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СУДСКО-ПСИХИЈАТРИЈСКИ АСПЕКТ АФЕКТИВНИХ СТАЊА

Author(s): Zoran Ćirić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 62/2012

In this paper is shown that affective states are very strong emotional states and that thez have serious influence to intelectual, voluntaristic and other psychical functions, which might have specific importance in system of persons’ behavior. Sometimes they are such quality and intensity that lead to aggressive behavior and committing crimes. Some attributes of affective states is recognized by Criminal Code, so for persisting some types of crimes is necessary persisting some kinds of excitements (manslaughter, murder by stepping across of unvoidable deffence, etc.). In the field of law are used different terms for affective states, the most often term of excitement. Because of different terms in psychiatry and law in same cases there can be some misunderstanding between psychiatrists and layers, so there is need to make some efforts to resolve these occations. In forensic theory, as in the practice, there are some different postures about role of excitements i forensic evaluation. Because of that it is presented what affective states are, what are they characteristics, influence to other psychical processes and how affective states can change personal behaviour, including manifestation antisocial behavior and commiting crimes. Also this paper includes presentation of different types of affective states, criteria for their recognition, as a base of their clinical and forensic-psychiatric use. In paper are presented some theoretical postures about forensic evaluation od states of excitements in criminal code branch and some our statements in this field as: necessity of evaluation of global mental state of offender, characteristics of personality, type and magnitude of excitements and influence of some constellation and situational factors and so.

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СУДСКО-ПСИХИЈАТРИЈСКИ АСПЕКТ НАРКОМАНИЈА

Author(s): Božidar Krstić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 17/1977

La narcomanie est un phénomène socio-pathologique qui se manifeste et existe à travers toute l'histoire humaine en portant les caractères des différentes civilisations, structures sociales et cultures.Le fait que le nombre des nacromans augmente de plus en plus dans le comportement criminel, ainsi que dans les rapports de droit civil conditionne la nécessité des organes de la justice d'observer la personnalité du narcoman, en tant qu'auteur des délits criminels ou des personnes dans les rapports de droit civil.Eu égard à l'existence des différences dans les approches de l'observation du narcoman sous l'aspect médico-légal s'ensuit aussi le but du travail, et dans le sens de la définition de la capacité du narcoman de comprendre l'importance de son acte, ainsi que de diriger ses actions, c'est-à-dire de s'occuper de soi-même, de ses droits et intérêts dans les diverses whases de l'état drogué et de l'absti¬nence.Le narcoman en tant qu'auteur du délit criminel peut se trouver au mo¬ment de l'exécution du délit dans l'une des phases suivantes:a) dans la phase de l'état drogué,b) dans la phase de la condition psychique du sundrome d'abstinence initial,c) dans la phase de la condition physique du syndrome d'abstinence ini¬tial,d) dans la phase prolongée du syndrome d'abstinence initial.L'estimation de la capacité de l'exercice des droits peut être, de même,dans l'une des phases suivantes:a) dans la phase de l'état drogué,b) dans la phase du syndrome d'abstinence initial,c) dans la phase du syndrome d'abstinence prolongé, d) dans la période de temps après un an d'abstinence.

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СУДСТВО У СРПСКИМ УСТАВИМА

Author(s): Nebojša Ranđelović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 49/2007

The new Constitution of the Republic of Serbia (2006), with all its advantages and disadvantages, has been exposed to serious criticism it terms of its adoption procedure and contents. The new constitutional regulation of the role of the judiciary and the standpoint that the constitutional solutions overemphasize the influence of the executive and the legislative branch of government on the judiciary is one of the reasons for the author's comparative analysis of the position of the judiciary in the previous Serbian constitutions. The process of establishing an independent judiciary and the continuous attempts of the exponents of the other governmental powers to influence the judiciary are a common characteristic of almost all segments in the development of the Serbian civic state. Such tendencies can be recognized before the first Serbian Insurrection in the requests of the Serbs to the Sublime Porta to establish the privileges of autonomy, which would help the development of the judicial apparatus of the state and the "public institutions" of Serbia during the rule of Milos Obrenovic. But, ever since the Sultan's Hatisheriffs (public law acts with constitutional contents) until the State Coup in May 1903, after which the liberal constitution of 1888 was reinsituted, there was a curved but rising tendency to establish and independent and stable judiciary. In accordance with the contents of the Serbian constitutions, the development of the judicial system was accompanied by the adoption of appropriate legislation, frequently influenced by the underlying state policy. After almost 50 years of developing the judiciary under the influence of the real-socialist and other models created in the period from 1945 to 1990, the 1990s brought a different approach in the development of the legal and judicial system of Serbia. There is a general impression that the solutions contained in the current constitution do not represent a step ahead in comparison to the prior constitutional solutions.

