in his time among the most prolific translators of Latin scholastic texts into Hebrew. His mostly unedited writings include selections from the physical works of Albert the Great, which are of interest for the development of Hebrew scientifi c terminology as well as for the circulation of scholastic thought among Jewish audiences. The present article presents a critical edition of Judah’s translation of Albert’s short treatise "De forma resultante in speculo" (“On the image reproduced in the mirror”), which is conserved in three Hebrew manuscripts, respectively kept in Florence, Parma, and Oxford, under the title Ha-tsurah ha-neḥqeqet be-mar’ah. Th anks to Henryk Anzulewicz, who published in 1999 a critical edition and a thorough study of the Latin original, it is possible to detect the peculiar textual features of the Hebrew translation and to place the latter’s lost Latin model inside the complex transmission of De forma. From its peculiar angle, the Hebrew reception of "De forma" sheds light on the conditions and motivations of the wider circulation of Albertian science during the Late Middle Ages
More...
The author, Dr. Enes Karić, a full time professor at the Faculty of Islamic Sciences in Sarajevo, presents us with his opinion on the unacceptable concept of the human beings cloning from the Islamic view of the world. The author claims that the cloning disturbs the Islamic teaching about the boundaries. A man must respect different boundaries such as ethical, moral, religious and philosophical boundaries. The concept of cloning erases the lines of those boundaries and is therefore unacceptable. Furthermore, Dr. Karić believes that the cloning is the example of violation of the concept of the whole. God always creates in a unique way each time making a new unique whole.
More...
Postoje dvije dojmljive književne slike. One nam govore o "ugo- đaju" u kojem nastaje razgovor između onih koji ljube mudrost (sophia) i onih koji su prijatelji vjere u božansko (theos). Prvu sliku spominje José Ortega y Gasset na početku ogleda O ljubavi napisanoga kao predgovor knjizi Victorie Ocampo Od Francesce do Beatrice: Uloga žena u povijesti. U ogledu o odnosu metafizičke i tjelesne ljubavi, španjolski filozof uzima stoičke i renesansne prispodobe ugode: vrt, užitak u objedu i pogled dvoje ljudi. Razgovor o ljubavi, međutim, nije drugo negoli temeljno pitanje o smislu egzistencije čovjeka u doba prijetećega uništenja. Na kraju se nalazi upečatljiva misaona slika o posljednjem tračku sunca u svečanoj agoniji u doba univerzalnoga sumraka svijeta. Razgovor o prijateljstvu i ljubavi završava svojevrsnom "vjerom" u mogućnost prebolijevanja tog prijetećega sumraka zapadnjačke civilizacije, ali ne i njegova neumitnoga kraja. Drugu nam sliku podastire argentinski književnik Jorge Luis Borges u pripovijesti Besmrtnik. Radi se o fiktivnome dijalogu rimskih filozofa i teologa o besmrtnosti čovjeka.
More...
Općenito gledano naslovi se teško mogu zaštiti autorskim pravima, iako pretpostavljam da ima nekog načina zaštiti inovativne književne naslove. Naslov teksta blizak je naslovu jedne razmjerno nove knjige, knjige Marcusa Gabriela, Ja nije mozak, koja dosta jednostavno izlaže, mogli bismo reći interdisciplinarnu, raspravu o svijesti, mozgu pa i popularne predodžbe o umjetnoj inteligenciji, strahu od robota i tome slično.
More...
The article considers the concept of science as it is expressed by 13th century Franciscan scientist Roger Bacon. He realized the importance of science for the reformation of social life and therefore strived to promote interdisciplinary communication. He sought to constitute the universal system of science (scientia integralis) which would encompass Bible, philosophy, and natural sciences. The integrating core of this system would be mathematics and experimental science (scientia experimentalis). According to the author, the cognition of the world and nature was possible if and only if the principles of reasoning and experimenting were united. Bacon’s vision is analyses is based on his treatise Opus Maius.
More...
The article analyzes the tractate “An outlook on Mathematics through its influence on human education” (Ansicht des Einflusses der Mathematik auf die Bildung des Menschen) written by Józef Gołuchowski – a philosopher of Polish origin, who briefly taught at Vilnius University in the early 19th century. The statements of Gołuchowski on the importance of mathematical thinking are compared with similar ideas in Kant, Fichte, Schelling and Schiller. It is recognized that features of Romantic philosophy are only of fragmented character in the tractate. The importance of feeling compromising the role of reason and intellect has not been enhanced, rather the necessary harmony of all cognitive capacities has been accentuated.
More...