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Hegelian Philosophy and Social Representations

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Hegelian Philosophy and Social Representations

Author(s): Radu Neculau / Language(s): English Issue: 50/2022

The paper reconstructs some of the main features of Serge Moscovici’s theory of social representations against the background provided by Hegel’s theory of knowledge, identity, and the rational society. The argument presented here is that Moscovici, just like Hegel before him, conceives of social representations as status instituting normative attitudes.

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KANTOVA KRITIKA ČISTOG UMA I DOGMATIZAM METAFIZIKE

Author(s): Aleksandar Lukić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2021

In this paper, the author explores Kant’s Copernican revolution that departs from philosophical tradition. Kant challenges a view that the existence of the world (with the totality of all laws that hold in it) is independent of the knower. In view of that, the main focus is on Kant’s analysis of the meaning of a priori knowledge and the critique of old (dogmatic) metaphysics. The aim of this critique, however, was not the dismissal of metaphysics as such, but rather the transcendental foundation of a new one.

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ŠTA POKAZUJE KANTOV „KOMPAS“?

Author(s): Nenad N. Cekić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2020

In this article, the author points to a somewhat neglected Kant’s metaphor – a metaphor of the “moral compass.” The idea of a “moral compass” is nothing more than the concept of the moral law itself as a “categorical imperative.“ The author suggests that this simple metaphor points to two things that are often forgotten in the interpretation of Kant’s ethics. Firstly, Kant believes that moral knowledge is available literally to everyone. Secondly, the path of acquiring knowledge in morality differs from the path of moral knowledge in Kant’s general epistemology. Finally, the author, for example, offers an explanation of the mechanism of “moral compass.”

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MOŽE LI POSTOJATI NEGATIVAN ESTETSKI SUD O UZVIŠENOM?

Author(s): Igor Cvejić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2020

When we talk about the aesthetic judgement in Kant, certainly the main example is the judgement of taste, that is, beautiful and ugly. However, in addition to the judgement of taste, Kant speaks of another kind of aesthetic reflexive judgments – sublime. The main question addressed in this paper is whether in the case of the sublime we can speak of a negative aesthetic judgment, a judgment of what would be contrary to the sublime in the way that the ugly is opposite to the beautiful. After considering the similarities and differences of the ugly and sublime and outlining the formal problems of thinking at all about the aesthetic judgment of what is contrary to sublime, we will try to give a positive answer. The content (object) argument will be considered first, then the argument based on the relation of faculties, which will prove to be insufficient. The closest solution will be to consider in the specific kind of ridiculous.

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GRANICE „PONORA“ SUBJEKTIVNOSTI: KANTOVO RAZUMEVANJE UZVIŠENOG

Author(s): Iva Draškić Vićanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2020

In this text the concept of the sublime is recognized as one of the most important in Kant’s philosophy. In the first part the essay deals with the influence of British aestheticians of the Enlightenment on Kant’s theory of the sublime: Addison’s outline of the notion of greatness, Burke’s concept of the sublime and Hutcheson’s definiton of beauty as a phenomenological quality of human mind’s experience. In the second part essay focuses on the relations between the aesthetic and the moral from the standpoint of transcendental analysis. Comparing and contrasting key characteristics of judgment of beatuy and judgement of sublime author examines the boundaries of this method. In author’s opinion, transcendental analysis, when the concept of the sublime is concerned, reaches its highest point, that is to say, it has been brought to the very edge of the abyss of subjectivity.

