Суб’єкти громадського контролю

Author(s): S. Kosinov / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 129/2015

Problem setting. The purpose of public control in a democratic state is cleared in this arti­cle; its legal basis is defined. The fact that all actors without public powers are the public con­trol subjects is pointed. In this regard, noted that public control is carried not only associations (organizations), but unorganized public. Associations are classified as public control subjects; the characteristics of some of them (community organizations, the media, trade unions, political parties and others) are showed. The conclusion about inappropriateness of attribution local authorities to public control subjects is made.The article clarified the purpose of social control in a democratic state, which is to ensure the optimi­zation of real national sovereignty and governance. Determined the legal basis of public control, analyzed articles of the Basic Law, dedicated to guaranteeing the rights of participation in the rule of public affairs.Paper objective. It is noted that the subjects of public control can act, all participants of social relations that are not endowed with public powers. In this regard, it stresses that public control is carried out not only by non-government associations (organizations), but unorganized public.Paper main body. The classification of NGOs as agents of public control based on the following criteria: the need for formalizing the establishment, purpose and functions, the nature of authority, area of activity. Shows the legal characteristics of individual types of organizations (community organizations, the media, trade unions, political parties, etc.).It is emphasized that each of the associations mainly with certain sectors of public life, which, unlike political parties or trade unions, are not limited to political activities or protection of socio-economic rights of workers. Their activity also extends to humanitarian, informational, environmental, security and other areas of social and political life of Ukraine.Conclusions. The conclusion of the feasibility of assigning local authorities to the subjects of pub­lic control over state power, as they are part of the public authorities and in this respect are themselves subject to public scrutiny.

Субекти на данъка върху добавената стойност

Author(s): Evelina Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2002

СУБЕКТИ НА ПРАВОТО НА ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛНА ИНИЦИАТИВА В РЕПУБЛИКА БЪЛГАРИЯ

Author(s): Elena Haydushka / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The purpose of the research is to outline the circle of entities that have the right to legislative initiative in the Republic of Bulgaria. Specific moments in the exercise of the right of legislative initiative by the Members of Parliament and the Council of Ministers, which have prevailed in the parliamentary practice and the constitutional doctrine, have been brought out. Attention has been paid to the current trends regarding the main sponsor of the bills according to data from studies of legislative activity. The topic of expanding the range of subjects of the right to legislative initiative, which is increasingly becoming topical and at the same time causing debate, is also touched on.

Субекти на пряката демокрация

Author(s): Alexander Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: IX/2014

The article represents an author’s view of the present knowledge on the subjects of the new age non-mediated democracy – people, civil society and population’s general meeting. As a result of the legislature and doctrine analysis on legal subjects, there have been: A number of definitions laid down (national and local referendum, population’s general meeting); Found proofs of our antiquated legal grounds on the issue of direct democracy, which contain countless restrictions and prohibitions; Made propositions de lege ferenda. The conclusion is well-founded, but still unpleasant: as a whole, the Bulgarian state does not fulfill its constitutional obligation to create conditions for the free development of man and civil society (art. 4, par. 2). From a political, social and legal point of view, the dynamic of the creation and maturing of the Bulgarian civil society in recent years gives hope, since it long precedes the development of the partocratic state with its inefficient legal order.

Субективната страна на деянието при превишаване на пределите на неизбежната отбрана

Author(s): Vanya Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The issues related to the objective aspect of inevitable defence, the objective features of attack and defence, the circumstances determining their compliance, have been investigated in multiple aspects and thoroughly, both in legal theory and in case law.The same cannot be said for the subjective aspect of inevitable defence. In theoretical studies on the institute of inevitable defence, these issues are addressed incidentally, most often to substantiate the thesis that the subjective attitude of the perpetrator to the wrongful assault is irrelevant, if objectively such an assault is present. In Decree No. 12/1973 of the Supreme Court the questions about the subjective aspect of the inevitable defence were also ignored.

