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Dreptul maritim şi practicile judiciare în Franţa şi în Belgia (Colocviul franco-belgian, 5-6 octombrie 2017, în DMF n. 808/XII.2018)

Author(s): Frédéricque Le Berre / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01-02/2019

Practica litigiilor maritime este, de cele mai multe ori, de natură internaţională şi pune problema legii aplicabile în dovedirea faptelor. Regulamentele Roma I privind legea aplicabilă obligaţiilor contractuale (art. 3) şi Roma II privind legea aplicabilă obligaţiilor necontractuale (art. 3) exclud din domeniul lor de aplicare proba şi procedura, cu excepţia cazului în care legea aplicabilă însăşi obligaţiei stabileşte prezumţii juridice sau distribuie sarcina probei (articolul 18 din Roma I şi articolul 22 din Roma II), lucru destul de des întâlnit în materie maritimă. Jurisprudenţa franceză aplică, în principiu, legea Forului pentru a determina modurile admisibile de dovedire a faptelor.

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Proba faptelor în dreptul maritim belgian

Author(s): Alexis Van Cutsem / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01-02/2019

Întrucât sistemul probelor în dreptul francez prezintă similitudini puternice cu sistemul belgian, vom expune cele câteva particularităţi ale acestuia din urmă. Să reamintim, pe scurt, principiile care reglementează dovedirea faptelor în Legea belgiană şi apoi vom trece în revistă elementele de probă şi forţa lor probatorie într-o procedură de litigii maritime.

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Proba legii aplicabile: Dovada statutului legal în Belgia

Author(s): Frank Stevens / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01-02/2019

Iura novit Curia – legea este cunoscută de către Curte. În orice caz, acesta este principiul care se aplică în ceea ce priveşte lex fori, dreptul ţării din care face parte Curtea. Sectorul transporturilor, în special industria maritimă, este totuşi o industrie foarte internaţională, iar acţiunile judiciare în acest domeniu au adesea legături cu unul sau chiar mai multe sisteme de drept străin. În domeniul navelor, dreptul pavilionului este cel care se aplică, în domeniul transportului de mărfuri, contractul de transport poate fi reglementat de o lege străină, diferiţii actori la proces (agenţii de comandă, agenţi de navă etc.) pot fi sub rezerva unui drept străin, accidentele maritime pot antrena aplicarea unei legi străine etc. Se ridică întrebarea cu privire la modul în care acest drept străin va fi abordat de către instanţa sesizată. Este un fapt care urmează să fie dovedit în acelaşi mod ca şi alte fapte relevante (faptul că plouă în timpul încărcării, de exemplu) sau legea străină rămâne lege?

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Alianţele maritime mondiale, aflate într-o situaţie incertă între ZIST şi SEST (DMF 807/noiembrie 2018)

Author(s): Philippe Corruble / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01-02/2019

În comentariul său asupra Hotărârii Curţii de Apel din Paris privind ruperea relaţiilor comerciale dintre societatea Terminaux de Normandie (TN) şi şase armatori membri ai alianţei G6, profesorul Philippe Delebecque ridică problema „intuitus personae a alianţelor, un element care afectează însăşi natura contractelor pe care aceste alianţe trebuie să le încheie”1. Această chestiune intersectează întrebările şi răspunsurile pe care le prezentăm aici cu privire la aplicarea normelor dreptului concurenţei la alianţele maritime globale.

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Noul regim disciplinar pentru marinari şi piloţi în Franţa

Author(s): Bernard Bouloc / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01-02/2019

Decretul 2018-747 din 24 august 2018 privind regimul disciplinar al navigatorilor şi al piloţilor, disciplina la bordul navelor şi regimul disciplinar aplicabil militarilor îmbarcaţi procedează la o reînnoire a acestui drept special pe care îl constituie dreptul disciplinar. În special, acesta a procedat la abrogarea unui decret din 23 august 1930 privind regimul disciplinar şi penal al militarilor şi marinarilor statului îmbarcaţi la bordul navelor comerciale, Decretul 60-1143 din 7 noiembrie 1960 privind disciplina la bordul navelor a Marinei comerciale şi completează titlul II B din anexa la Decretul din 19 decembrie 1997.

