Un monument feudal dobrogean necunoscut - biserica Sf. Atanasie de la Niculițel

Author(s): Cristian Moisescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/1976

A l'occasion des récentes recherches effectuées sur les monuments d'architecture de la zone du nord de la Dobroudja, on a découvert dans le village de Niculiţel, un ancien édifice de culte, actuellement l'église St. Athanase (fig. 1). La plus ancienne partie de l'église, comprenant le pronaos, le naos et l'autel, est surmontée d'une tour, soutenue vers le sud et le nord par deux arches latérales en plein cintre, vers l'ouest par une voâte semicylindrique, disposée en long, et vers l'est par une voûte étroite, toujours cylindrique (fig. 2). Le pronaos de l'église — en forme actuel adossé à la construction initiale — de forme presque carrée, est recouvert d'une voûte longitudinale (fig. 3). La dernière étape de construction est constituée par l'exonarthex surmonté d'une tour, ajouté à l'ancien édifice en 1880. Les éléments dont nous disposons à l'état actuel des recherches nous permettent de situer le monument dont il s'agit dans une époque dont les limites ne dépassent pas la fin du XII-ème siècle et le début du siècle suivant. En tenant compte de son type et de ses dimensions, nous considérons que cette église a appartenu soit a une résidence féodale, soit à une collectivité civile.

A Dangerous Mind. Lars Von Trier’s “The House That Jack Built”

Author(s): Ştefan Bolea / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

In Lars von Trier’s latest movie, The House That Jack Built (2018), the serial killer Jack may be seen as a substitute for God. Following Maurice Blanchot and drawing from Jungian psychology, I will analyze the relationship between murder and sovereignty. Jack’s dream of the perfect crime is reminiscent of the Schopenhauerian project of universal crime. Taking into account the nihilistic works of Philipp Mainländer, Mihai Eminescu, Angernon Charles Swinburne, and others, I will discuss the Antinatalist predilection of non-existence over existence. I shall also examine the possibility of anti-nihilism.

Freud (1962) – A Stylistic and Theoretical Approach

Author(s): Florina Haret / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

The aim of this article is to discern - guided by works such as Frank Sulloway’s Freud, Biologist of the Mind, or Joseph Campbell’s The Hero with a Thousand Faces - the main stylistic and discursive elements contouring the myth of the hero in John Huston’s 1962 film Freud. It is contended that the biographical approach constituting the most apparent layer of the film is built on a theoretical approach covering the main tenets of psychoanalysis, as well as on a mythical approach gradually unfolding the archetypal figure of the hero, shaped by aspects such as the protagonist’s isolation and originality, the presence of helping characters, the descent to the underworld, etc. However, as it is famously the case for psychoanalysis, the founder’s biography is closely linked with the fate and image of his work: specifically, in this film, Freud’s journey is doubled by the emergence of psychoanalysis as a discipline, molded by inspiration, observation, and opposition. Thus, the film follows the main events in Freud’s life over ten crucial years, from his decisive travel to Paris and his acquaintance with Charcot’s work, up to his abandoning hypnosis in favor of free association and the birth of psychoanalysis. Even if – with the hindsight that Freud’s efforts of promoting his work have proved to be more than fruitful – one might be tempted to assume that this is a flawless hero’s journey, the end of the film stays somewhat ambivalent, casting a shadow of doubt over the apparent note of triumph: both Freud’s image and that of psychoanalysis are fated to an open future.

Moartea lui Jim între apolinic și dionisiac

Author(s): Nicolae Goje / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2019

This review follows Cristian Ciceu’s reflections on the theme of death in the context of Jim Morrison’s poetry. The author presents death as a finality, an aspect that imposes itself directly and finds paradoxical expressions in the rock star’s lyrics. Morrison’s poetics is infused with the theme of death which appears in different aspects: violence, apathy; but it appears in positive aspects also: sexuality and creativity. The author emphasizes the rapport between the poet and death, finding that death would cancel the contact with matter, a thing that is most important for a Dionysian personality. Salvation appears in a paradoxical form, the irreversibility of time implies at the same time the immutability of the past.