Субективната страна на сделките върху неоткрити наследства

Author(s): Delyan Nedev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2015

The legal transactions with future inheritance are examined in the article in relation to the classic classification of legal grounds of nullity to subjective and objective grounds. The study questions the universal validity of this classification and advocates the thesis that this form of legal transactions has a subjective element which is essential, althouth variable. This element concerns the object of transaction, the future inheritance of a certain individual and the presumable status of at least one of the parties. The article argues that the transactions with future inheritance are not necessarily contrary to accepted principles of morality. Therefore, the modern view of the discussed ground of nullity as a specific case of contradiction to the law is accepted in the study.

Субективни права и задължения, изпълващи съдържанието на специфичното правоотношение, свързано с труда на лишените от свобода

Author(s): Yordan Yordanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The article examines the work of persons sentenced to imprisonment in the Republic of Bulgaria who perform community service. The emphasis in the exhibition is the subjective rights and obligations of the participants in the emerging legal relationship in view of the specifics of the work performed, which are incompatible with the legal sphere of free citizens participating in the employment relationship.

Субективните права на почивка и отпуск в българското трудово право - еволюция и тенденции

Author(s): Andriyana Andreeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report examines the problems related to the subjective labour rights of rest and leave. It follows the evolution in their development in the Bulgarian labour law, their attachment to the legal sources of international and domestic law in accordance with the necessities of the contemporary society. On basis of the analysis of the labour law norms and the judicial practice are made resumes and conclusions, marked some actual problems and contemporary tendencies.

Субективният елемент в наказателно-правната система

Author(s): Nikola Manev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2015

Subjectivity in the penal system has various manifestations, all of which essential for the construction of important legal institutes. Of particular importance is the issue of the psychological attitude of the perpetrator and the guilt demonstrated. Psychology constructs largely the essence of substantive criminal law, makes sense of abstract structures a well as of specific situations. More often than not the subjective "penetrates" objectively inherent features such as crime act, public danger, wrongfulness. The subjective is manifested markedly in the criminal process – the order of effectuating state criminal repression.

Субективно право

Author(s): Monika Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Субективното право на неспазване срока на даденото предизвестие – същност, ред за упражняване и правни последици

Author(s): Nina Gevrenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The article discusses examines the main issues about the subjective right to non-observance of the term of notice particularly the nature of the exercise and the legal consequences. The author resumes that the subjective right to non-observance of the notice period is an original and highly relevant legislative decision.

СУБЈЕКТИВНА ПРАВА - ОСНОВА НАШЕГ ПРАВНОГ СИСТЕМА

Author(s): Radmila Kovačević-Kuštrimović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 25/1985

Le système juridique dans notre pays ne réalise pas pleinement sa fonction régulatrice. Conçu comme une syntèse entre le droit d'Etat et le droit - autoges- tionnel, notre système judiùue n'arrive pas à résoudre de façon la plus adéquate les contradictions qui se produisent dans les rapports sociaux.Les raisons en sont nombreuses et diverses. Tout d'abord il convient de noter que le rôle du droit et du système juridique dans les pays socialistes a été pendant longtemps restreint. De même,, une conception vulgairement matéri¬aliste de l'idée de Marx concernant la société réduisait le droit à un pale reflet de la réalité sociale. Dans une situation pareille, les iuristes ont prêté leur foi au normativisme.L'abord non-larxiste à l'essence du droit conduisait .à une répudiation non-critique de l'institut, comme a priori non- conforme au socialisme. C'est, le cas avec les droits subjectifs qui sont très profondément anracinés dans ,,1'âme" du droit.Les droits" subjectifs ont pris naissance des idées de la philosophie de droit naturel, et ils portent le cachet de l'individualisme, de l'autonomie, de la démocratie etc. Après la fin de la révolution bourgeoise française ont été procla¬més les droits subjectifs avec à leur tête le droit de propriété privée. Cepen¬dant, lecapitalisme n'offrait pas aussi les chances réelles pour la réalisation des droits subjectifs; les droits subjectifs protégeaient les intérêts de, ceux qui possèdent les moyens pour la production et ûui pouvaient gouverner les hommes.Les systèmes sociaux socialistes, en abrogeant l'ordonnancement capitaliste et la propriété privée, ont renié chaque possibilité de la constitution des droits subjectifs. Cependant cela a été erroné. Les systèmes juridiques socialistes doivent être rétablis comme les systèmes des droits subjectifs car c'est grâce à eux que peuvent être réalisées les plus grandes valeurs de la philosophie marxiste — les libertés humaines et la démocratie. Cela vaut surtout pour notre système soci¬aliste autogestionnel dans lequel se réalisent les conditions non seulement pour les déclarations concernant les libertés humaines, mais aussi les conditions pour leur réalisation véritable.

