ЗАКЉЛУЧЕЊЕ УГОВОРА ИЗМЕЂУ ДРЖАВА ПОД ОКРИЉЕМ МЕЂУНАРОДНИХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЈА

Author(s): Zoran Radivojević / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 30/1990

Cet article est consarcré aux divers aspects des engagements des organisations internationalles dans le procès de la conclusion des traités entre les Etats. L'auteur est d'avis que par la formation de ombreuses organisations et par le développement de leurs fonctions on est arrivé aux importants changements dans le procès traditionnel de la conclusion des traités. Dansl ce but il fait l'analyse des règles relevantes et de la pratique existante pour indiquer les spécifications fondamentales des traités internationaux conclus sous l'auspice des organisations internationales das les phases de leurs propositions leur élaboration des ésquisses, leurs adoptation et authentification du texte, ainsi que leur présentation du traité pour l'engagement final. Grâce à l'activité des organisations internationales, la technique de la conclusion des traités s'est instituée progressivement et elle a perdu son caractère strictement contractuel. Les éléments de l'institution se reflètent sur le fait que certaines intiatives et activités des Etats, dans le domain de la négociation, cèdent de- vantl'activité systématique des organisation qui initient, proposent et aident la conclusion des traités entre les membres. La retraite de la contractualité sévère est aperçue lors de la préparation de l'essquisse de se traité. Les Etats, les futures contractants ne participient plus directement dans la formulation du texte provisoire du traité, mais ce devoir est cédé aux corps spécialisés composés de l'individus indépendants qui ne sont pas représentants des Etats. Malgré le rôle important qu'elles ont dans le procès contractuel, l'auteur est d'avis que les organisations internationales ne sont pas les parties des traités conclus contre leur assistance. De nombreux devoirs de l'organisaton se rapportant à ce traité, ont dans le fond le caractère administratif et technique. Il s'agit juste ment de la sonction de l'intermédiaire ou de sponsor de l'activité cotractielle des Etats dont l'exécution permet l'établissement et la réalisation des droits et des obligations entrepris par les traités entre les Etats. 

ЗАКЉУЧАК УСТАВНОГ СУДА O ОДБАЦИВАЊУ ПРЕДЛОГА ЗА ОЦЕНУ УСТАВНОСТИ И ЗАКОНИТОСТИ ПАРАФИРАНОГ „ПРВОГ СПОРАЗУМА O ПРИНЦИПИМА КОЈИ РЕГУЛИШУ НОРМАЛИЗАЦИЈУ ОДНОСА" ИЗМЕЂУ ВЛАДЕ РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРБИЈЕ И ПРИВРЕМЕНИХ ИНСТИТУЦИЈА САМОУПРАВЕ У ПРИШТИНИ

Author(s): Miloš Prica / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 69/2015

Овај текст представља приказ и коментар Закључка (у даљем тексту: Одлуке) Уставног суда Републике Србије о одбацивању предлога за оцену уставности и законитости парафираног „Првог споразума о принципима који регулишу нормализацију односа" између Владе Републике Србије и Привремених институција самоуправе у Приштини, од 19. априла 2013. године.

ЗАКЉУЧЕЊЕ ДИПЛОМАТСКО-КОНЗУЛАРНОГ БРАКА ПРЕМА ЈУГОСЛОВЕНСКОМ ПРАВУ

Author(s): Mirko Živković / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 34-35/1995

L'auteur fait une analyse des règlements du droit positif yugoslave concernant cette matière. Il attire l'attention à la solution contenu dans I'asticle 102 de la Loi du droit international privee et aux règlements contenus dans des contracts bilatéraux (lex specialis). Il analyse spécialement les questions soivantes:1. Les autorisations nécessaires pour contracter mariage;2. La nationalité des personnes qui peuvent contracter un tel mariage; et3. La détermination du droit méritore pour les conditions matérielles et la forme du mariage diplomatique consulaire.