Revisiting the Tomis Amphitheatre – Theories and Hypothesis

Author(s): Marius‐Cristian Streinu / Language(s): English Issue: 48-49/2015

Les hypothèses entourant l’existence d’un amphithéâtre à Tomis nʹont cessé de différer. Celle communément acceptée défend la tenue des combats de gladiateurs dans un théâtre ou un stade modifié afin de les accueillir. Les réserves exprimées autour de l’existence d’un édifice spécifique, romain par excellence, dans une ville grecque ont perduré même après la découverte dans les années 1980 d’un bâtiment présentant certaines caractéristiques propres à un amphithéâtre. Le présent article se propose dès lors dʹaborder à nouveau cette question en passant en revue les différentes catégories de bâtiments concernés avant de cerner le rôle joué par l’amphithéâtre de Tomis dans l’histoire des provinces de la mer Noire.

Kilka myśli o mieście, historii, pamięci i narodzie

Author(s): Aleksander Łupienko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 81/2020

Średniowieczne zabytki w nowoczesnym kraju. Z dziejów dziewiętnastowiecznego polskiego dyskursu o architekturze

Author(s): Aleksander Łupienko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 81/2020

The work discusses the image of the medieval archi- tectural heritage in the Polish public discourse of the nineteenth century. The author uses a corpus of texts published in academic journals and books to ana- lyze the attitudes towards historical buildings in a period marked by intense development of the national cause and Romanticism, and later by the grow- ing competition between the empires of Central Europe in the field of culture. The analysis shows growing esteem for the Gothic style, which was seen as having great potential for the future of architecture, as the well as general pessimistic attitude towards culture prevalent in the 1880s.

Motywy roślinne w architekturze sakralnej gminy Kiełczygłów i okolic (województwo łódzkie) – wybrane obiekty

Author(s): Alicja Zemanek,Aleksandra Jędrzejska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27/2020

Interdisciplinary studies on the role of plants in culture are rare, that is why a rich plant ornamentation of the churches in Poland is little known. This article presents the first documentation of the plant ornaments in nine Roman Catholic churches of Kiełczygłów Community and surroundings in Łódź Voivodeship, which were built from the 16th into the 20th centuries. The first stage of work was to take 385 photographs, then to organize a basis with 505 records, one record containing one plant ornament. As a result of botanical analysis 39 taxa were determined, including 17 species, 18 genera, and 4 families. Some of the plant motifs could not be identified because of strong stylization. The most frequent taxa were the old useful plants popular in sacral art, originating in southern or south-eastern regions of Europe and in West Asia: bear’s-breech (Acanthus sp1.), rose (Rosa sp.), Madonna lily (Lilium candidum L.), and grape-vine (Vitis vinifera L.). Some ornaments present the plants occurring in wild in Poland or as field and meadow weeds, e.g. bellflower (Campanula sp.) or poppy (Papaver sp.). The greatest number of ornaments was identified in the neo-Gothic St. Casimir Church in Osjaków. Captivating in their colors and diversity of shapes, the plant ornaments serve not only decorative functions, but symbolic ones as well. This article hopes to contribute, at least to a small extent, to the reflection on the presence of plants in our culture and to raise the awareness of how important it is to protect local species that perish irretrievably due to anthropogenic activity.

Muzica lui 1877 în colecţiile Bibliotecii Centrale de Stat

Author(s): Ioana Ursei-Manasiu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/1978

Dans la tradition musicale roumaine, la guerre pour l'indépendance symbolise la lutte et les sacrifices du peuple roumain depuis toujours dans la voie de l'affirmation de la souveraineté de la nation. La bravoure et les prouesses des soldats roumains ont stimulé abondamment la création musicale, gui a abordé de préférence les genres miniaturaux plus accéssible à la grande masse des gens. Les partitions musicales se trouvant dans les collections de la Bibliothèque Centrale d'Etat, constituent la production musicale imprimée la plus importante de l'époque. Elle se trouve présentée par groupes, suivant les genres de création et les modes d'inteprétation. Il nous semble utile, par ailleurs, de souligner les excellentes conditions graphiques dans lesquelles les Imprimeurs roumains ou étrangers ont présenté le contenu de ces oeuvres : couvertures suggestives illustrées avec fantaisie, sans oublier les circonstances qui ont constitué le sujet de la création respective — scènes de guerre, images de soldats, trophées etc. Une bibliographie détaillée sur la création musicale ayant pour thème l'année 1877, a été élaborée par la Bibliothèque Centrale d'Etat — après minutieuses recherches et l'analyse des partitions musicales — jusqu'à la période de la première guerre mondiale, quand s'est parachevée l'union de tous les roumains.