Суборгация - встъпване в правата на удовлетворения кредитор

Author(s): Nikolay Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2008

Subrogation is a legal-technical term considered on the basis of the theorists in the field of bond law, together with the institutes of performance of a bond obligation. Content that is embedded in the term is the assignment of the rights of the satisfied creditor by a third party.

СУБОРДИНАЦИЈА У РАДНОМ ПРАВУ И САВРЕМЕНИ ИЗАЗОВИ РАЗГРАНИЧЕЊА УГОВОРА О РАДУ И УГОВОРА О ДЕЛУ

Author(s): Todor Kalamatiev,Aleksandar Ristovski / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 70/2015

Субординација, схваћена као „подређеност и надређеност“ између уговорних страна представља кључни правни инструмент разграничавања општих појмова радног права (радни однос/уговор о раду/радник) од њихових пандама у општем уговорном праву. Отуда, овај рад проучава структуру и садржину субординације као diferentia specifica уговора о раду у поређењу са уговором о делу. У уводним напоменама, аутори илуструју глобалне друштвено-економске услове, који утичу на видне измене уговорних односа поводом и у вези са радом и минимализацију разлика између уговора о раду и уговора о делу. Други део намењен је анализи субординаце (као битном елементу радних односа и уговора о раду). Аутори стављају посебан акцент на правну садржину субординације и њена главна обележја (управљачка, нормативна и дисциплинска власт). Они објашњавају и концепт „економске зависности“ и то кроз призму релацијских уговора и нових хијерархијских структура тржишта. Тећи део је фокусиран на опредељивање појма „субординације“ и приказивање њених својстава, кроз призму македонског радноправног система. Централно место у овом делу посвећује се различитим обележјима и карактеристикама који разграничавају уговор о раду и уговор о делу.

Суброгация в отношенията между съпрузи

Author(s): Tolik Genchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The article addresses the matter if the subrogation could take effect in case one of the spouses performs the obligation of the other spouse. The study is concentrated on the legal consequences of performance of family obligation and the possibility of entering into the rights of the creditor by the spouse who has completed the satisfaction. An analysis of Bulgarian family legislation is made which aims to formulate a concept about the family in its legal sense. In the article it is made the conclusion that subrogation between spouses is possible and legally permissible. However, this kind of subrogation reveals certain specifications in comparison with the basic subrogation which in order to take effect requires the following conditions: performance of another’s obligation by a third party, legal interest for the performance and right of recourse in respect of the third party. As to subrogation between spouses right of recourse is not an obligatory requirement because of the principle of mutual support as well as on the basis of moral reasons for that. Legal interest of a spouse to satisfy the other spouse’s creditor originates from the obligations of ensuring the family welfare and the protection of the family against its creditors. Family interest stands above the personal interests of each of the spouse and constitutes legal cause for subrogation.