Законска регулисаност детективске делатности у Хрватској

Author(s): Ivan Joksić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2013

Detective work in all member states of former Yugoslavia has a long legal tradition. The reasons for this situation to be found in the former socioeconomic and political conditions, as a rule, preceded by the legislation, or a certain part of the legal regulation of social relations. With the disintegration of its member republics as independent states, initiated a process of comprehensive reforms in the security field. The reflex of these changes is noticeable with regard to privatization of the area of "detective" services, which had hitherto been the prerogative so. "Detective-Inspector of Police". In accordance with new developments in legislation, first Slovenia, then Croatia, the area of providing private detective services are regulated by special legislation. In light of the foregoing, the author of this paper will present basic features of legal regulation of detective activities in Croatia. In addition, work will be divided into several units within which to indicate the primary determinants of detective activities in light of the positive laws and regulations. At the same time, the author will be at certain places in the work of comparing the legislation of Croatia served with the relevant legislation of the Republic of Slovenia and Serbian.

ЗАКОНСКЕ ПРЕТПОСТАВКЕ ЗА КОНВАЛИДАЦИЈУ УГОВОРА О ПРОМЕТУ НЕПОКРЕТНОСТИ

Author(s): Jovana Pušac / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 58/2011

In this paper, the author analyses the legal regulations of real estate contract, i.e. pre-requisites for its convalidation. In that context, the author points to the need for modifying certain provisions of the Real Estate Act. Namely, the problem of convalidation of a real estate contract, which has not been entered into in a legally prescribed form (public instrument form) can be solved by applying a provision from this Act which preconditions the convalidation of the real estate contract by, inter alia, the obligation of observing the right to prior purchase. Such a solution seems unjustified, namely, being sufficiently protected by the Real Estate Act, the holder of the right to prior purchase certainly cannot be harmed in his right. If, in an attempt to solve this problem, we start from the assumption that the contract cannot be convalidated due to the infringement of the right to prior purchase, then legal protection shall be exclusively and solely rendered to the holder of the right to prior purchase, who may not be even interested in its implication. Nevertheless, the basic principle pacta sunt servanda is thus being infringed as well as the concept of conscientiousness and fairness in contractual relations; eventually, the contracting parties are thus placed in an extremely difficult and unfair situation even though they have completely or partially performed their duties.

ЗАКОНСКИ НАСЛЕДНИЦИ

Author(s): Slavko Marković / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 17/1977

