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This paper deals with the presentation of Serbian and Croatian biblical similes in dictionaries and their usage by native speakers. The author also draws material from Macedonian and Montenegrin. Some of the examples are presented with etymological commentaries.
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Born on March 16, 1937, the Academic Nyomárkay studied Hungarian Language and Literature and Serbo-Croatian from 1955 to 1961 at the Budapest University “Eötvös Loránd”. Graduating, he soon started working as a high-school professor, and as his interest was increasingly moving towards research work, he obtained a PhD in Philosophy at the same university in 1965.
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The aim of the paper is to describe the language situation and the main features of the Aromanian dialect in the Prespa region. The ethnolinguistic group of Aromanians is represented in this region only by one family. Nowadays, this linguistic situation is an example of language death, as the younger generation no longer speaks the Aromanian language whereas the senior generation uses it in limited contexts. The Aromanian speech abounds with multiple examples of interference of Macedonian, which is the dominant language in relation to Aromanian in this situation. The Aromanian language is still used on a daily basis; however, it is spoken only by the senior members of the language community. We suppose that in this situation, there is little chance for the Aromanian language to experience its renaissance in Prespa.
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This paper deals with the comparative analysis of Slavic similes that characterize sound sleep as a part of the linguistic image of the Slavic world. Through the analysis of the figurative structure of similes, the authors demonstrate a great variety of models describing sound sleep in Slavic similes as well as the distinctive and similar ways of expressing the main meanings of similes in different languages. They also demonstrate the semantic differentiation of similes created by the model used in the comparison. Finally, the authors describe several national or cultural specific features of similes in various Slavic languages.
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The paper studies the presentation of Belarusian and Ukrainian biblical similes in dictionaries as well as their use by native speakers. Some of the examples are supplied with etymological commentaries.
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This paper provides an analysis of the language situation in the villages of the multi-ethnic Prespa region (Republic of Macedonia): Krani and Arvati. The language situation in these villages appears to be especially noteworthy in juxtaposition with the general language situations in Republic of Macedonia. Interestingly, the local bilingualism has no religion restrictions, so Orthodox Macedonians master Albanian language, which is unusual for other Macedonian regions. The most significant features of the Prespa language situation are the following: 1) a relatively high degree of linguistic competence of Macedonian informants in the Albanian language; 2) the young age of second language acquisition; 3) the use of the Albanian language as a primary means of communication within the village; 4) the absence of code-mixing in the narrative.
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The modern phraseology of Bosnian Muslims is one of unknown destinations in Balkan Slavonic linguistics. In this region, we recognize international and specific points, which illustrate different processes in history, culture, and traditions of Bosnia. We pay special attention to tracks of Slavonic, Eastern, and European cultures; Orthodox, Catholic, and Muslims mentalities in lexicology, phraseology, and slang. Materials for this research were taken from the personal interviewing of citizens during our visits to Bosnia from 2007 to 2014.
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The National Library of Montenegro initiated activities aimed at obtaining the international language code for the Montenegrin language in 2008. This code is assigned by the ISO 639-2 Technical Committee headquartered at the Library of Congress, Washington, and D. C. The Technical Committee 016 – language codification, established within the Montenegrin Institute for Standardization, got involved in the activities leading to the language code assignment. At the beginning of December 2017. the Joint Advisory Committee of the Library of Congress approved the request for the language code for the Montenegrin language and assigned CNR for Montenegrin in English and monténégrin in French.
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A case of exceptional assignment of prosody to loanwords is considered. In Serbo-Croatian, where in loanwords the original position of stress is generally preserved in some way, a small class of Latinate adjectives (e.g., "elementārna ‘elementary’ and p"ersonālna ‘personal’) become toneless and they display the postcyclic initial falling accent. An account of these data is proposed which combines a new approach to postcyclic prosody, which is shown to go hand in hand with syntactically opaque structures, and a new model of loanword integration, which views the loanword trajectory as lexicalisation. As a result, an enriched theory of both domains and their interaction arises to account for the data and shed some additional light on the position of loanwords in the architecture of the grammar/lexicon.
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This squib investigates the distribution of clitics with direct object DPs in Macedonian. In particular, it aims to explain the co-occurrence restrictions on clitics with IP-internal DPs, i.e., DPs in pre- and postverbal position. The occurrence of the clitics with such DPs is linked to their feature specification for strength, where strength is defined as in Barwise — Cooper (1981). The analysis is then extended to DPs in clause-initial positions, i.e., DPs at the left periphery. It is shown that the overall behavior of DPs with respect to clitic doubling prompts a novel, three-way distinction of the DPs in Macedonian as [+strong], [−strong] and unspecified for strength.