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СУЗБИЈАЊЕ ЗАКОНИТОГ НЕЛЕГИТИМНОГ ИЗБЈЕГАВАЊА ПОРЕЗА ОПШТИМ АНТИАБУЗИВНИМ ПРАВИЛОМ У ПОРЕСКОМ ПРАВУ ЕУ

Author(s): Irena Radić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 92/2021

One of the greatest challenges modern states are faced with is finding a way to tackle unacceptable tax avoidance, especially aggressive tax planning schemes and the use of the so-called tax heavens. In this process, many states adopt a general anti-avoidance rule that allows for tax administration to deny tax benefits realized through the use of abusive tax arrangements, which are in accordance with the letters of the law but circumvent its purpose. At the EU level, Article 6 of the Directive 2016/1164 (Anti-Tax-Avoidance Directive, ATAD), laying down rules against tax avoidance practices that directly affect the functioning of the internal market, contains the general anti-avoidance rule (GAAR). This paper aims to analyze the ATAD’s GAAR and related case law of the European Court of Justice in tax avoidance cases in the context of abuse of EU law. In the first section, the author defines tax avoidance and tax evasion in order to clearly distinguish the two terms, and explains the need for the GAAR. The second part presents the elements of the GAAR and the consequences of its application. The third section addresses the issue of legal certainty in applying the GAAR. As one of the prerequisites for tackling the unacceptable tax avoidance and aggressive tax planning is enhanced cooperation of tax administrations and greater transparency of tax information, the author analyzes the 2011 Directive on administrative cooperation in tax matters (DAC) and its numerous amendments. Finally, we present perspectives on the harmonization of direct taxes and depict a potential global solution to reform the outdated international corporate tax system, with action on the reallocation of taxing rights and minimum effective taxation.

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СУЗБИЈАЊЕ И СПРЕЧАВАЊЕ САОБРАЋАЈНИХ НЕЗГОДА НА ТЕРИТОРИЈИ СРЕЗА НИШ

Author(s): Radosav Petrović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/1965

Le nombre des accidents de la circulation dans l'arrondissement de Nis est en une augmentation constante. Tandis qu'en i960 on avait enregistré 255 accidents, en 1964 leur nombre -était passé à 325. D'autre part, en i960, on avait déploré 237 victimes alors qu'en 1964 leur nombre s'élevait à 278. Enfin, le nombre des morts est passé de 15 en i960 à 32 en 1964, et celui des blessés graves de 56 en i960 à 114 en 1964. Lorsqu'on compare le nombre des véhicules avec celui des accidents, on constate qu'en i960 il y a eu 72 accidentes pour 1.000 véhicules, contre 55 en 1964, soit une diminution assez sensible. En revanche, lorsqu'on compare le nombre des morts et des blessés avec celui des véhicules, on constate qu'en i960 il y a eu 4,3 morts et 61 blessé pour 1.000 véhicules, contre 5,9 et 41 en 1964, soit une certaine augmentation du nombre des morts par rapport à celui des véhicules. Parmi les usagers de la circulation, les plus atteints sont les piétons (22,3%), puis les occupants des véhicules, (33%), les cyclistes (22,3%), les tractoristes et les conducteurs de voitures (13,6%), et enfin les motocyclistes et les charretiers. La proportion des morts s'établit comme suit: piétons (28,1%), occupants des véhicules (15,6%), cyclistes et mopédistes. Le nombre des accidents: de la circulation a influé aussi sur le montant des indemnisations versées par l'office d'assurances de Nis, qui sont en augmentation constante. Les responsables des accidents de la circulation sont le plus souvent les chauffeurs; viennent ensuite les piétons et les occupants des véhicules. La route et le véhicule jouent dans ce domaine un rôle insignifiant. Les chauffeurs provoquent le plus souvent des accidents par excès de Vitesse, parce qu'ils ne respectent pas la priorité et enfin parce qu'ils effectuent des dépassements irrégullers.Les accidents les plus nombreux sont le fait des chauffeurs professionnels. L'alcool joue un rôle important dans les accidents graves. En 1964, l'ébriété était à l'origine de 3,5% des accidents graves. Le nombre des infractions aux règles de la circulation représente près d'un cinquième du nombre total des infractions. Les peines pour ces infractions se présentent le plus souvent sous forme d'amendes qui vont de 3 à 5.000 dinars. Les peines d'emprisonnement sont rarement prononcées, et leur durée moyenne est d'environ 12 jours.Le nombre des personnes qui ont été frapées de sanctions pénnales pour avoir provoqué des accidents de la route est relativement peu élevé. Ceci indique les chauffeurs ne pas responsables de la plupart des accidents. Les peines prononcées par les tribunaux ne sont pas satisfaisantes. Il y a trop de sursis et de peines d'emprisonnement de courte durée.La procédure pénale dure assez longtemps un an environ. L'enquête sur les lieux pose un problème à part, à cause du nombre et de la nature des accidents.