Après avoir souligné que par les nouvelles lois sur les successions des ré-publiques fédérées et des provinces autonomes les plus grands changements se trouvent dans le domaine de la succession légale, l'auteur essaie d'expliquer l'aspect théorique des changements et, dans ce sens, estimer, si la solution est meilleure que celle qui était contenue dans la Loi sur les successions fédérale de 1955-Dans le cadre de la cuccession légale régulière, l'auteur analyse d'abord les bases de la référence à la succession légale. Dans la section „Lien de parenté par le sang", en premier lieu il pose la question si pour la référence à lasucce- ssion „la pure" parenté par les liens du sang est suffisante, ou la parenté par les liens du sang combinée avec la communauté de vie, la pension alimentaire et ainsi de suite, et il s'est-prononcé en faveur de cette deuxième colution.L'auteur analyse l'égalité à la jouissance des droits successoraux des pa¬rents du de cujus soit qu'ils sont issu du mariage ou hors mariage, la seule ex5- ception à ce principe il voit dans l'interdiction de recherche de la paternité de l'enfant conçu par voie artificielle (article 32 de la Loi sur les rapports entre les parents et les enfants).En ce qui concerne le volume de la parenté dans la succession, l'auteur considère que le cercle de parents qui recueillent la succession ne peut être dans aucun cas plus grand que celui entre lesquels existe l'obligation alimentaire lé¬gale, mais qu'il faut éventuellement réduire ce cercle, ou le compléter en fonction des éléments complémentaires, qui seraient pris en considération.En traitant la question de la succession entre les parents civils, l'auteur t critique la solution presque identique de la succession dans les deux formes de l'adoption (incomplète et complète la soclution de la Loi sur les successions de la Fédération de 1955 relative à la succession unilatérale, c'est-à-dire à la succe¬ssion de l'adopté et ses descendants à l'égard de l'adoptant, et ne pas reconnaître le droit de sunccession de l'adoptant à l'égard de l'adopté et ses descendants.L'auteur souligne que la parenté par alliance, qui est importante pour cer¬tains rapports juridiques, ne présentait pas de l'importance pour la succession légale, et qu'elle pourrait être reconnue seulement avec certains éléments com¬plémentaires: la communauté de vie, la pension alimentaire etc.En ce qui concerne le lien conjugal en tant que base de s'en rapporter à la succession, l'auteur signale, que le principe de la communauté conjugale effe¬ctive et de l'exécution des devoris. entre les époux est réalisé, ce qui n'est pas le cas pour les parents, et il propose que la position de droit de succession du conjoint soit encore améliorée. Après avoir analysé la succession entre les parents hors mariage dans la Province autonome socialiste Kosovoo, c'est-à-dire entre l'homme et la femme dont la communauté existe longtemps dans la République socialiste de Slovénie, l'auteur considère qu'il faut réaliser l'entière liberté sur le terrain du mariage et les rapport conjugaux, simplifier la forme et faciliter le divorce, mais qu'il n'y a pas de raison de reconnaître l'importance juridique dans la succession à une communauté non-formelle de l'homme et de la femme car avec autantd 'ar¬guments on pourrait exiger l'élimination de la forme de même dans les autres rapports juridiques, et la communauté hors mariage reste, quand même, un rapport juridique, excepté qu'ellerait établie sur une base non-formelle. De telles côncptions, eu égard au sous;développement de notre société et au niveau cultu¬rel et social, favorisent les milieux qui mène une vie patriarcale et conservative. et elles ne sont pas l'expression des besoins qui ont pris naissance et quelque chose qui a mûri dans la société.En traitant la question de l'assistance sociale de la communauté en tant que base de référence à la succession, Fauteur signale, que ces dispositions de la constitution ne sont pas en conformité avec la législation positive. Car, si nul ne peut se charger de l'entretien d'une personne et -que celle-ci n'a pas de pro¬priété, alorslacommunauté sociale. est débitreice de la pension alimentaire, en conséquence il ne peut être question de l'assistance. Si toutefois, la communauté sociale a fourni l'assitance à une personne, parce que le parent ou le conjoint, en tant que débiteur de la pension alimentaire, n'a pas exécuté son obligation, alors comme tout créancier elle peut porter plainte contre le débiteur et de¬mander de lui compenser la pension alimentaire payée.L'orde d'appel des héritiers à la succession est de même en conrormité avec le principe de la solidarité familiale ainsi que le montant de la fraction de succession. Dans les nouvelles lois sur la succession la fraction égale de succession est abandonnée, mais la fraction de succession est déterminée comme création d'un nouveau principe de la solidarité familiale.Enfin, l'auteur signale que le corcle des héritiers réservataires devrait être encore resserré et réduit au conjoint et au descendant incapable ou minur, et éventuellement aux père et mère qui n'ont pas de ressources, s'ils n'ont pas de ressources, s'ils n'ont pas de.propriété et qu'il faut favoriser le producteur pour qu'il puisse par l'acte juridique mortis causa disposer des fruits de son travail- Une telle stimulation du producteur est nécessaire aussi à notre société dans la voie vers le communisme.