Eroismul ostaşilor români în războiul de independenţă oglindit în creaţia muzicală din a doua jumătate a sec. al XIX-lea

Author(s): Alexandru I. Bădulescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/1978

L'héroïsme de l'armée roumaine pendant la guerre de 1877—1878, pour conquérir l'Indépendance d'état de la Roumanie a inspiré le créateur populaire ainsi que les grands écrivains et compositeurs de cette période-là. Dans la riche création musicale populaire du département de Prahova on rencontre des chansons où sont évoqués des moments de la bravoure roumaine sur le champ de bataille au sud du Danube : La chanson de Plevna, Hö, mon brave, où va-tu ? collectionnées dans le village de Bătrâni — la commune de Starchiojd, la chanson intitulée Le sergent Dan du village de Boldeşti — la commune de Boldeşti-Grădiştea, Hé, captain Walter etc. De la vaste oeuvre des compositeurs roumains de cette période-là, dédiée à cet événement, oeuvre signée Ciprian Porumbescu, Gavriil Musicescu, Ion Vidu, Constantin Dimttrescu, George Brătianu, Ion Costescu, lalovtski etc., on rémarque les chansons : La mort brave, La ronde de Plevna, La ronde de Grivitza, Les trompettes résonnent, Les fils de la Roumanie par Gavril Musicescu et notamment L'hymne des chasseurs — un vrai poème choral écrit par le grand compositeur moldave pour honorer les faits d'armes du bataillon 2 Chasseurs de Ploieşti qui se couvrirent de gloire pendant les luttes de Grivitza et de Plevna. L'hymne des chasseurs a été chanté pour la première fos en 1897 à l'occasion de l'inauguration du monument des Chasseurs de Ploieşti.

Metodele informaticii şi sistematizarea cercetării picturii medievale româneşti (I)

Author(s): Bogdana Irimia / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/1976

Le perfectionnement de la recherche scientifique dans le cadre de l'ample action d'inventaire systhémathique des oeuvres d'art appartenant au patrimoine culturel national réclame l'utilisation des méthodes modernes d'analyse documentaire. L'expérience des autres pays a démontré que l'utilisation des méthodes de l'informatique peuvent être appliquées avec succès et offrir des résultats intéressants dans le domaine de l'histoire de l'art. Ces méthodes utilisées dans le cadre des recherches sur les ensembles de peinture murale du moyen âge de notre pays permettent l'élaboration d'analyses détaillées, rigoureusement scientifiques, comparatives, tant du point de vue iconographique que du point de vue du style, qui constitueront une base de discussions concernant les nouvelles méthodes modernes d'investigation, appliquées à l'avenir dans les recherches individuelles et en vue de l'utilisation des analyses obtenues à l'aide du calculateur électronique. Pendant cette première phase de la recherche il convient que les représentations picturales soient formalisées, décrites selon un schéma type, élaboré par nous en fonction des caractéristiques formelles et matérielles générales et particulières des images. Différentes catégories de fiches systhématisées, formant un corpus de documents se référant aux divers thèmes iconographiques analysés chronologiquement, ou classifiés, ou bien aux cycles iconographiques ou ensembles de peinture murale représentatives, constitueront des répertoires détaillés, ayant une double function: 1. nécessaires aux recherches individuelles, constituant d'utiles instruments de travail; 2. nécessaires aux analyses éléctroniques, après avoir été tout d'abord codifiés et introduits dans la mémoire du calculateur. L'application conséquente des mtéhodes de l'informatique aux analyses iconographiques et de style auront comme résultat l'élaboration d'études statistiques concernant les solutions structurales dans leur diversité, études se référant à des principes nouveaux de classification des images et des théories nouvelles d'ordre esthétique. Ces analyses permettront en fin de compte l'élaboration de tableaux scientifiques comparatifs, de statistiques concernant l'évolution des peintures murales du moyen âge dans les différentes zones du pays. Quant aux modalités de calcul éléctronique, il est nécessaire que les historiens d'art, en collaboration avec les mathématiciens, élaborent un „lexique documentaire" qui sera utilisé à indexer le stoc d'informations résultées de la recherche des peintures murales, qui seront réceptionnées par le calculateur. Les résultats finals obtenus par l'exploitation automate des documentations se montreront utiles à l'élaboration des études comparatives d'iconographie et de style, des études statistiques, de l'évidence centralisée et à la vérification des Les recherches à l'aide du calculateur éléctronique peuvent être également hypothèses appliquées avec succès dans les domaines de l'histoire de l'art, en assurant un système organisé et des méthodes d'investigation se basant sur la technique de la classification, méthodes qui garantiront des données d'une rigueur scientifique à l'appui des analyses complexes et diversifiées. Dans ce processus, le rôle de l'historien d'art est particulièrement précieux, ses connaissances étant en permanence impliquées dans la vérification de la cor-rectitude des résultats des analyses éléctroniques. L'application des méthodes de l'informatique dans le domaine de la recherche des peintures murales du moyen-âge en Roumanie, contribueront de façon certaine à la modernisation des recherches scientifiques.