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Сузбијање корупције у међународном кривичном праву

Author(s): Miodrag N. Simović,Dragan Jovašević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2017

Though it is an ancient phenomenon, which is present in all legal systems from the earliest times to the present, the international community, in addition to national criminal legislation, has also dealt with the problem of corruption. Thus, in the last decades, more universal (within the United Nations) and regional (within the European Union and Council of Europe) international documents establishing a system of international standards for the prevention and fighting the corruption at all levels, including the application of criminal sanctions, have been passed. By signing the international documents, certain national legislations, including, amongst others, the legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, have undertaken to prescribe, inter alia, criminal liability and criminal sanctions system for perpetrators of criminal offences of corruption. This paper deals with the system of international standards for the prevention and fight against the corruption.

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СУЗБИЈАЊЕ НЕЛОЈАЛНЕ УТАКМИЦЕ У САВРЕМЕНОМ ПРАВУ

Author(s): Vidoje Spasić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 31/1991

Über die Bekämpfung der illoyalen Konkurrenz als über eine Rechtserscheinung und Kategorie fängt man an zu sprechen in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrun- derts. Zu der Zeit beginnt die Gesetzgebung in dieser Materie vorzukommen. Unter dem Begriff Bekämpfung der illoyalen Konkurrenz versteht man eine ganze Reihe von Manahmen und Aktivitäten der durch das Gesetz bevollmächtigten Subjekte zum Ziel der Verhinderung oder Abwendung des illoyalen Verhaltens der wirtschaftlichen Subjekte auf dem Markt. Illoyale Konkurrenz ist also dem Markt und der Marktwirtschaft immanent. Da illoyale Konkurrenz eine unzuverlässige und sehr schädliche Erscheinun-gsform ist, ergreit jeder Staat Maregeln zu ihren Abwendung aus dem Wirtschaftsleben. Zu diesem Zweck schufen einige Länder spezielle Gesetze über die Bekämpfung der illoyalen Konkurrenz, während die anderen Länder diese Materie durch allgemeine Vorschriften des Zivilrechts regulieren. Es werden heute in allen Ländern zwei grundlegenden Formen zum Schutz von der illoyalen Konkurrenz getroffen: bürgerlich-rechtlicher (vermögenchtlicher) und strafrechtlicher Schutz. Ohne Rücksicht auf de iure zahlreiche Mittel des Rechtsschutzes von der illoyalen Konkurrenz soll man hervorheben, da es nicht vollständig möglich ist, die illoyale Konkurrenz aus dem Wirtschaftsleben zu eliminieren. Sie wird immer de facto vorhanden sein, solange die Marktwirtschaft existiert - es wird sie nur mehr oder weniger geben.