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MORALITET I LEGALITET U KANTOVOJ ETICI

Author(s): Josip Guć / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2020

Differentiation of morality and legality is one of the fundamental topoi of Kant’s ethics. However, alongside it is often interpreted in too simple (and also sometimes wrong) manner, this differentiation does not demonstrate the whole complexity of Kant’s understanding of moral correctness of certain types of will determination. Thus the goal of this paper is to point out different kinds of morally relevant actions (which are not limited to morality and legality), and then to explain to which extend each of them can be understood as morally correct. For that purpose we will thoroughly consider the issue of determination of will, and then also some of the problematic interpretations of legality and morality, where as a specific issue arises the one of equating morality with autonomy and legality with heteronomy (especially in domestic philosophical works). The issue of different levels of moral correctness of action will also be examined concerning the phenomenon of moral feeling. Particular attention will be given to the role of the kind of action that refer to having direct inclination toward morally correct action, even though it is not directly determined by the moral law. The analysis of these issues brings us to conclusion that legality is satisfied by an action which is outwardly done in a way it would be done by an autonomously determined will. Considering this, the determination of morality precedes the determination of legality. Other way around can be detected only in the process of education.

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DEDUKCIJA MORALNOSTI I SLOBODE U KANTOVOJ ETICI

Author(s): Milica Smajević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2020

In the third section of the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant seeks, on the basis of the idea of the necessary presumption of freedom, to provide a deduction of the supreme moral principle and to prove its objective validity. Three years later, in the Critique of Practical Reason, he explicitly denies the possibility of making such deduction, and by changing methodological assumptions, tries to show that awareness of the moral law as a fact of reason is the basis for the deduction of freedom. In this paper we will argue that a direct contrast between Kant’s two texts clearly shows that a radical shift in his thought has taken place. The purpose of this text is to show that Kant had reasons to be dissatisfied with the deduction of the moral law offered in the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, which led him to change his argumentative course when writing the Second Critique.

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MOŽE LI SE ODBRANITI TRANSCENDENTALNA SLOBODA?

Author(s): Milica Smajević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2019

The central question posed in this paper is whether (and how) it is possible to defend Kant’s concept of transcendental freedom. In order to provide an answer to this question, the argument of the third antinomy is examined, as well as the application of the solution of this antinomy to the sphere of human action. Comparative analysis of the most common interpretations of Kant’s position leads to the conclusion that the idea of transcendental freedom is plausible, but only if we accept the basic concepts on which Kant’s philosophy rests, in the first place the doctrine of transcendental idealism, and if we adequately interpret the arguments Kant gives us.

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NASILNA INTENCIONALNOST UZVIŠENOGA

Author(s): Igor Cvejić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2019

The main question in this paper is if (and how) in Kant’s theory of sublime the object could be integrated into an emotional experience. In order to understand this problem, the ambivalent Kant’s claims will be addressed: (1) about the object as sublime and (2) that correctly understood it is not an object, but the state of the subject which is sublime. The latter thesis could be even strengthened with accompanying claim about formlessness of the object, which implies that this object can not be a part of conscious experience. Further, I will discuss Kant’s thesis about a subreption of a respect for the object instead of for the idea of humanity in our subject, as well as various interpretations of it. In the final part of the paper, I will introduce alternative interpretation which could give us a more plausible outline about the intentionality of the feeling of sublime. My claim is that Kant uses language available to him in order to state that in sublime there is no object of cognition in conscious experience. However, the object is constituted as an object of the violent emotional intentionality – sensibility brought under ideas of reason.

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ŠELING. POTENCIJE PRIRODE I SPEKULATIVNA FIZIKA

Author(s): Aleksandar Lukić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2016

Through a critical approach towards Fichte’s learning, Schelling opposed determination of nature as a limitation that “I” sets to itself so that it could know thyself. In his works on philosophy of nature, he determined nature as a developing dynamic system. In this work we strive to demonstrate that potenties of nature are one of the key notions of his speculative physics. Even though Schelling himself in that context does not mention Aristotle, our hypothesis is that Schelling’s speculative physics was greatly influenced by Aristotle’s insights from his so-called theoretical second philosophy.

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ODGOVOR NA PITANJE: KAKO JE MOGUĆA PROSVEĆENOST?