Vitejia armatei române în războiul din 1877-1878 reflectată în creaţii ale pictorului Oscar Obedeanu

Author(s): Mircea Dumitru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/1976

Evénement à de profondes significations pour l'histoire de la Roumanie, la guerre de 1877—J878 a attiré l'attention de nombreux créateurs, de divers domaines de la culture nationale. Parmi les plasticiens roumains s'inspirant de la participation héroïque de l'armée roumaine aux combats avec les Turcs, à côté des maîtres de préstige, comme Nicolae Grigorescu, Sava Henţia et George Demetrescu-Mirea, il est aussi à remarquer la création du peintre Oscar Obedeanu (1867—1915), dont le Musée d'Histoire de la R. S. de Roumanie a récemment fait l'acquisition de plusieurs dessins. Spécialiste reconnu de la peinture historique roumaine à caractère militaire, Oscar Obedeanu a illustré dans ses dessins, d'une manière véridique, réaliste et suggestive, maintes scènes des combats menés par les Roumains pour l'indépendance. Les dessins laissent voir non seulement une documentation attentive de l'auteur sur des faits historiques militaires mais, en égale mesure, son talent à bats, l'héroïsme des soldats roumains en des scènes individuelles ou collectives.

A Hermeneutic Exercise of the Convergence Between National Features and the Modernity of the European Spirit

Author(s): Ludmila Braniste / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2021

However ungrateful the situation of Romanian writers who express themselves by means of a language with a limited circulation – the Romanian language – may remain, quite a few of them are European writers. This is reflected in the role they play in their national literature, the modern contents and artistic expressivity of their works and, last but not least, their commitment to the active conscience of human community. The present article is aimed at undertaking a hermeneutical exercise of a centuries-old, fruitful history of cultural and literary Franco-Romanian relations from the beginning until the second half of the 19th century. We will mainly address the topic of Vasile Alecsandri and his generation, who struggled with all responsibility for the development of these relations. This study proves how the Romanian writer, truly European by character, knew that the convergence between national specificity and the modernity of the European spirit is the basis for literary success, the longevity of his works and the cultural relations between his nation and France. Literature has always meant a value of human equilibrium, civilization and humanization. Taking into account all that has been mentioned above, we believe that dwelling at some length upon the exemplary demonstration of the Romanian Europeanism carried out by Vasile Alecsandri in his human and artistic essence, cannot be anything but legitimate, opportune and useful.

“Wonder Boys” Book vs Movie Comparison: Do Wonder Boys Wander Through Joys?