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Porturile franceze în faţa unei strategii naţionale – 2018

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01-02/2019

87 de măsuri şi un dosar de 32 de pagini au constituit suportul delegaţiei interministeriale, prezidate de primul ministru Edouard Philippe la Dunkerque, în 15 noiembrie 2018, pentru a doua sesiune a Comitetului Internaţional al MĂRII – CIM 2

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Dreptul copilului de a-şi cunoaşte originile – drept la identitate. Un drept absolut? Privire asupra adopţiei, RUAM şi maternităţii de substituţie

Author(s): Carmen Oana Mihăilă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2022

“Mater semper certa est” – the rule of Roman law no longer has such an absolute character, losing its status of praesumptio iuris et de iure, at least in our times, as long as in the world a mother can remain unknown (consecrated are the cases of France, Germany or Hungary) or a donor (of sperm and oocytes) can claim anonymity. The right to know oneʼs origins, whether adopted children or those born as a result of medical procedures – RUAM or surrogacy, is not uniformly regulated, sometimes even revealing real divergences. The childʼs interest in the adultʼs right to privacy is another issue treated and interpreted differently. A personʼs right to know their origins is a reasonable concept, reinforced by international human rights law. Although Articles 7 and 8 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child do not expressly regulate the right to know oneʼs origins, the provisions contained in these texts, in conjunction with the provisions of Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, through an extensive interpretation of the right to privacy, give us an image of a childʼs right to know information about his or her origins, about the persons who contributed to his or her birth. The childʼs right to identity cannot be considered absolute, but must be balanced against the rights of others. The present study proposes an analysis of both the legal aspects related to the fundamental right to identity, i.e. the childʼs right to know his or her origins, and the psychological nuances, implications and long-term effects of disregarding these rights. Identity, the “need to be”, the “need to become” is, as stated in the literature, both a static and dynamic concept. Knowing oneʼs origins and building an identity can heal wounds, but not having access to this information can create a significant emotional imbalance.

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Obligaţia postumă de întreţinere – o rezervă succesorală incipientă? Când tradiţia common law se inspiră involuntar din dreptul roman

Author(s): Anthony Matthew Dima Murphy / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2022

An institution native to the Common Law system, family maintenance sparked the interest of Civilian authors owing to a case in which the French Court of Cassation held that it was not contrary to public policy. Consequently, the overwhelming majority of continental authors who venture to analyse this legal figure prefer to approach it from the perspective of private international law. The present article proposes a historical and comparative analysis of the posthumous obligation of maintenance, which will highlight its identity with respect to its continental equivalents. Analysing the factors that led to the emergence of the posthumous obligation of maintenance within Common Law, the author argues that this is an incipient forced share: all the ingredients that made it possible to conceptualise forced heirship in Roman law are present today in Common Law jurisdictions, albeit the attachment to testamentary freedom remains strong enough to prevent a return to the English legitim.

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Algunas cuestiones sobre el procedimiento de violencia familiar argentino [Unele întrebări legate de procedura privind violenţa în familie în Argentina]

Author(s): Diego Oscar Ortiz / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 2/2022

Extensive expertise allows us to prevent, detect, intervene and/or request protective measures and institutional intervention in the interest of safeguarding the most basic of human rights. Domestic violence procedures are not the same as other family processes in that urgency in arriving at a court decision is paramount. The factor of time must be contemplated within a specific regulatory framework. In order to prevent recurrences, the judicial authority should examine every new case in the context of previous experience. Court rulings should have tangible legal repercussions protecting the plaintiff from possible violent situations in the future as well as adopting specific measures aimed at discouraging relapse and escalation of violent behaviour.

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Divorţul – despre despărţire şi alte patimi în istoria dreptului românesc

Author(s): Gabriel Ciprian Stegărescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2022

Regarded today as a daily thing, divorce had a tumultuous history in the old Romanian law. The religious element played an important role, and this led to unique situations, especially due to the combination of laic and ecclesiastic law. Over time, divorce has been viewed with either scepticism or nonchalance depending on the social class from which the parties came, but also the era in which it took place. If in the first part of the Middle Ages, it was regulated in a generic way, at the level of common law, in the last part of the Middle Ages, it benefited from a careful regulation, through the laws and rules of the Romanian rulers. With the advent of written law, the first imperative grounds for divorce appear. However, at the dawn of modernity, divorce had become a daily occurrence, so that the law was interpreted in favour of the parties requesting the dissolution of the marriage, reaching, in most cases, its disregard. The enforcement of the old Civil Code represented an important moment in the evolution of the divorce institution, by enacting clear and concise rules, but also by passing it from the exclusive competence of the clergy to that of the state. The influences of the old Byzantine law would disappear, the new regulation being inspired by the laws of the most important European states. In the following, we will expose some features of the divorce institution, showing the sinuous path that it has taken over the centuries.