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Allomorphy is a phenomenon that occurs in many languages. Several psycholinguistic studies have shown that allomorphy, if present, co-determines cognitive processing. In the present paper we discuss allomorphic variations of Serbian instrumental singular form of pseudo-nouns as emerging from analogical learning. We compare the predictions derived from memory-based language processing models with results from a previous experimental study with adult Serbian native speakers. Results confirm that the production of suffix allomorphs in Serbian instrumental singular masculine nouns can be accounted for by memory-based learning and simple analogical inferences. The present findings are in line with a growing body of research showing that memory-based learning models make relevant predictions about the cognitive processes involved in various linguistic phenomena.
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This paper is an attempt to compile a summary of the results of research on the dispersed ethnic group of the Croatian minority in Burgenland. Until now, only a few national and regional descriptions have been made. The need for compiling a summary arises from the frequency of segmented considerations on national culture. However, the integration of Central European culture into the EU requires a holistic approach.
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The article deals with the geographically most marginal representative of the Štoji dialect group of Burgen land Croatian. The author assumes that the dialect has a tone distinction and he establishes, among other things, that the vowel lengthening before tautosyllabic resonants yielded a long falling vowel, which is in contrast with what has been found until now in other Burgen land Croatian dialects that have a tone distinction and is a potentially very important source of information on the origin of the dialect. Another interesting trait of the dialect is the fact that phonemically short stressed e, a and o can be realized long in any position,including final open syllables. This is the most extreme variant found until now of the Burgen land Croatian tendency towards lengthening of non-high vowels.
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Syntagmas in Croatian have been discussed in three Croatian grammars. In the first two, little attention was paid to them, while the third grammar gives a detailed but rather complicated description of syntagmas. In the latter analysis, several incompatible aspects are mixed, some linguistic factors contradict each other and a number of phenomena are simply ignored by the authors. In this paper, therefore, collocations of words are described in the theoretical framework of dependency grammars. In accordance with this, the term “phrase” is used throughout this work. I included several collocations that have been ignored by all the other researchers. The coherent analysis relies exclusively on linguistic criteria, other (semantic or syntactic) aspects are not taken into account. The description of these collocations is based on dependency connections between words. In order to illustrate this, the present paper discusses the noun phrase in full detail.
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Proverbs typically considered to be traditional sayings that give advice or express general truths based on age-old human experience. Nevertheless, they have never been considered as items expressing the absolute truth. It was their didactic wisdom that was appreciated and passed onto the next generations. People also noticed that proverbs were not always to be accepted and followed as universal laws of behavior, so they reacted humorously or satirically to these folk sayings by creating a new form of proverb – the anti-proverb. Both proverbs and anti-proverbs are therefore considered parts of the natural language and have nowadays become a subject of linguistic studies. The present paper conducts a research on Bulgarian anti-proverbs compiled from the Internet, with a special regard to their pragmatic characteristics. Numerous databases and other sources enable the researcher to emphasize certain that anti-proverbs have inherited from traditional sayings; these functions include the expression of invocation, suggestion, warning, and regulations. In addition, the present paper discusses some new functions of proverb-parodies, namely the questioning of popular opinion and norms, as well as the act of denial. Such function-changes are the results of paremiological adaptations to contemporary social, cultural, and economic needs.
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This paper deals with some specific features of Croatian dialects in Hungary. Some phonological features that are found in those dialects will be considered, especially those that were not confirmed in the same relations, or were not confirmed in other Croatian dialects at all.
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The paper claims that apart from the Dubrovnik literary language of the “Golden Age” (15th–16th c.) based on the Čakavian dialect it was the Štokavian dialect that gained dominance both in urban everyday speech and the language of administration reflecting it. The Štokavian dialect had completely ruled out the Čakavian dialect even from literature by the 17th century. This spontaneous linguistic process significantly contributed to the emergence of a unified Serbo-Croatian literary language in the middle of the 19th century.
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The author studies the history of the words meaning ‘hangman’ in Bulgarian. In the history of Bulgarian several terms have been used to express this notion: спекулатор (second part of the 9th c.) < Greek σπεκουλάτωρ, джелатин < Turkish cellat (17th c.) and палач < Rus. палач (second part of the 19th c.). In Modern Bulgarian of the New Testament (Mk 6: 27) the Greek word is already given through оръжник (1871) < Rus. оружник, оръженосец < Rus. оруженосец (Synodalny translation). Neofit Rylski retains the word спекулатор in his 1840 translation.
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The study gives the survey of the contacts between Croatian and Hungarian languages, paying primary attention to loan-words. The author reports the results of his research into those terms borrowed from Hungarian that are used in modern colloquial Croatian.
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