СУБСИДИАРНОСТ НА ИСКА ЗА НЕОСНОВАТЕЛНО ОБОГАТЯВАНЕ ЗА ЧУЖДА СМЕТКА ПО ЧЛ. 59 ЗЗД

Author(s): Ivaylo Malinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The article will try to define the problem of the legal concept of the subsidiary nature of the unjust enrichment claim under art. 59, par. 2 ZZD. The exposure will go through historical genesis of the institute. The arising problems with the interpretation and usage of the restriction will also be ascribed. It will be followed with the question determining the possible existence of a general unjust enrichment claim.

Суверенитетът и европейският конституционен ред

Author(s): Gabriela Belova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2005

СУВЕРЕНОСТ ДРЖАВА И МЕЂУНАРОДНА ЗАШТИТА ПРАВА ЧОВЕКА

Author(s): Slobodan Milenković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 24/1984

Dams le travail rauteur prend en considération la question actuelle des rapports entre la souveraineté des états et la protection internationale des droits de l'homme. Il traite tout d'abord la limitation du domaine réservé de l'état à travers les différentes manières de protection des droits de l'homme depuis les interventions d'humanité' passant pair la protection diplomatique des particuliers et la plaintedes états contre les autores états à condition que ceux-ci ne respectent pas les droits de l'homme jusqu'au positio standi du particulier en "troit international. Puis il s'arrête sur. las clauses de la Charte des Nations Unies constatant que le contenu du paragraphe 10 de l'article 2 de cet acte dépend de l'appréciation politique de l'organe qui délibéré de l'exception concernant le domaine réservé. Ayant expliqué que la pratique de l'Organisation mondiale a rejeté la thèse conformément à laquelle les droits de l'homme sont l'objet de la compétence internationale seulement ïsi leur violation ne constitue pafs de ménace pour autre domaine d'une plus haute importance, pour les relations entre les états, telle que la paix et la sécurité internationale, l'auteur «aborde l'analyse des rapports entre la souveraineté et les conventions internationales relatives aux droits de l'homme. A cette occasion il expose les raisons selon lasquelles on peut constater que la protection internationale des droits de l'homme est d'autant plus efficace dan's les cadres régionaux que dans les cadres universels, puis il s'arrête sur la coordination du domaine réservé et de la protection internationale par l'introduction de certaines mesures de protection dans les clauses facultatives ou dans les actes physiquement séparés des dispositions juridico-matéiielleis. Il prête attention „au danger public qui menace la vie d'une nation", à la clause fédérale et coloniale, cherchant leur place dans le rapport qu'il examine. A la fin il considère le rapport ides organes internationaux de protection des droits de l'homme à l'égard de la souveraineté des états et constate que ces organes-ci constitués par des personnes élues ad personam présentent moins de danger pour la souveraineté des états que ceux composés des représantants des états. L'auteur finit par la conclusion que la souveraineté des- états est actuellement supérieure à la protection internationale des droits de l'homme.

Сувереност држава између кризе међународног права и савремене политичке реалности

Author(s): Matej Savić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 8/2014

From Boden's understanding of state government as sovereign, i.e. the highest, independent, continuous and indivisible, law, society and the state with its most important quality - the sovereignty of the state government to date have undergone major changes. The sovereignty of the state government and the independence of the state, per se is increasingly more relative phenomenon, from both, the internal and external aspects. The international community as a whole, international law and the will of the stakeholders in the international relations have a growing impact on the internal life of the state, while the state and its authority in the doctrine is attributed with the special qualities such as efficiency, legality, legitimacy, democracy ect.. The political reality is that the doctrine of sovereignty is increasingly associated with the special - exclusive resources and capabilities of certain countries and not to the quality of government, elements of the state, or the will of the people. However, question of state sovereignty is much more than a basic aggregate resource evaluation and simple deregulation, because without a healthy nation-state and its sovereignty internationally recognized system of coordination, or any rightfully supranational order that each state inter se could create, can not exist.

Сувереност и територијална целокупност држава

Author(s): Momir Milojević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3-4/2002

Сувереност и територијална целокупност (интегритет) спадају у највећа добра државе која су добијала све веће међународноправно признање и заштиту.