ЗАКОНСКО ПРАВО ПРЕЧЕ КУПОВИНЕ ПОЉОПРИВРЕДНОГ ЗЕМЉИШТА У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ

Author(s): Miroslav Lazić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 31/1991

Das gesetzliche Recht des Näherkaufs des landwirtschaftlishen Bodens ist in Serbien präventiv zu Gunsten der Unternehmen, die sich mit der landwirtschaftli-chen Produktion befassen, sowie zu Gunsten der landwirtschaftlichen Genossen-schaft auf dem Gebiet der Gemeinde, auf dem der Boden liegt, gerichtlich erhoben. Die angeführten Subjekte haben beim Kauf Vorteil, und der Besitzer, wenn er en-tscheidet, den lanwirtschaftlichen Boden zu verkaufen, ist verpflichtet, ihn zuerst diesen Subjekten schriftlich anzubieten. Wenn diese Subjekte die Benutzung des Rechtes des Vorrangs abweisen, ist der Besitzer verpflichtet, der Gemeinde, auf de-ren Gebiet der Boden liegt, als dem nächsten gesetzlichen Träger dos Rechtes des Näherkaufs ein schriftliches Angebot zu richten. Schließlich, wenn die Gemeinde ihr Recht des Vorrangs nicht benutzt, erklärt der Gesetzgeber den Landwirten - den Besitzern des Nachbarbodens das Recht des Näherkaufs die Anerkennung. Die Reihenfolge des Rechtes des Vorrangs ist unter den Landwirten so bestimmt, da der Vorrang jenem Nachbar gegeben wird, der mit seinem größten Teil an den Be¬sitzer- Verkäufer des Bodens grenzt. Erst wenn diese letzten Vorrangkäufer nicht wünschen, oder nicht imstande sind, das Recht des Näherkaufs zu benutzen, kann- der Besitzer ruhig einen anderen Käufer wählen, aber er kann den landwirtschaftli-chen Boden nicht unter den günstigeren Umständen verkaufen, als er diese Um-ständen in dem ursprünglichen Angebot angeführt hat.

Законът за защита срещу домашното насилие — пробив в разделението между публична и частна сфера при защитата на правата на човека в България

Author(s): Genoveva Tisheva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2005

The New Law on Protection against Domestic Violence in Bulgaria as a Break-through into Patriarchal Stereotypes and the Public/private Divide in the Protection of Human Rights / This article presents domestic violence as one of the forms of violence against women and of the violation of women's human rights. After analyzing the main characteristics of the phenomenon in Bulgaria and the main provisions of the Constitution that are relevant to domestic violence, the article focuses on the new legislation. The Law on Protection against Domestic Violence, adopted on March 16, 2002 is regarded as a major achievement due to the following features: it introduces a quick procedure before the court for issuing protection orders; it contains a range of restraining and protective measures, enhancing the role of the police for the protection of victims of domestic violence whose life or health has been threatened; and it guarantees implementation of the protection orders, introducing state responsibility for the prevention, protection and rehabilitation of victims, in cooperation with nongovernmental actors, etc. A critical approach is adopted towards the persisting public/private divide in criminal law, which is an obstacle to the effective protection against domestic violence. Therefore, despite the progress achieved with the new law, it is suggested that its effective implementation needs other legislative changes in the fields of criminal, civil and administrative law.

ЗАКРЕПЛЕНИЕ ПРИНЦИПА ГЛАСНОСТИ В ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ ХАРТИИ МЕСТНОГО САМОУПРАВЛЕНИЯ

Author(s): Denis Stepanovich Mikheyev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2013

This article investigates the norms of the leading European charter for fixing the principle of publicity, which makes it possible to bring closer municipal authorities and population of a municipal formation. The work reveals that the principle of publicity serves as a basis that unites local government and population for solving common issues of local importance. The public is given a key position in this process.

Закрила на децата в България (исторически аспекти)

Author(s): Albena Chavdarova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 9/2018

The paper presents the child protection in Bulgaria from the Liberation Period (1878) to 1944. The role of private charity organizations and the state policy for child care and welfare are analyzed.