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Сукоб интереса

Author(s): Predrag Dimitrijević / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Conflict of interest (incompatibility) is a complex social phenomenon that can manifest itself in different forms. Conflict of interest presupposes the existence of different interests that are conflicting. Realization of a conflict of interest leads to frustration and a miscarriage of another, opposite interest. Conflict of interest in one position or function means that you benefit because you are on second function or position, and vice versa: that second function gives you benefits for first function. Thus, the interests or benefits of individuals, civil servants or officials are evident due to the fact that such persons are in a position that allows them to benefit from them. Here we have two public interests in conflict. However, the legislator speaks of a conflict of interest only in the context of public and private interests. In this sense realization of private interest can endanger and frustrate realization of public interest. However, different interests can conflict: public and private (financial, family, personal, and strangers, etc.) and two public interests between themselves.There are various categorizations of conflicts of interest. There is real and apparent conflict of interest, in which case there is no real conflict; then a current and future conflict of interest that is threatening or potential conflict, which can develop into an existing, ongoing one. Therefore, in order to prevent a conflict civil servant is obliged, from the moment he is appointed to a post, to disclose all information about his financial position, as well as information on activities and functions of members of his or hers family members. Also, there are categories of direct and indirect conflicts of interest.In state legal systems there are legislation and institutions in the form of so-called, independent bodies (Anti-corruption Agency, etc...), responsible for monitoring, identifying and sanctioning an appearance of potential and actual conflicts of interest. The law regulates their competences and procedure in the treatment of specific legal (administrative) issues, as well as the mechanisms of legal protection against their decisions. In this case, it is final judicial protection against acts of individual agencies, so called, administrative proceedings (judicial review of administrative acts) and even a constitutional dispute. Intention of these court procedures is to protect their independence, which can be seriously endangered by political influence in the legislative and executive powers.

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СУМИРАНЕ ИМИСИЈЕ

Author(s): Dragoljub Stojanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 13/1974

Le problème de la pollution de l'environnement s'est placé au premier plan à cause de son actualité de même dans le domaine de la réglementation juridique. De la solution adéquate de ce problème dépend l'existence de la vie tout entière sur notre planète, l'existence des hommes y comprise. Le droit réglemente de plus en plus cette question de la protection contre la pollution de l'environnejnet et il se heurte dans ce domaine à de nombreaux problèmes. Un de ces problèmes est ce que l'on appelle le problème des. infiltrations totales. Il s'agit ici d'un tel phénoméne quand un terrain est exposé à de telles influences qui ne découlent pas d'une seule source, mais de plusieurs sources différentes, dont les facteurs émetteurs sont différents. C'est même la règle dans les zones industrielles et dans les villes que les infiltrations des gaz, de la fumée, de la suie, de la cendre etc. sont le produit de différents auteurs de pollution et qu'ellles occasionnent des dommages à un terrain. Il est question des infiltrations collectives ou de ce que l'on appelle les infiltrations totales.La question sondamentale qui se pose ici est celle de savoir si certains diffuseurs des infiltrations doivent être en général responsables, si certaines infiltrations que différents auteurs de pollution ont causé, ne dépassent, l'intensité localement le plus souvent admise, et qui, comme telles, doivent être supportées mais dans leur action collective portent préjudice lourdement à la personne endommagée. Si on établit que, effectivement, tous les diffuseurs des infiltrations qui ont participé dans »l'infiltration colective« ou un certain nombre parmi eux doivent être responsables, la question se pose s'ils seront responsables solidairement ou individuellement? L'auteur a essayé de trouver réponse à ces questions dans son article, en se référant à la pratiqué et auâ positions prises dans la littérature de droit comparé.

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Сумираното изчисляване на работното време – теоретически и практически аспекти

Author(s): Nataliya Kirilova Kirova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

The following article is aiming to provide a current legal analysis of the institute of the summarized calculation of working time, as well as legal comparative research of some of the closely related institutes to it – full and reduced working time, breaks, time off and annual leaves. Conclusions, which are applicable both theoretically and practically, are drawn upon the presented legal analysis and also recommendations are made towards the improvement of the legal norms, regulating the matter.

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СУПЕРФИЦИЯТА В РИМСКОТО ПРАВО

Author(s): Maria Lourdes Martinez de Morentin / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The present study deals with the income of the cities from public land leases made to individuals and its connection with the constitution of real rights over another's property. Likewise, two decrees of the Senate of Puteoli, recently found, are analyzed, which serve as a basis for the study of surface law, a purely Roman institution that finds little correspondence in other rights, both ancient and modern.