Author(s): Teodora Leon / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2021

Comparisons between books and movies tend to instigate intense conversations. Adapting a film is no simple task, but contrasting the two products can also be an erratic process, regardless of how much one tries to gather all of their ideas together. A mere observation can bring about diverse opinions or daring suggestions on how readers / viewers would have portrayed a certain scene or a small but crucial detail. In the end, it comes down to the charm of taking on the active role of a “critic” and analyzing the choices that were made alongside possible alternatives. The respective article will talk about how the novel “Wonder Boys”, written by Michael Chabon, came to be interpreted in a different medium, as a comedy-drama film from 2000, directed by Curtis Hanson. “Wonder Boys” may be perceived as a world of freedom from various outlooks. In 1995, Chabon – already ahead of his time – produced a small universe in his novel, where his characters could express themselves candidly. In 2000, Hanson went from being a reader to an avid interpreter and creator of his own “Wonder Boys”. Up until today, fortunate people, who come across the book and the film, can spot the director’s ingenious approach, accompanied by his constant loyalty to the writer’s concepts. We are dealing with a piece of work which should be discussed more frequently in classrooms or university lectures, due to its representative teacher-student bonding, the twisted realistic world – in which troubled individuals can still become inspirations for others – and its quality to be replicated in such inventive ways.

Ambony protestanckie w gotyckich kościołach w Osiekach i Suchej Koszalińskiej

Author(s): Henryk Romanik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2021

Pomeranian churches combine elements of the medieval Gothic tradition and furnishings from the Lutheran Reformation era. Such examples can be found in two temples, the history of which dates back to the times of the mission of religious orders in the Koszalin region. The original relics of the original furnishings are very rare, but relatively many elements of Protestant sacred art have been preserved. Two pulpits located on the new tourist route between Darlowo (Darłowo) and Sianow (Sianów) attract particular attention. The pulpit in Osieki belongs to the family of late-Renaissance pulpits (c. 1660) with an architectural structure with figural and sometimes painted decorations. An interesting fact here is the inscriptions of the chronostychonic co¬nvention, which encode chronological information in the writing of letters as Roman numerals. Unfortunately, during the last conservation works, the information from the parish chronicle published before World War II was not used. Documented biblical sentences originally placed under the parapet and in the panels under the statues of the apostles have not been recreated. The rococo pulpit (1729) in Sucha Koszalinska (Sucha Koszalińska) is even more rooted in the scriptural tradition. Here, the decoration of the canopy and the pulpit’s basket are a dozen medallions with biblical quotations, which fully express the ideological program rooted in the prophetic and apostolic books. The only figure is the image of Christ the Savior of the World, and on the top of the canopy we have the image of the Holy Spirit’s dove. Both pulpits deserve the attention of art and liturgical historians, and after the necessary conservation works, they can become a tourist attraction of the coastal microregion.

Нагласи за възприемането на фотографския образ от появата му до днес. Типологии

Author(s): Antoan Bojinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

This text is focused on the socialisation process of the photo image since its appearance in the 19th Century to this day. In spite of its timely occurrence which catered to the growing need for image memory of industrial society, this type of photography was perceived diversely at the beginning. The scientific, technical and cultural elites gladly embraced it and immediately found application for it, whereas the prevailing population, immersed in its daily routine, perceived it with suspicion, and in countries that were rather backward in their pictorial tradition, even with hostility. It took some time for it to become part of everyday life, and, later, to make the next cultural revolution after Gutenberg‘s, so that we arrive at today‘s fast-paced world, which is undoubtedly prevailed by the image. This text outlines the main visual constructs through which this happens, and tries to answer the question of why today's new or rather modified types of photography are constantly appearing.