ЗАКРИЛА НА МОРСКИТЕ ИНТЕРЕСИ НА ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЯ СЪЮЗ В АРКТИЧЕСКИЯ РЕГИОН

Author(s): Vanya Hristova Stamatova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2019

This report examines the protection of the EU's maritime interests in the Arctic region, focusing on the EU's integrated Arctic policy, its objectives, objectives and ways of achieving international cooperation in the region.

Закрила на правата на интелектуална собственост

Author(s): Veselina Maneva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 6/2016

Intellectual property rights are the result of human creativity. They arise both with regard to the intangible good and about the object in which it is expressed. This article examines therelationship between intangible good and property. It also examines the issues of the origin, legal nature and content of subjective law. Clarifies the institute of co-authorship and the essence of the document of protection. Protection of rights is seen as a prerequisite for their enforcement and protection.

Закрила на слабата страна при трудовите отношения с международен елемент в европейското международно частно право

Author(s): Plamenka Markova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: IX/2014

The study looks into European PIL of employment which is concerned with supra-national interests. It performs a regulatory function, one of allocating and protecting regulatory authority of states in the field of labour law, thus maintaining and managing the diversity of European national labour law systems and safeguarding the objectives of uniform and harmonised EU employment legislation. As the analysis of the objective of employee protection in the paper shows, the distribution of adjudicatory authority should be performed through jurisdictional rules that guarantee employees the right to pursue their claims in favourable forums, and not to defend their cases in unfamiliar and inaccessible forums. Jurisdictional preference accorded to employees, however, should be proportionate and take into account the states’ legitimate interests. The distribution of legislative authority should be performed through choice-of-law rules that safeguard the application of the law of the state that is sufficiently closely connected with the employment contract in question, legitimately interested in regulating it, with which law the parties to the contract are sufficiently closely connected and presumably familiar, and whose application they reasonably expect. In addition, party autonomy should be allowed as long as it benefits the employee by building upon the mandatory minimum standard of protection set by the objectively applicable law. It demostates that the rules concerning employment of Brussels I and Rome I largely accord with the mentioned considerations. Nevertheless, it suggests that the recast Regulation 1215/2012 still needs further amendments. Furthermore, it is suggested that Rome I would be improved by the abolition of the rule of the engaging place of business.

ЗАКРИЛАТА НА ДЕТЕТО - ПЪРВОСТЕПЕНЕН ПРИОРИТЕТ ЗА ОБЩЕСТВОТО, ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЯ, НАУКАТА, ПРАКТИКАТА

Author(s): Dobrinka Chankova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2019

Закрилата на лицата, лишени от свобода в системата на международното право

Author(s): Paunita Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2011

HUMAN RIGHTS // International law as an integral, united and complex system that meets the requirements and dynamics of international relations, has been in continuous development and specialization. A part of this process is the emergence and strengthening of the international legal protection of rights of persons who have lost liberty. The issues that arise on the national and international level in connection with this category of persons who are in a more vulnerable position being under the control of police and prison authorities justifed the increased international cooperation in this area during the second half of the last century. Due to it a system of international law regulations, united by common principles and dedicated to the protection of persons who have lost liberty, was set up. The international legal doctrine, however, has not yet studied this newly formed subsystem of international law in a truly systematic and thorough manner in spite of the sufficient amount of normative material. The article makes an attempt to supply a theoretical basis to the issues concerning the specialization of the international legal protection of the rights of persons who have lost liberty, and, in addition, to prove its independent international legal existence.

Залогът на вземания по ЗЗД и ЗОЗ

Author(s): Ivan Mangachev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2005

Obligations can no doubt be secured by claims belonging tothe debtor or third parties. Only claims that can be bet can be pledgedtransferred, ie whose nature permits disposition (Art. 162 of the LPP).