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Consideraţii privind comunitatea universală de bunuri – variaţiuni pe tema regimurilor matrimoniale

Author(s): Alexandru Radu Togan,Iulia Maria Stanca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2022

Since the adoption of the Civil Code, the spouses benefit from the right to choose the matrimonial regime. In fact, the spouses may choose either the community of property, or the separate property, having the possibility to modify the matrimonial regime afterwards. On the assumption that the spouses acquired individual property or that they chose the regime of division of property, and they consider modifying it, in that the individual property could be included into the common goods, difficulties may arise. Since the Civil Code doesnʼt specifically regulate the universal community property, this paper aims at analysing solutions for the legal and notarial practice, seconded by a potential reform of the Civil Code.

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Alienarea parentală: atunci când instanţele acceptă ceea ce ştiinţa respinge

Author(s): George Visu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2022

In this article we will present the main theoretical conceptualizations of parental alienation and we will discuss practical approaches to identifying it, including elements related to psychological expertise. Next we discuss the topic of psychological interventions in cases of alienation, in order to finally analyze the legal implications of its use in the courtroom. Currently, the concept of parental alienation does not have a solid scientific foundation, and specific methods for its identification and intervention are in an initial developmental stage. Cases of pure parental alienation are very rare, and in most cases where there are difficulties in parent-child contact, there are several reasons that justify the child's resistance (hybrid cases) besides the alleged alienating behaviors. The past decade has provided a growing body of research that has led the scientific community to agree on some issues, yet much controversy still surrounds the phenomenon. Uncritical and insufficiently documented use of the concept in the legal arena, often just to gain an advantage, can lead to decisions that are not in the best interest of the child.

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Menţinerea legăturilor personale minor-tată. Ordonanţă preşedinţială. Violenţă verbală (I). Ascultarea minorului (II)

Author(s): Bogdan Dumitru Moloman / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2022

Separarea părinţilor conduce la o profundă reconstrucţie familială din perspectiva copilului, mai cu seamă în relaţia cu părintele nerezident. Fiind lipsit de proximitatea cotidiană a acestuia, minorul este expus unui risc real de înstrăinare în lipsa unor măsuri menite să păstreze această relaţie măcar în limitele sale minimale, iar odată afectată legătura, refacerea sa este adesea dificilă. În toate cazurile însă, timpul este unul dintre factorii principali cu valoare determinantă în menţinerea pe cât posibil funcţională a legăturii dintre părintele nerezident şi copilul său. Tocmai de aceea, de fiecare dată când apare orice deficienţă în derularea legăturii părinte-copil se impune intervenţia de urgenţă, pentru a preveni alterarea iremediabilă a acestei legături. S-ar putea spune, aşadar, că, în materia legăturilor personale, urgenţa este aproape una prezumată şi decurge din specificul intrinsec al dreptului ce se urmăreşte a fi protegiuit.

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Samuel Fulli-Lemaire. Le droit international privé de la famille à lʼépreuve de lʼimpératif de reconnaissance des situations

Author(s): Călina Jugastru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2022

Review of: Samuel Fulli-Lemaire, le droit international privé de la famille à lʼépreuve de lʼimpératif de reconnaissance des situations, tome 620, librairie générale de droit et de jurisprudence, collection: thèses, paris, 2022, 432 pag

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IMPORTANTE MODIFICĂRI LEGISLATIVE PRIVIND CONSTATAREA ŞI SANCŢIONAREA CLAUZELOR ABUZIVE ÎN DISPOZIŢIILE O.U.G. NR. 58/2022

Author(s): Georgeta Cretu,Camelia Spasici / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2022

Abusive contractual clauses usually they understand, obligations of parties.As he expressed(or not) the real will of the contracting parties,we distinguish between negotiated clauses and abusive clauses. The clause is abusive when is was not negotiated directly with the consumer and creates a significant imbalance to his detriment. Good finding regulation of the detection and sanctioning of unfair terms influences their effectiveness. This is also the field of the new European regulation,transposed nationally through O.U.G nr. 58/2022. The study is structured in three sections: „Introduction to the field of unfair terms.The black list of clauses considered abusive”, „The general framework of finding and sanctioning abusive clauses.The usefulness of the legislative amendments” and „Important legislative amendments, by the provisions of O.U.G nr. 58/2022”.