Interacțiunea Codurilor în Comediile Franceze Subtitrate în Limba Română

Author(s): Angela Grădinaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/2020

The main objective of this study resides in addressing the film (French comedy) as a semiotic system – signs that are used in the process of message production and interpretation and as an interference of codes that govern the use of these signs. The message of a film is a combination of signs that produces the sense when interacting with the receiver. The more we share the same codes and the same sign system, the closer will the significances attributed to the message be. The multitude of codes and the indefinite variety of contexts and circumstances make it possible for the same message to be decoded from different perspectives and by reference to different convention systems. The interpretative codes make way to multiple connotations by means of accessing perceptive and ideological sub-codes. Language can be externalised through articulated words, gestures, through plastic and musical representations. Therefore, we can identify the following active codes in French comedies: logical, aesthetic, sensory, body, visual, iconic, chromatic, cultural. We emphasise the language creativity as a sign system by means of which it is ensured the transition from image to imaginary, from (re)presentation to the condition of (language) signs re(signification) within the limits of the imaginary imprinted in the film sequence. In an audiovisual discourse, the word does not intend to convince the receiver; instead, it intends to create an aesthetic emotion. As a sign, humour represents the object of film semiotics that creates correspondents with other specific codes. Even if verbal language is the most powerful semiotic artifice known to humans, it does not fully satisfy the principle of general expressibility and, in order to be more powerful than it already is, one has to resort to other semiotic systems.

Shakespeare in the Box: Gregory Doran’s Hamlet (2009)

Author(s): Ana-Maria Iftimie / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2021

A constant in the history of film since its inception, William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Prince of Denmark has been delivered to filmgoers throughout the twentieth and the twenty-first centuries in various adaptation schemata of the three versions of the text available for free interpretation and reprocessing. While Laurence Olivier’s, Franco Zeffirelli’s and Kenneth Branagh’s acclaimed ‘multimodal rewritings’ seem to have acquired critical consensus, tens of other Hamlet films are launched regularly, placing the young Dane’s tragedy in the most unexpected settings or periods of time. A telling example is Gregory Doran’s 2009 filmed theatrical performance, which places Elsinore in a modern-day British society under constant surveillance, probably with a view to transposing the old Elizabethan habits of espionage and control of the population in a manner both accessible and relatable to the contemporary viewer. This paper contends that, by using surveillance devices, such as CCTV or hand-held cameras, and by redesigning King Hamlet’s ghost as the ultimate embodiment of the watchful eye of the (divine?) authority, the film brings to the fore the timelessness of the Shakespearean themes.

Mediewalizm w malarstwie czeskim XIX wieku. Zwycięstwo pod Mediolanem 1158 roku i inne kluczowe wydarzenia epoki średniowiecza budujące tożsamość wspólnoty Czechów

Author(s): Joanna Sobiesiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 24/2020

This article focusses on the interpretation of the history of the times of the Přemyslid dynasty, an interpretation that is present in Czech historical painting in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It takes a close look at the reign of the Czech king Vladislaus II (1140–1172). He was the second crowned Czech ruler at a time when there was no tradition of royal power and authority. This ruler was negatively assessed in medieval history writing that was somewhat later than his reign. However, in painting, which, after all, must succinctly transmit its message through symbol or allegory, King Vladislaus became a Czech hero. Linking his person to the Milan expedition, artists, who depicted this as an unambiguously praiseworthy episode in Czech history, showed the King as a key figure in those events. Vladislaus symbolized all the triumphs of the Czechs.

INSTITUTIONALISATION OF AMATEUR ARTS IN LATVIA: INVOLVEMENT OF AMATEUR ARTISTS IN DECISION-MAKING PROCESS

Author(s): Baiba Tjarve,Agnese Hermane / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

There are 69.6 thousand amateur artists in Latvia (3.5% of the population) who take part in various amateur arts groups. Majority of these amateurs sustain the tradition of the Nationwide Song and Dance Celebration, a phenomenon which has been inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO. Even though in many countries amateur arts groups are self-governed, in Latvia the process has been institutionalised, mainly due to the organisation of the amateur arts sector during the Soviet period. Groups do not usually operate as civic associations, but are affiliated to municipal cultural centres. Both local and national authorities have a decisive role in the process. The study aims to identify gaps in the communication and decision-making process between amateur artists, artistic leaders of the amateur art groups and institutionalised decision-making bodies. Quantitative and qualitative data have been collected to analyse the governance of the Celebration and to identify the forms of amateur involvement.