ЗАЛОЖНО ПРАВО НА ВАЗДУХОПЛОВУ С ПОСЕБНИМ ОСВРТОМ НА ЗАКОНСКО ЗАЛОЖНО ПРАВО

Author(s): Svetislav Janković / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2014

The paper examines three types of liens on aircraft: mortgage (as contractual lien), statutory and judicial lien on aircraft. Special attention is paid to statutory liens and its relationship with mortgage and judicial lien on same aircraft. The author highlights the problem of priority of different type of secured creditors due to the fact of existing competition between their interests. This problem is especially enlarged because of simultaneously applying three different source of law: Cape Town Convention 2001, Serbian Law of Air Transport 2011 and Geneva Convention on the Recognition of Rights in Aircraft 1948 Conclusion is that the creditor with statutory lien on aircraft has the biggest priority in realization of his right over other creditors and even creditors secured with mortgage and judicial lien which have priority between themselves in comply with principle „first in time, first in right“. In order to achieve the ideas of this conclusion in practice it is necessary for courts to use teleological interpretation in applying laws. This is especially because of certain inconsistencies between different legal sources in regard of notion, order of priority and effect of different type of liens on aircraft.

Заложно право на непокретним стварима уписаним у регистар

Author(s): Milica Vučković / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

The saying res mobiles res villis – movables are worthless is no longer valid for movables. The need for non-possessory pledge of movable property which was the basic of economic activity of the owner existed even in the old Rome. With the development of the economy, an outstanding need for non-possessory pawning of these things emerged. Modern law has developed security rights over movables that are favorable for debtors and also satisfactory and efficient enough for creditors. The object of the paper is registered pledge. The author analyses the law of Republic of Serbia, and certain attention has been given to law regulations of former republics of SFRJ and for the west European laws. In Serbian law the most important statute of this area is the Statute of Registered Pledge. That statute regulates non-possessory pawning of movables with no restriction for the subjects and for objects of registered pledge. The statute also provides a number of ways for the realization of pledge, most important of them being extra-judicial repayment which makes the registered pledge one of the most efficient security rights in modern law. The registered pledge enables the full use of credit potential of movables without endangerment of regular economic activity of the owner – the debtor. The creditor gains needed certainty with the registration of the security right, and at the other side, he has no obligation of preserving the movable. There is a great expectation that this right can achieve main goals of pledge – certain and efficient securing of claims and full use of credit potential of movable property of the debtor.

ЗАМЕСТВАЩО СЪГЛАСИЕ ЗА ПЪТУВАНЕ НА ДЕТЕ В ЧУЖБИНА

Author(s): Milen Angelov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2018

This article discusses the issue and the legal framework in cases of parental refusal to have his/her child travel abroad with his/her other parent. The European Union practice on the subject is considered, as well as the preconditions that led to the legislative initiative on the adoption of Art. 127a of the Family Code and Interpretative Decision No 1 of 03.07.2017 of the General assembly of a civic college of the Supreme Court of Cassation. The case law on the subject is also examined

ЗАМКА БЛАГОСТАЊА ПОД МАСКОМ СТАБИЛНОСТИ ЗАПОСЛЕЊА

Author(s): Jelena Janković / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 80/2018

Considering the fact that modern legal transactions change the physionomy of working agreements and create new types of relations between employees and employers, the author analyzes the relationship between the principle of humanization of labour and the process of employment stabilization. Namely, the expansion of the digital labour makets in the platform economy has led to the dehumanization of labor and non-recognition of the human nature of labour in the platform economy. This creates an army of invisible (and often under-paid) workers whose services are turned into a comodity. On the other hand, the general structure of labour regulation promotes full time employment in the real working environment for an indefinite period of time, as a form of stable employment. In this regard, one can openly and unequivocally ask whether the stability of traditional employment is sufficient compensation for dehumanization of labour in the digital working environment. Consequently, if the scheme of labour-related values and employment benefits is based only on the stabilization of the traditional labour relations, the workers in the non-conventional working environment may easily fall into a welfare trap (by satisfying some social needs and obtaining some benefits which create an illusion of stable employment). Yet, can there be welfare in the dehumanized labour world? Can there be prosperity if the legislation evisages the stability of only one model of employment and does not recognize the workers in non-conventional labour settings?