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UNELE REFLECŢII PRIVIND INFLUENŢELE CULTURII ASUPRA DREPTURILOR REALE - DREPTUL DE PROPRIETATE ŞI SERVITUTEA DE TRECERE

Author(s): George Vlăescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2022

In the middle of the era of transition from nationalism to globalism, of reversals of traditional paradigms and identity crisis, even real rights could not escape the imagological mindsets formed in the institutionalised crucibles of culture. Mentalities whose repercussions and public addictions continue to reverberate on normative constructions and, implicitly, on individual and collective rights. Starting from these premises, this paper aims at a modest review of the culture, property rights and easements, if only to highlight the ease with which Romanian legislation promotes economic imbalances in the development of relations between the state and the individual issues that do not arise (and, however, much less) in the regulations governing relations between private individuals.

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CONDAMNAREA PENTRU FAPTA DE A SE SUSTRAGE DE LA PRELEVAREA DE MOSTRE BIOLOGICE, CARE AU FOST PRELEVATE

Author(s): Ioana Păcurariu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2022

In the case that is the subject of this article, the defendant was detected by traffic police workers, around 02:30, while driving his personally owned car on public roads. The test performed showed that the defendant had an alcohol concentration of 0.62 mg/l of pure alcohol in the exhaled air. At 03:10, the defendant was taken by the police to the Sibiu County Emergency Clinical Hospital in order to take biological samples. Going to the toilet, before the blood samples were taken, the defendant climbed a window and fled, traveling in a taxi to the Cristian commune, where he was detected by the traffic police and brought back to the hospital, where two samples were collected of blood at 04:45 and 05:45. In short, although the defendant initially agreed to the collection of biological samples, he left the hospital, but after an hour and a half he was recovered by the police and the two biological samples were taken from him. What will this defendant's action constitute? It will be an unpunishable attempt or a consummated deed that meets the typical elements of the crime incriminated by the Criminal Code in art. 337, thesis II? For a better understanding of the crime in the article, I explained the structure of the crime of evading the taking of biological samples, its nature, as well as the position of the judicial bodies and the defense on the case.

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DUPĂ DREPTURILE OMULUI, DREPTUL SUFLETULUI ŞI AL BIOCÂMPURILOR FIINŢELOR. NOTE DE TEORIE ŞI ACCEPTABILITATE

Author(s): Cristina Elena Popa Tache,Jean-Luc Martin-Lagardette / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2022

Legal logic is an effective tool for gathering the usages, traditions and customs in force from immemorial times in natural law, canon law, human rights and, more recently, natural law. By observing that most of people believe in the existence of the soul as a spiritual principle, the energy that animates and unites all beings (from human consciousness to the energy fields of all life forms), we confront the habit as a prelude to a new right. Consisting of unwritten legal rules, elaborated by the practice of social life and transmitted, from generation to generation, through tradition, this right of the soul and the bioenergy of beings exists de facto, worldwide (but dissipated and fragmented) especially in the field of religions and complementary medicine. It must now be reconsidered rationally, developed and protected internationally as a right of all living beings. For the realization of this material, the method of consilience-type introspection was used. Through an accessible language, in the first part, the article explores the conditions of acceptability and the new logic that would allow a fruitful reading, and in the second part, it presents the theoretical foundations of this legal approach.

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JURISPRUDENŢĂ ÎCCJ

Author(s): Redactia Pro Lege / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2022

RIL Regarding the activity of the High Court of Cassation and Justice (Judge Panel on the appeal in the interest of the law), five decisions of acceptance were issued regarding: Law no. 85/2014 on insolvency prevention and insolvency proceedings; Labour Code; Law no. 80/1995 on the status of military personnel; Code of Civil Procedure; Law no. 76/2008 on the organization and functioning of the National Judicial Genetic Data System. HP Also, with regard to the work of the High Court of Cassation and Justice (the panel for the resolution of a question of law), three decisions have been published on Law no. 17/2014 on certain measures regulating the sale of agricultural land located in the countryside, the Law on Cadastre and Real Estate Publication no. 7/1996; Methodological rules for the application of the provisions on the award of the sectoral contract/framework agreement of Law no. 99/2016 on sectoral procurement; Penal Code, as in force from 26.06.2018-30.05.2022.

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JURISPRUDENŢĂ CCR

Author(s): Redactia Pro Lege / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2022

Further to the work carried out by the Constitutional Court, four decisions (exceptions/objections of unconstitutionality admitted) were published in November regarding: Law no. 136/2020 on the establishment of certain measures in the field of public health, the Criminal Procedure Code, the Law of the Chambers of Commerce of Romania no. 335/2007, the Law on the approval of GEO no. 10/2022 for the modification and completion of Law no. 346/2004 on the stimulation of the establishment and development of small and medium-sized enterprises.

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