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СУПСИДИЈАРНА И СХОДНА ПРИМЕНА ЗАКОНА О ОПШТЕМ УПРАВНОМ ПОСТУПКУ

Author(s): Miloš Prica / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 91/2021

Considering that the expansion of legal regulation and multiplication of legal norms in the legal order of the Republic of Serbia have engendered over two hundred (substantive and procedural) legislative acts referring to the application of the General Administrative Procedure Act (GAPA), there is no general law in the Serbian legal order that could be compared to the GAPA in terms of correlation with other laws. Yet, in our judicature and legal science, there are no clear criteria for regulating the relationship between the GAPA and other (subject-specific) legislative acts referring to the application of the GAPA provisions. The relationship between the GAPA and subject-specific legislative acts may be based on the regime of legal subordination and the regime of legal referral. It further leads to the distinction between subsidiary and analoguous application of the general law, which is the author’s original standpoint. Analogous application entails the application of the general law in accordance with the nature of the relationship between the legal procedure rules and the subject matter of legal regulation, whereas subsidiary application entails the application of the general law as a whole in all matters which are not regulated by a subject-specific law. In view of the obligation to harmonize subject-specific legislative acts with the GAPA, the author is of the opinion that such harmonization cannot be put into effect without amending the GAPA. Therefore, the GAPA provisions shall: (1) embody the distinction between subsidiary and analogous application of the GAPA, and (2) strengthen the direct application of the GAPA in administrative matters.

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СУРОГАТНОТО МАЙЧИНСТВО – ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛСТВО И ПРОБЛЕМИ

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СУРОГАТНОТО МАЙЧИНСТВО – ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛСТВО И ПРОБЛЕМИ

Author(s): Kaloyan Krastev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: XII/2015

Technology advancements, across a range of scientific fields are presenting new possibilities for medicine. But still ten to fifteen percent of married couples are unable to have children. Surrogate motherhood is not a new solution to the old problem of not being able to reproduce an offspring. Surrogacy has been around for a long time and dates back to biblical times. An interesting bible story is that about Sarah, the wife of Abraham. Sarah could not have children in the beginning. She gave her handmaid, Hagar, to her husband Abraham to bear them a child.

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Сурогатното майчинство - някои етични и етико-правни въпроси

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Сурогатното майчинство - някои етични и етико-правни въпроси

Author(s): Anna Cholakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

The main idea of the paper is that before proceeding with legal regulation of the issue certain important legal and ethic questions have to be answered. For example: will surrogacy affect the best interest of the child and how to protect the surrogate mother.

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Сурогатното майчинство – предизвикателство към законодателството на Република България

Author(s): Lidiya Peneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2020

Surrogate motherhood is a modern socio-economic phenomenon that needs legal regulation in the Republic of Bulgaria. This article presents the generally accepted view of it and the differentiated types of surrogacy. With the comparative method, the legislative approach to it was analysed in the countries of the European legal family and beyond. Finally, is presented position in the Republic of Bulgaria.

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Сурогатното майчинство като предизвикателство пред българските съдилища

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Сурогатното майчинство като предизвикателство пред българските съдилища

Author(s): Yordanka Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

The article discusses a case of surrogate motherhood with private international law element and the participation of Bulgarian citizens. Apart from the complex factual situation in the case, the views of the Bulgarian courts on the issues of the child's origin and their position regarding surrogacy are taken into consideration. An analysis of the current state of Bulgarian family law has been made.

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Сурогатство - нови изазов за међународно приватно право

Author(s): Dragana Damjanović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

It is the right of every child to know, as far as possible, his or her parents and to enjoy their care. However, the development of medical science, as well as changes in established family patterns, have brought uncertainty into the issue of establishing, acknowledging and denying legal parenting. In this regard, in this paper, the author considered surrogacy, and parenting which arises as a consequence of the surrogate arrangement. The author has come to the conclusion that cross-border surrogacy arrangements are very common, which is the consequence of the fact that many countries do not allow birth for another, allow only altruistic surrogacy motherhood or, simply, because surrogate arrangements are cheaper abroad. Either way, this leads to the emergence of a foreign element and raises many questions: jurisdiction of the courts to decide the legal consequences of a surrogate arrangement, choice of the applicable law for legal parenting of the child and status-related issues of the child, the issue of recognition of foreign judicial decisions on legal parenting, recognition of foreign public documents, etc. Regulating this legal situation is within the jurisdiction of each country’s domestic legislation, but the author believes that the time has come to unify the rules, all with the aim of protecting the child. In this regard, the work of the Hague Conference on Private International Law on the Parenting/Surrogacy project was presented, in particular the proposals were contained in the last Report of the October/November 2019 meeting of the Expert’s Group. In addition, the author also examines a study by the University of Aberdeen team dedicated specifically to the international unification of a cross-border surrogate arrangements. In order to give the reader a better understanding of the complexity of the situation in the cross-border surrogate arrangement, a number of examples of case law are presented, including the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. At the end of the this paper, the author draws attention to the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, giving his opinion regarding the recognition of foreign court decisions on legal parenting.