Author(s): Predrag Krstić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2014

The author analyzes the key terms of Kant's definition of enlightenment: immaturity, guilt, humanity, laziness, cowardice, bravery, and others. The first part of the paper presents the criticisms that challenge every reasonable character of Kant's conception of enlightenment. After that, these critiques are confronted with the defenses of Kant's definition of enlightenment that points out, on the one hand, its self-reflectivity and, on the other, its everlasting actuality. Special attention is paid to the historical and textual reconstruction of the understanding of public as a condition of the possibilities for the effective engagement of the mind and the rational organization of society. It is concluded that the question of enlightenment remains open, to the extent that the danger of arbitrary use under a completely vague semantic rules threatening the very notion of enlightenment. Continuous reinterpretations of Kant's attempt to define it, however, are also testimonies of an unavoidable instance, with respect to which – by recognition of its relevance, its rearranging or rejection – different conceptions of enlightenment and its landmarks were tempted, articulated and established.

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O trudnościach w recepcji Schellinga – uwagi na marginesie prac Ryszarda Panasiuka

Author(s): Leon Miodoński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 42/2023

This article addresses two major issues. First, the reception of Schelling’s philosophy in Poland after World War II. Second, how Schelling’s philosophical abstractions should be understood. The contextual understanding of philosophy relied on by Ryszard Panasiuk in his research was taken as the basis for interpretation. The structure of the article is derived from these two basic assumptions: the first part – German Idealism in the Context of Marxist-Leninist Ideology – deals with the way in which Marxist-Leninist ideology, starting from a class-dialectical and “party” understanding of philosophy, regarded philosophical Idealism as the enemy. The point of reference will be Georg Lukács’ concept of “Die Zerstörung der Vernunft” and the interpretation of Schelling’s philosophy as Irrationalism. Part Two – The Origins of Schelling Research – deals with the problem of why research on Schelling and Idealism ceased after World War II. And consecutively, under what conditions and when the first monographic studies appeared. The third part – How to understand nature? – is a historical-critical and contextual interpretation of Schelling’s Philosophy of Nature. Schelling’s philosophy can be understood as a new anthropology, integrally linking Man and Nature. In this sense, it is the antithesis of rationalist reductionism.

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De la Kant la Hegel. Volumul al doilea. De la Filosofia naturii la Filosofia spiritului

Author(s): Richard Kroner / Language(s): Romanian,Moldavian Issue: 3/2022

The present pages represent the Romanian translation of a fragment from the work of Richard Kroner, 'Von Kant bis Hegel, Zweiter Band. Von der Naturphilosophie zur Philosophie des Geistes', Tübingen, Verlag von J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), 1924.

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File de Arhivă – Fond urmărire penală. Documente referitoare la volumul „Anti-Goethe” de Noica Constantin

Author(s): Constantin Noica / Language(s): Romanian,Moldavian Issue: 2/2023

In vara anului 1970, Securitatea a întreprins, la ordinul C.C. al P.C.R., o verificare a fostului condamnat pentru uneltire contra ordinei sociale, Noica Constantin. Cu această ocazie, a fost întocmit un dosar care cuprinde mai multe documente, dintre care unele prezintă un indiscutabil interes filosofic. Redactate mai întâi, de mână, de către cei care au executat lucrarea solicitată, piesele selectate de noi au fost apoi prelucrate (dactilografiate). Ambele variante s-au păstrat la dosarul din care mai fac parte câteva tăieturi de ziar, scrisori etc. Dactilogramele, reprezentând filele 59-69 ale Dosarului P 000336, Vol. 6 privind pe Noica Constantin, vor fi transcrise în continuare.

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„Are omul un stăpân și acela e infinitul” • Cele trei întâlniri cu fizicienii ale Domnului Noica

Author(s): Andrei Dorobanțu / Language(s): Romanian,Moldavian Issue: 1/2024

Reproducem mai jos textul unei conferințe a filosofului Constantin Noica, susținută la Institutul de Fizică Atomică din Măgurele, Ilfov, în anul 1984. Înainte de conferință, am reluat alte două texte, datorate domnului Andrei Dorobanțu, relatând împrejurările în care Constantin Noica a intrat în legătură cu fizicienii Institutului. Ele au fost publicate, inițial, în: Academica, an I, nr. 2, [noiembrie] 1990, p. 13, respectiv în Modelul cultural Noica, vol. III, București, Fundația Națională pentru Știință și Artă, 2014, culegere alcătuită de Marin Diaconu, p. 34-39. Andrei Dorobanțu (n. 20 octombrie 1944, Drăgășani) este fizician, cercetător la Institutul de Fizică Atomică din anul 1969. Prietenia dintre el și Constantin Noica a debutat în a doua jumătate a anilor ’60 ai veacului trecut, la inițiativa filosofului, care, după ieșirea din închisoare, era curios să se informeze, de la un spirit mai tânăr, în legătură noile descoperiri tehnico-științifice. Contactul lor a rămas apoi neîntrerupt, până la săvârșirea din viață a lui Constantin Noica, în 1987; în acest răstimp, filosoful a avut cele trei întâlniri cu fizicienii, evocate de domnul Andrei Dorobanțu, el însuși participând la aceste conferințe. Mulțumindu-i și pe această cale domnului Andrei Dorobanțu pentru permisiunea de a reproduce textul conferinței lui Constantin Noica, laolaltă cu cele două prezentări introductive, înfățișăm pentru prima oară toate textele în cadrul aceluiași grupaj, în revista noastră

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Tinerețea lui Hegel - fragment

Author(s): Wilhelm Dilthey / Language(s): Romanian,Moldavian Issue: 2/2023

Literary text by WILHELM DILTHEY

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Logica, Metafizica și Filosofia naturii de la Jena – fragment

Author(s): Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2024

In the following pages we reproduce, in the Romanian version, a fragment of a Hegelian work which has come down to us, in its turn, as a fragment. The first few pages (as well as other passages from the rest of the manuscript) have been lost, so we do not know with certainty which title the philosopher chose to name it. Some references conventionally refer to it as the "Jena system project", others speak of Jena's Logic, Metaphysics and Philosophy of Nature

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Karl Rosenkranz o mladom Hegelu u svjetlu suvremene kritike na temu Analiza teza iznesenih u prvoj cjelovitoj biografiji napisanoj o Hegelu

Author(s): Mislav Žitko / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/169/2023

This paper discusses the contribution of Hegel’s first biographer to the overall understanding of his work through the elaboration and analysis of theses and remarks related to the earliest roots of Hegel’s speculation in his youth, i.e. pre-Jena period and certainly the most problematic and least known phase of his philosophical worldview and written expression. The aim of this contribution is, on the one hand, to point out the inestimable importance of the content presented in this biographical overview, as well as the significance of the material consulted, on which the biography is based and which has survived only in a deficiently fragmented form. On the other hand, an important part of the research presented here consists of highlighting and correct historical and critical contextualization of certain inconsistencies and interpretive shortcomings, present in this first-ever written biography of Hegel, which had a significant impact on the subsequent understanding of the origin of the system and the dialectic in Hegel’s later and more mature speculation.

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Arthur Schopenhauer, O temelju morala

Author(s): Jan Defrančeski / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 02/170/2023

Review of: Arthur Schopenhauer, O temelju morala ,Cid-Nova, Zagreb 2020., prev. Mladen Udiljak.

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Immanuel Kant: Kritika čistoga uma; Kritika praktičkoga uma; Kritika moći suđenja

Author(s): Lino Veljak,Goran Sunajko,Luka Perušić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 04/172/2023

Review of: Immanuel Kant Kritika čistoga uma Naklada Jesenski i Turk, Zagreb 2021., prev. Viktor Sonnenfeld Kritika praktičkoga uma Naklada Jesenski i Turk, Zagreb 2022., prev. Viktor Sonnenfeld Kritika moći suđenja Naklada Jesenski i Turk, Zagreb 2022., prev. Viktor Sonnenfeld

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