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СУСЕДСКО ПРАВО У БУДУЋОЈ КОДИФИКАЦИЈИ ГРАЂАНСКОГ ПРАВА

Author(s): Radmila Kovačević-Kuštrimović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 42/2002

The right to use the neighbouring real estate cannot be put into effect unless there is a minimum tolerance between the proprietors. The mere fact that real estates are physically (naturally) adjacent, which implies the owners' further cohabitation, calls for limiting the owners' property rights on the adjacent real estates. The regulation of neighbours' relations can be effected either through legal provisions (neighbouring property right in a narrow sense) or a legal contract (the right of real easement). The neighbouring property right empowers the real estate owner to use the neighbouring real estate, or to claim from the other estate owner to procure or to restrain from some action he is legally entitled to. The neighboring property right regulates the minimum tolerance between neighbours without which the property right will be impossible or very difficult to effect. Apart from the prohibition of excessive emissions, our legislature contains a small number of provisions on neighbouring property rights. In contrast to the neighbouring property right, real easement (servitude) is regulated on the federal level; real easement empowers the proprietor of one real estate (dominant tenement) to use another person's real estate in a specified way (servient tenement), or to ban the owner of the servient tenement to use it for the specified purpose. However, within the real easement right, the legislator has also anticipated easements which repose in the decision of the official state authority in case the owner of the dominant tenement, partly or on the whole, cannot use that property without appropriately employing the servient tenement (such as, for example, exigency pass). In the specified circumstances, the use of servient tenement is not the right of easement but a neighbouring property right. The right of real easement helps procure "comfort" and “convenience" for the servient tenement, whereas the restrictions (authorizations) of the neighbouring property right are a necessity.

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Суседско право: појам, карактеристике, и однос према стварним службеностима

Author(s): Katarina Dolović Bojić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2012

Neighbour right, the real right to another’s property on one hand, and limitation of property right in an private interest, on the other, is not regulated in a lawfully positive manner. Given the importance of this right which increasingly loses the characteristic of “rural“ law and which will, considering its contents and nature, gain in importance with the economic development of the society that makes it necessary to regulate the neighbouring relations emerging from the basis of an overall development, especially in the cities, there is a need that this right should be legally regulated in detail in the Republic of Serbia too. Neighbour right is today regulated in all modern civil codes. In addition to the legal regulation of the neighbour right, there is a need that it should be clearly demarcated as regards the real servitude.

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Суспензија претпоставке невиности и обустава грађанских слобода у Србији

Author(s): Sreto Nogo,Neđo Danilović,Milomir Minić,Dragan Manojlović / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2013

This paper presents the results of a qualitative and quantitative research pertaining to the work of Serbian institutions (the police and the prosecution) authorized to conduct criminal investigation and raise charges against perpetrators of criminal offences. These institutions have the authority to submit requests for initiating criminal investigation and to indict criminal offenders. This research focuses on different social circumstances and government measures which have been observed over a twenty-year period. The collected data have been analyzed in terms of comparable periods and the correlation between the criminalcomplaints filed by the police against citizens as perpetrator of criminal offences and the indictments issued by the competent public prosecution offices. The data have also been examined interms of the total number of indictments and confirmed indictments resulting from the criminal investigation. The authors discuss the impact of a disproportional number of indictments containing criminal charges based on inadequate or insufficient evidence, which shows that the offenders were charged and convicted without sufficient evidence. Such practices inevitably imply a suspension of the legal standard on the presumption of innocence and a violation of civil liberties in Serbia.

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